Parkrun

Parkrun logo

Parkrun (stylised as parkrun) is a collection of five-kilometre (3.1 mile) running events that take place every Saturday morning in twenty countries across five continents. Junior Parkrun is a spin-off event which provides a 2 kilometres (1 1⁄4 mi) run for children aged 4–14 weekly on a Sunday morning.

The first Parkrun event to launch was the Bushy Parkrun, which was founded by Paul Sinton-Hewitt in 2004. It grew into a network of similar events called the UK Time Trials, before adopting the name Parkrun in 2008 and expanding into other countries. The first event outside of the United Kingdom was launched in Denmark in 2009. Events take place in a range of general locations including city parks, country parks, national parks, stately homes, castles, forests, rivers, lakes, reservoirs, beaches, promenades, prisons, racecourses and nature reserves. As of 19 April 2018 there were close to 4.5 million registered runners.

Parkrun events are free to enter and are run by volunteers, supported by a small group of staff at its headquarters. In order to receive a time, runners are required to register online in advance for a unique athlete number and to print their own identification barcode for use when taking part. The results of each event are processed and uploaded online by volunteers. Parkrun has been noted for attracting participants with a wide range of abilities. Parkrun's mission statement is "a healthier and happier planet".[1][2]

History

Participants at Bushy parkrun in 2014

Parkrun was founded by Paul Sinton-Hewitt on 2 October 2004 at Bushy Park in London, England.[3] Sinton-Hewitt was born in Zimbabwe and went to Potchefstroom High School for Boys as a boarder in South Africa.[4] He became a club runner with a personal best time in the marathon of 2 hours and 36 minutes.[5] In 2004, Sinton-Hewitt was suffering from depression and unable to run due to an injury. He founded Parkrun because he wanted to continue to spend time with his running friends.[6] In a BBC Radio 4 interview he said that the idea for Parkrun came from his time in South Africa 20 years earlier where he had experienced competitive races that took place on the same course at the same time each week.[7] The first event had 13 runners, 3 volunteers and was managed by Sinton-Hewitt.

The Bushy Parkrun was originally known as the Bushy Park Time Trial, and its results were timed with a stop watch, recorded on paper while washers stamped with a finish number were used as finishing tokens.[8][9] Over the next two years the event took place every week with the number of participants and volunteers growing, and new technology introduced to streamline the processing of results. The second Time Trial was launced at Wimbledon Common in 2007, It was here that the model of having an identical structure at different locations began.[10] That year saw the a further six events established,[11] They were initially known as the UK Time Trials before the Parkrun name was adopted. There were 5 more locations added in 2008 including the first in Scotland and the first in Wales.

The first event outside the UK was launched in Zimbabwe in 2007, though this event no longer operates. The longest-running parkrun outside the UK was launched in Denmark in 2009. In 2010, there were 30 new events added including the first in Northern Ireland.[12] In 2011 Parkun began in South Africa and Australia both of which have seen significant growth in event numbers, and in 2012 Parkrun USA launched. Junior Parkrun started at Bushy Park in 2013.[13] Sinton-Hewitt received a CBE in 2014 for his "services to grassroots sport".[14]

In 2015 more than 80,000 people were gathering in parks across the world each week to run, jog and walk a Parkrun – more than twice the number who take part in the annual London Marathon.[15] 2016 saw 1.1 million different people completing a Parkrun and 142,000 gave their time to volunteer.[16] In 2018 on an average Saturday around a quarter of a million runners take part in 1,500 events spread over 20 countries.[17]

Operation

Participation is free of charge, as Parkrun is funded through sponsorships and grants, and staffed locally by volunteers.[18] In order to have their time recorded, runners are instructed to register on the website, print out a personal barcode and bring it to the run.[19][20][21] Runners can still participate without registering or if they forget to bring their personal barcode, but they will not have their time recorded.

Parkrun makes extensive use of electronic timekeeping. Volunteers operate the timing devices, which are started at the start of the race. As each runner crosses the finishing line, a volunteer presses a button on the device, which records the runner's finishing place number and their time. The finishers are each given a tag with their place number on it. They take the place number tag and their barcode to another volunteer who scans both. The information recorded by the timers and scanners is then uploaded onto a computer, which allows runners to be matched with their times.

