Plerogyra sinuosa

Plerogyra sinuosa
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Cnidaria
Class:Anthozoa
Order:Scleractinia
Family:Scleractinia incertae sedis
Genus:Plerogyra
Species: P. sinuosa
Binomial name
Plerogyra sinuosa
(Dana, 1846) [2]
Synonyms
List
  • Euphyllia cultrifera Dana, 1846
  • Euphyllia sinuosa Dana, 1846
  • Plerogyra excavata Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848
  • Plerogyra laxa Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848

Plerogyra sinuosa is a species of "bubble coral". It has grape-sized bubbles which increase their surface area according to the amount of light available: they are larger during the day, but smaller during the night, when tentacles reach out to capture food. This species requires low light and a gentle water flow. Common names for Plerogyra sinuosa include "grape coral", bladder coral, pearl coral and branching bubble coral.[3]

Description

Colonies of Plerogyra sinuosa are in the form of an inverted cone that may be as much as a metre (yard) across. The corallites in small colonies are monocentric and trochoid, but become flabellomeandroiid (arranged in valleys, the neighbouring valleys having separate walls) in larger colonies. The septa have smooth margins but are irregularly arranged giving the colony an untidy appearance. The costae on young colonies sometimes form lobes which develop spines. These spines then elongate and a new polyp develops, this budding method being an unusual occurrence among corals.[4]

In the living coral, Plerogyra sinuosa has vesicles resembling bubbles up to 2.5 cm (1 in) in diameter. These enlarge during the day but retract to a certain extent during the night to expose the polyps and their tentacles.[4]

Biology

Plerogyra sinuosa is a zooxanthellate species of coral.[2] It obtains most of its nutritional needs from the symbiotic dinoflagellates that live inside its soft tissues including the walls of the vesicles. These photosynthetic organisms provide the coral with organic carbon and nitrogen, sometimes providing up to 90% of their host's energy needs for metabolism and growth. Its remaining needs are met by the planktonic organisms caught by the polyps.[5]

Status

This is a common, widely distributed species in shallow reef environments. It is subject to the threats of climate change and destruction of its reef habitat common to other coral species, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being "near threatened".[1]

References

  1. 1 2 Turak, E.; Sheppard, C.; Wood, E. (2014). "Plerogyra sinuosa". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2014: e.T133258A54224963. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T133258A54224963.en. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
  2. 1 2 Hoeksema, Bert (2015). "Plerogyra sinuosa (Dana, 1846)". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2015-08-09.
  3. ↑ "Descriptions and articles about the Bubble Coral (Plerogyra sinuosa)." Brief summary. EOL. Web. 17 Mar 2014. http://eol.org/pages/1006618/details>.
  4. 1 2 台灣石珊瑚誌. 國立臺灣大學出版中心. 2009. p. 154. ISBN 978-986-01-8745-8.
  5. ↑ Ruppert, Edward E.; Fox, Richard, S.; Barnes, Robert D. (2004). Invertebrate Zoology (7th ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 122. ISBN 978-81-315-0104-7.
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