Ormiston

Ormiston
Mercat Cross in Main Street, Ormiston
Ormiston Show map of East Lothian Ormiston Ormiston shown within Scotland Show map of Scotland
OS grid reference	NT410691
Civil parish	Ormiston
Council area	East Lothian Council
Lieutenancy area	East Lothian
Country	Scotland
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	TRANENT
Postcode district	EH35
Dialling code	01875
Police	Scottish
Fire	Scottish
Ambulance	Scottish
EU Parliament	Scotland
UK Parliament	East Lothian
Scottish Parliament	East Lothian

Ormiston is a village in East Lothian, Scotland, near Tranent, Humbie, Pencaitland and Cranston, located on the north bank of the River Tyne at an elevation of about 276 ft.

The village was the first planned village in Scotland, founded in 1735 by John Cockburn (1685–1758), one of the initiators of the Agricultural Revolution.

Name

The word Ormiston is derived from a half mythical Anglian settler called Ormr, meaning 'serpent' or 'snake'. 'Ormres' family had possession of the land during the 12th and 13th centuries. Ormiston or 'Ormistoun' is not an uncommon surname, and Ormr also survives in some English placenames such as Ormskirk and Ormesby. The latter part of the name, formerly spelt 'toun', is likely to descend from its Northumbrian Old English and later Scots meaning as 'farmstead' or 'farm and outbuildings' rather than the meaning 'town'.

There was an "Ormiston" in Berwickshire, near Linton, where the legend of the Worm of Linton was related to land ownership by Lord Somerville and Lord Lindsay. The Cockburn family may have brought the name from the Berwickshire "Ormiston" to the East Lothian location in the 14th-century.

Design

The village consists mainly of a broad Main Street, with a row of mostly two storey houses along each side. It crosses two bridges, one over the now redundant railway route, and the other a narrow bridge over the river Tyne. Using strict guidelines for its appearance, John Cockburn put housing for artisans and cottage industries (spinning and weaving) around the original mill hamlet. When he did not achieve the expected return on his investment, he sold it to the Earl of Hopetoun in 1747. The linen trade became a failure, and by 1811 the distillery shut down. A brewery and one of Scotland's first bleachfields were also built here as well. Ormiston later became a mining village. The Ormiston Coal Company's workings were south of Tranent in East Lothian. The company was one of a number of small concerns working either a single or a few linked, small pits on the East Lothian coalfield. (^[1]).

Ormiston Coal Co. Ltd.

The principal collieries at Ormiston were:

• Limeylands (NT406695, 1 km west of the Mercat Cross), opened 1895, closed 1954, though the Coal Preparation Plant stayed in use until about October 1958.
• Tynemount (NT401686, 1.5 km west-south-west of the Mercat Cross), opened 1924, closed January 1952, but not formally abandoned until 1962.
• Oxenford No. 2 (NT393678, south-west of Tynemount), opened 1926, closed 1950.
• Oxenford No. 3 (NT393677), a new pit very close by, was opened by the National Coal Board, but closed in 1952.
• Winton Mine (NT421699), first provided for ventilation purposes in 1943, but developed as a mine by the National Coal Board in 1952, closed in 1962.
• Source 1: Industrial Locomotives of Scotland, Alan Bridges (ed.), Industrial Railway Society, Market Harborough, 1976, ISBN 0-901096-24-5
• Source 2: Scottish Collieries: An Inventory of the Scottish Coal Industry in the Nationalised Era, by Miles K. Oglethorpe, RCAHMS, Edinburgh, 2006, ISBN 978-1-902419-47-3.

Ormiston Hall

Ormiston Hall, prior to the fire which left it in ruins

Ormiston Hall lay to the south of the village. It was built for John Cockburn in 1745–48 and was later extended for the Earl of Hopetoun. It was added to on at least three occasions in the next 100 years. The Hall now lies in ruins following a fire during World War II^[2] with residential properties built in and around the grounds.

The remains of the pre-Reformation St Giles Parish Church can still be seen nearby. The Great Yew of Ormiston grows to the south of the hall site. It is a rare example of a layering yew-tree and, according to the Forestry Commission, is as much as 1,000 years old.^[3]

Shops in Ormiston

There are a number of shops in Ormiston. On the Main Street:

• The Co-op Store (The Co-operative)
• Post Office - at the end of 2011, the Post Office changed ownership and the new profile is as a grocery store with Post Office counter.

Elsewhere in the village:

• The Little Superstore

There are a number of small businesses operating from units in the Cockburn Halls, formerly the Miners' Welfare building.

Mercat Cross

The 15th-century pre-Reformation Mercat Cross on Main Street is unusual for its truly cruciform shape, with three modern steps and a railed enclosure. It is in the care of Historic Scotland.

Notable people

• Birthplace of the Scottish Congregationalist missionary Robert Moffat (1795-1883); a memorial is erected in his name. He was the father-in-law of David Livingstone, the medical missionary and explorer. His father was a custom house officer; the family of his mother, Ann Gardiner, had lived for several generations at Ormiston.^[4]
• The religious reformer and Protestant martyr George Wishart was captured in December 1545 by the Earl of Bothwell while hiding at Ormiston Hall.
• John Cockburn of Ormiston, Protestant laird, (d. 1583) and his brother, Ninian Cockburn, (d. 1579), political agent.
• John Cockburn of Ormiston (c1685-1758), landowner and agricultural reformer.
• Charles Maclaren, journalist and geologist, co-founded The Scotsman newspaper, and edited the 6th Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica
• Col. James Burd, hero of the French and Indian War and local Pennsylvania leader in the leadup to the American Revolution

Photo gallery

• 
  Ormiston Mercat Cross, Historic Scotland plaque
• 
  Ormiston Mercat Cross
• 
  Ormiston Yew, outside the town, one of Scotlands few ancient layering yews

See also

• List of places in East Lothian

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ormiston.