The results are uploaded to the Parkrun website which also generates a number of statistics. The results available are finishing position for both male and female runners, the time taken to complete the run, whether or not a personal best time has been run, the total number of runs completed by an individual, their age grade result and their position in relation to other veteran or junior runners. If the runner does not have a barcode, their position on the finishers table will be recorded with the name "unknown" and no time.

Participation

Participants lining up to start at Parkrun Łódź

A 2013 article in The Guardian noted the rapid growth of Parkrun and suggested this was mainly due to its simplicity and accessibility: runners register online once, turn up at any event, and run.[22] Inclusivity is also a factor,[23] as participants have a wide range of running abilities, from fast club runners to those walking, a wide range of ages from children running with their parents to the elderly, also allowed are wheelchair users, those pushing buggies and people running with their dog.

A 2015 qualitative study by the University of Loughborough found that runners attending a Parkrun for the first time were typically motivated for weight loss or an improvement in their physical fitness.[24] On the other hand, there were a range of different motivations for runners to continue regularly taking part, with runners wanting to beat their personal record time, to reach a certain number of runs and join a milestone club, to enjoy being outdoors at the park, to make new friends through volunteering or to meet existing friends or family for the run.[24]

The Daily Telegraph reported that "what's clever is that it’s not a race against everyone else but a timed run", and that trying to improve your personal best time is a great incentive even for slower runners. Commenting that it doesn’t matter how good, or bad, a runner you are, anyone can take part, from pensioners to parents with their kids and dogs. [25] Further explaining that the success of the events is down to them being free and weekly because it allows people to get into a routine.[26]

An article in The Telegraph said that a drop in gym usage can be attributed to a backlash against gym membership fees combined with the popularity of events such as Parkrun and fitness tracking devices.[27] Professor Kathleen Armour, head of the School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Services at Birmingham University said: "You could speculate that people have shifted from the gym to running" and that "the cost of using a gym is likely still to be a major factor behind the slump".[27]

The Journal of Public Health reported in a 2013 study upon 7308 parkrunners that the events were attractive to people who described themselves as non-runners; with women, older adults and overweight people well represented. It added that participation problems have been minimized, with no upper age limit, no special equipment and no cost. And that while some participants ran before parkrun, some are new to exercise, and parkrun offered the opportunity and support to become active on a continuous weekly basis.[28]

One of the attractions is the chance to run in a pleasant park or location, some of the runs take place on National Trust land, for example Sheringham Park, which is noted for its rhododendrons, azaleas and stunning coastal views. The National Trust and other similar organisations are encouraged to host their Parkruns despite not formally charging a fee because of the extra revenue generated by people visiting their cafés and gardens.[26]

An article in The Guardian by Adharanand Finn said "for beginners, joining a race or running with others can be intimidating, but parkrun is set up to cater for British awkwardness. While it’s all very welcoming, if you don’t want to talk to anyone, you don’t have to".[29] The Guardian newspaper Editorial column of 5 Jul 2015 said "The glitz of London 2012 failed to persuade the nation to get off the sofa. The lower-key success of Parkrun shows a smarter way to boost participation in sport", it discussed how Parkrun is succeeding where London's Olympic "legacy" is failing.[30]

Writing in The Independent on 4 September 2018, Jonathan Liew, their Chief Sports Writer, said "Parkrun is not simply one of the biggest sporting events in the world, but one of the most important, largely because it entirely upends what we have long been told sport is about."[31] He discusses how sport has become ever more something the public pay to watch, packaged ever more expensively, with the sports people lives tipping over into light entertainment, concluding with the comment "Parkrun offers something entirely different: community, opportunity, the outdoors, the simple pleasure of sport and people. In so doing, it has resurrected a vision of sport that has been in recession for a generation."[32]

Volunteers

Each Parkrun event is run entirely by volunteers. To assist the volunteers, Parkrun HQ provides the necessary equipment and there are several different volunteer roles at each Parkrun event.[33] Every event has a 'volunteer' page, with the same basic information about how to get involved as a volunteer, as well as crediting those who have made the effort in the most recent week.[34] The Parkrun website credits those who volunteer each week as "the heart" of Parkrun, and integral to its not-for-profit status.[35] It also provides a useful range of responses to commonly asked questions about volunteering, with information on each of the different roles, in its FAQ section.[36] At the outset of Parkrun the central organisation endeavored to simplify the volunteering process to allow new events to be set up with a low number of volunteers, this simplification now allows new volunteers to assist with minimal training.[37]

Each event has a core team who has received permission from Parkrun HQ and the location owner to stage the event. The individual roles are typically filled by different volunteers each week and include the following; a run director who manages the event making announcements and starting the run; a timer who records the time taken, marshals who direct runners to the correct route, barcode scanners who scan finishing tokens, event setup and close down volunteers, tail runners, pacers and result processors.[38]

According to Steve Flowers at the University of Kent’s business school Wikipedia and Parkrun are both examples of "people’s innovation", they’re driven by volunteers rather than professionals, they’re horizontal rather than hierarchical, and they’re not about making money. What drives the volunteers is a sense of purpose – to have fun, gain experience or just help.[39]

Events around the world

Parkrun is held in the 22 different countries listed below as of August 2018.[40]

Parkrun in Australia

The first Australian Parkrun event was held at Main Beach, on the Gold Coast, on 2 April 2011.[41] ABC News remarking on Parkrun Australia said "there are competitive runners aiming to win but there are just as many people running for the fun of it. If people want to race each other, that's fine, they can, but if you want to walk that is fine too. Everyone is welcome, from kids to grandparents, it's one of the few sporting events that a family can do together."[42]

Parkrun in South Africa

Parkrun was introduced to South Africa by ultramarathoner Bruce Fordyce, and the first Parkrun in South Africa took place at Delta Park in Johannesburg on 12 November 2011 with 26 participants. It is now one of the larger Parkruns regularly drawing up to 1200 runners per week and attracting tourists as the first one in South Africa.[43] The record attendance was at North Beach, Durban which saw 2527 runners on 20 Jan 2018.[44]

Parkrun in Ireland

The first run in Ireland was at Malahide Castle on 10 November 2012. The rollout of Parkruns in Ireland was assisted by funding from the government's Department of Health with the aim of empowering local communities and encouraging individuals and families to lead active lives.[45]

Parkrun in Poland

The first Polish Parkrun took place in Gdynia on 15 Oct 2011. Poland has the first Parkrun to cross the border of another country with Cieszyn Parkrun starting in Poland but crossing into the Czech Republic before returning to Poland.[46] The record attendance was at Gdansk Parkrun on 27 Dec 2015 when there were 1111 runners.[47]

Main events (5km)

CountryLocations Cite First event name First event city (if event not named after city) First event date
United Kingdom United Kingdom560 [48] [lower-alpha 1] Bushy Park London 2 October 2004
Australia Australia330 [49] Main Beach Gold Coast, Queensland 2 April 2011
South Africa South Africa156 [50] [lower-alpha 2] Delta Park Johannesburg 12 November 2011
Republic of Ireland Ireland80 [51] Malahide Castle Dublin 10 November 2012
Poland Poland57 [52] Gdynia 15 October 2011
Russia Russia51 [53] Kolomenskoe Moscow 1 March 2014
New Zealand New Zealand25 [54] Lower Hutt 5 May 2012
United States United States25 [55] Livonia, Michigan 2 June 2012
Canada Canada20 [56] Kelowna 20 August 2016
Italy Italy14 [57] Uditore Palermo 23 May 2015
Germany Germany10 [58] Georgengarten; Küchenholz & Neckarau Hannover, Leipzig & Mannheim 2 December 2017
France France8 [59] Les Dougnes Cubnezais 6 May 2015
Denmark Denmark7 [60] Amager Copenhagen 16 May 2009
Sweden Sweden7 [61] Hagaparken Stockholm 27 August 2016
Norway Norway4 [62] Tøyen Oslo 26 August 2017
Singapore Singapore3 [63] East Coast Park Singapore 21 June 2014
Finland Finland3 [64] Tampere 14 October 2017
Namibia Namibia2 [50] Swakopmund 8 April 2017
Swaziland Swaziland1 [50] Mbabane 6 May 2017
Jersey Jersey1 [48][65] Jersey Saint Brelade 26 September 2015
Guernsey Guernsey1 [48][66] Guernsey L'Ancresse 9 April 2016
Malaysia Malaysia1 [67] Taman Pudu Ulu Kuala Lumpur 14 April 2018

Junior events (2km)

These events are weekly, free, 2 km running events for runners aged 4 to 14, parents are allowed to run with their children but aren't eligible for a placed finish. Juniors who have completed 11, 21 or 50 junior runs are awarded a coloured wristband.

CountryLocationsCite First event location First event date
United Kingdom United Kingdom233[68] Bushy Park 1 April 2010
Republic of Ireland Ireland15[68] Rush, Dublin 13 December 2015
Australia Australia3[68] Southport, Queensland 22 April 2018

Festive events

Parkrunners are normally permitted to record only one run per day, even if they attend more than one. Over the festive season extra Parkruns are scheduled at different times of day and Parkrunners are allowed to record two runs. On New Year's Day 2017, a Sunday, globally there were 15,589 runners who completed a 'double'.[69]

General locations

Events take place in a range of general locations (that need not actually be a park), including city parks, country parks, national parks, stately homes, castles, forests, rivers, lakes, reservoirs, beaches, promenades, prisons,[70][71] racecourses and nature reserves. The runs have different degrees of difficulty, with hilly runs harder to complete than those that are flat. The running surface varies with many city park Parkruns being run on tarmac footpaths, closed roads, grass or a mixture of all three, while forest and country park Parkruns are more likely to be on trails. The weather affects the difficulty of the course with trail runs more liable to be affected by mud or leaves than runs on tarmac paths. Runs that take place in hotter countries often start early in the morning to avoid excess heat and runs in snowier climates have a course chosen to minimise the effect of the snow.

Parkrun tourism

Parkrun tourists[72][73] travel especially to seek out new runs. Runners, when they sign up on the Parkrun website, are asked to pick a "Home Parkrun", usually the one they live closest to and are likely to frequent most. Parkrun tourism is broadly defined as anyone travelling to a run that isn't their home Parkrun. Parkrun tourism can involve running in a neighbouring park, town, region or even country with some runners travelling to a different run every week. Tourism can take different forms for example running every Parkrun in London[74] or running a Parkrun starting with every letter of the alphabet[75] or running the first event of each new Parkun.[76]

Milestone clubs

The number of runs by each participant at all events is recorded and available online. When a runner reaches a certain number of runs they join one of the "Milestone clubs". There are five different clubs to which a runner can belong: the '10 Club' for runners aged 17 or below who have completed 10 or more runs, and the '50 Club', '100 Club', '250 Club' and '500 Club' for anyone who has completed that number of runs. Anyone in the world entering a 'club' is awarded a free colour coded T-shirt with a number on the back to represent the club they are in. The T-shirts are colour coded as follows; ten runs for white; fifty runs for red; one hundred runs for black; 250 runs for green, and 500 runs for a blue T-Shirt. There is also a purple T-shirt for those that have been a volunteer 25 times or more.

Parkrun challenges

Parkrun has also inspired enthusiasts to invent unofficial parkrun challenges based around parkruns, challenges include:

  • Parkrun tourist - run at 20 different parkrun locations
  • Cowell Club - run at 100 different parkrun locations, named after the first parkrunners to achieve this. A quarter Cowell is reached at 25, half at 50 and 3 quarter at 75
  • Alphabeteer - complete a parkrun starting with each letter of the alphabet (except X)
  • Stopwatch bingo - collect all seconds from '00' to '59' in your finishing time
  • Pirates! - complete 7 parkruns starting with 'C' and 1 starting with 'R'
  • Stayin' Alive - Run 3 B's and 3 G's
  • Compass Club - complete a parkrun at an event named after each of the 4 primary compass points
  • The Full Ponty - run at all 3 parkruns named Ponty or Ponte
  • Groundhog Day - run the same time at the same parkrun location in two consecutive weeks
  • Regionnaire - complete all the parkruns in a region

Running Challenges (https://running-challenges.co.uk/) has created an add-on to the parkrun results page through Firefox and Chrome so that anyone can monitor their progress in each of these challenges

Statistics

Global participation

Parkrun statistics are collected globally and locally for each country represented. As of 25 April 2018 the combined worldwide statistics for all events is as follows;[77]

  • There are 1451 different Parkruns
  • There have been 213,979 individual events
  • The total number of runners is 2,912,609
  • There have been 352,633 volunteers
  • There have been 34,259,260 completed runs
  • The total distance run is 166,738,961 kilometres (103,606,787 mi)
  • The total time run is 1,959yrs 83days 0hrs 39mins 29secs
  • The biggest attendance at any single run is: 2,526 (20 January 2018, 'North Beach Parkrun' in Durban, South Africa)[78].

Milestone clubs

As of 25 August 2018[79], the numbers in each milestone club are as follows. When a runner completes the next milestone, they are removed from the lower club, so there should, in theory, be no double counting in the figures shown here.

  • 50 Club (50–99 runs): 99,714
  • 100 Club (100–249 runs): 50,962
  • 250 Club (250–499 runs): 3,352
  • 500 Club (500+ runs): 26
  • 10 Club (juniors running from 10–49 of the main 5km runs): 86,531
  • 25 Volunteering events: 33,593

Individual running records

  • Female record holder (running): Hannah Walker (15:55, set at St Albans Parkrun on 27 July 2013),[80]
  • Male record holder (running): Andy Baddeley (13:48, set at Bushy Park Parkrun on 11 August 2012) [81]
  • Female record holder (running assisted): Elaine Sherwin (15:13, set at Kingsbury Water Parkrun on 11 February 2017 with a canicross dog ),[80]
  • Male record holder (running assisted): Ben Robinson (13:23, set at Penrose Parkrun on 12 August 2017 with a canicross dog) [80]
  • Female record holder (wheelchair): Lizzie Williams (15:27, set at Dulwich Parkrun)[82]
  • Male record holder (wheelchair): Danny Sidbury (12:12, set at Dulwich Parkrun on 19 March 2016) [83]
  • Age-graded record holder: Fauja Singh (179.04%, set when finishing Valentines Parkrun in 38:34 on 31 March 2012, the day before his 101st birthday)
  • Global record holder for highest number of runs (as of 21/07/2018) is Darren Wood with 677 runs[84]
  • Global record holder – highest number of different events (as of 21/07/2018)- Paul Fielding – 397 different Parkrun locations [85]

Junior Parkrun statistics

As of 23 January 2017, the combined worldwide statistics for all junior events was as follows:[86]

  • 143 locations
  • 9,035 events
  • 98,746 runners
  • 685,281 runs
  • 1,370,562 kilometres (851,628 mi) total run

Relations with local authorities

Most events are run with support from local authorities; a few isolated conflicts have received media coverage.

In September 2011, Cardiff City Council suspended the Parkrun after complaints that the pathway was completely blocked by runners, thus creating safety issues. The event was re-instated following further discussion with the council.[87]

Due to its policy of keeping its runs free to enter, Parkrun has refused to start events if the local council charges the organisers or runners.[88] In April 2016, the parish council in Stoke Gifford (a suburb of Bristol) voted to charge runners a fee to participate in the local Parkrun, to fund path maintenance.[89] The event had begun, with the council's permission, in Little Stoke Park in November 2012.[90] Despite support from the Sports Minister and an online petition, the council would not change its decision, so the remaining planned 2016 events were cancelled.[91] In April 2017 the British Government announced that local councils in England would not, in future, be allowed to charge free fun runs for the use of a public park.[92]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Tom Williams (6 January 2017). "We've only just begun". parkrun. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
  2. ↑ Kate Carter (25 April 2018). "Parkrun makes us fitter, but can it make us happier as well?". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
  3. ↑ https://www.parkrun.com/about/our-story/
  4. ↑ http://potchefstroomherald.co.za/41405/founder-parkrun-potchefstroom-40-years/
  5. ↑ https://mensrunninguk.co.uk/news/qa-parkrun-founder-paul-sinton-hewitt/
  6. ↑ http://potchefstroomherald.co.za/41405/founder-parkrun-potchefstroom-40-years/
  7. ↑ https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio/play/b04xjcmw
  8. ↑ http://www.parkrun.com/about/our-story/
  9. ↑ https://runbundle.com/interviews/paul-sinton-hewitt-parkrun-interview
  10. ↑ http://www.parkrun.com/about/our-story/
  11. ↑ https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/the-running-blog/2013/mar/11/parkrun-running-revolution-park
  12. ↑ http://www.parkrun.com/about/our-story/
  13. ↑ http://www.parkrun.com/about/our-story/
  14. ↑ https://www.wellawareuk.com/news/2017/12/13/spotlight-paul-sinton-hewitt
  15. ↑ https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/features/how-parkrun-became-a-global-phenomenon-the-free-activity-that-has-changed-millions-of-peoples-lives-a6788731.html
  16. ↑ https://www.irishnews.com/sport/athletics/insidetrack/2017/01/06/news/inside-track-parkrun-phenomenon-continues-to-spread-worldwide-867433/
  17. ↑ https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/parkrun-london-manchester-jonathan-liew-a8527916.html
  18. ↑ Bachman, Rachel (10 July 2017). "Parkrun Lovers Ask: Why Pay to Run a 5K?" – via www.wsj.com.
  19. ↑ "TimeOut – Bushy Park Time Trial". Archived from the original on 7 June 2011. Retrieved 21 April 2008.
  20. ↑ Phillips, Mitch. "Parkrun clubs mix world class and weekend warriors".
  21. ↑ Phillips, Mitch. "Grass-roots support pushes Parkrun to new heights".
  22. ↑ Brilliant, James (11 March 2013). "Parkrun, the running revolution coming soon to a park near you". the Guardian.
  23. ↑ Grant, Sheena. "parkrun's success in East Anglia keeps growing".
  24. 1 2 Clare Stevinson. "Understanding people's motivations for taking part in parkrun". National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine.
  25. ↑ Harrison, Linda (31 August 2012). "Parkrun: we're all record holders now" – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
  26. 1 2 Wallop, Harry (25 March 2013). "Parkrun: the running phenomenon sweeping the nation" – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
  27. 1 2 Bingham, John (11 June 2015). "Peak physique? Britain's 'gym bubble' bursts" – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
  28. ↑ Stevinson, C.; Hickson, M. (15 August 2013). "Exploring the public health potential of a mass community participation event". Journal of Public Health. 36 (2): 268–274. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdt082.
  29. ↑ Finn, Adharanand; Ramaswamy, Chitra; Jonze, Tim; Benedictus, Leo; Khaleeli, Homa (30 August 2016). "'We still come if the rain's sideways' – how Britain fell in love with outdoor fitness". the Guardian.
  30. ↑ Editorial (5 July 2015). "The Guardian view on the Olympic legacy: running out of steam – Editorial". the Guardian.
  31. ↑ https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/parkrun-london-manchester-jonathan-liew-a8527916.html
  32. ↑ https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/parkrun-london-manchester-jonathan-liew-a8527916.html
  33. ↑ Example from Durham parkun http://www.parkrun.org.uk/durham/news/2013/03/12/volunteer-roles/
  34. ↑ Bushy Parkrun volunteer information http://www.parkrun.org.uk/bushy/volunteer/
  35. ↑ Parkrun volunteer information Archived 13 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
  36. ↑ "Volunteering: All you need to know about volunteering at parkrun events". Parkrun. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
  37. ↑ https://issuu.com/parkrun/docs/parkrun_2017_issuu_v4.1 p.7
  38. ↑ http://www.parkrun.org.uk/durham/news/2013/03/12/volunteer-roles/
  39. ↑ Chakrabortty, Aditya (29 August 2018). "Forget profit. It's love and fun that drive innovation like Parkrun – Aditya Chakrabortty". the Guardian.
  40. ↑ http://www.parkrun.com/countries Parkrun country list
  41. ↑ "about us – parkrun Australia". www.parkrun.com.au.
  42. ↑ "Parkrun brings communities together, makes running fun". 29 December 2015.
  43. ↑ "1 700 runners turn up for Parkrun SA anniversary – Randburg Sun". 14 November 2017.
  44. ↑ "results – parkrun South Africa". www.parkrun.co.za.
  45. ↑ "Cork City gets its first 'parkrun' – HSE.ie".
  46. ↑ "Trasa – Cieszyn parkrun". www.parkrun.pl.
  47. ↑ "rezultaty – parkrun Polska". www.parkrun.pl.
  48. 1 2 3 "parkrun UK". Parkrun.
  49. ↑ "parkrun Australia". Parkrun.
  50. 1 2 3 "parkrun South Africa". Parkrun.
  51. ↑ "parkrun Ireland". Parkrun.
  52. ↑ "parkrun Poland". Parkrun.
  53. ↑ "parkrun Russia". Parkrun.
  54. ↑ "parkrun New Zealand". Parkrun.
  55. ↑ "parkrun USA". Parkrun.
  56. ↑ "parkrun Canada". Parkrun.
  57. ↑ "parkrun Italy". Parkrun.
  58. ↑ "parkrun Germany". Parkrun.
  59. ↑ "parkrun France". Parkrun.
  60. ↑ "parkrun Denmark". Parkrun.
  61. ↑ "parkrun Sweden". Parkrun.
  62. ↑ "parkrun Norway". Parkrun.
  63. ↑ "parkrun Singapore". Parkrun.
  64. ↑ "parkrun Finland". Parkrun.
  65. ↑ "Jersey parkrun – Weekly Free 5km Timed Run".
  66. ↑ "Guernsey parkrun – Weekly Free 5km Timed Run".
  67. ↑ "parkrun Malaysia".
  68. 1 2 3 "Junior parkrun". Parkrun.
  69. ↑ https://issuu.com/parkrun/docs/parkrun_2017_issuu_v4.1 p.5
  70. ↑ Amy Fenton (8 November 2017). "HMP Haverigg inmates went on the run this weekend". The Mail.
  71. ↑ Simon Doyle (18 December 2017). "Magilligan prisoners to get their own parkrun". The Irish News.
  72. ↑ "parkrun tourism: the running & travelling phenomenon – Fast Running". www.fastrunning.com.
  73. ↑ "Running is a global movement".
  74. ↑ "What We Learned Running Every Single London Parkrun". 24 January 2017.
  75. ↑ Yousif, Layth. "North Herts Road Runners on Tour".
  76. ↑ "Bez Valley runners join parkrun movement – Joburg East Express". 12 February 2018.
  77. ↑ "Welcome to parkrun". Parkrun. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  78. ↑ "results – parkrun South Africa". www.parkrun.co.za.
  79. ↑ "Our Clubs". Parkrun. Retrieved 25 August 2018.
  80. 1 2 3 "Course Records". Parkrun UK.
  81. ↑ "Course Records". Parkrun UK.
  82. ↑ "Dulwich parkrun Sub 20 Women". Parkrun UK. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  83. ↑ "Dulwich parkrun # 209 – 19/03/2016". Parkrun UK.
  84. ↑ "Parkrun – Our Clubs".
  85. ↑ "Parkrun – Our Clubs".
  86. ↑ "junior Parkrun". Parkrun UK. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
  87. ↑ "Weekly park running race banned by council on safety grounds". WalesOnline. 21 March 2013. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
  88. ↑ "How Parkrun became a global phenomenon". The Independent. 28 December 2015. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
  89. ↑ "Council votes to charge Parkrun for Little Stoke event". Retrieved 13 April 2016.
  90. ↑ "Little Stoke parkrun # 1 – 03/11/2012". Parkrun UK.
  91. ↑ "Minister backs free Parkrun after Stoke Gifford furore". BBC News. 21 April 2016. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
  92. ↑ "Ban on council park fun run fees proposed in England". BBC News. 15 April 2017.

Notes

  1. ↑ UK events currently also includes those for Jersey and Guernsey (which are not in the UK); the total for the UK has been reduced accordingly.
  2. ↑ South Africa events currently also include those for Namibia and Swaziland, the total for South Africa has been reduced accordingly.

Further reading

  • Bourne, Debra (2014). Parkrun: much more than just a run in the park. Chequered Flag Publishing. ISBN 9780956946072.
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