Order and Justice

Order and Justice
Tvarka ir teisingumas
Abbreviation TT
Chairman Remigijus Žemaitaitis
First Vice Chairman Kęstutis Bartkevičius
Vice Chairpeople Algimantas Dumbrava
Loreta Jakinevičienė
Vytautas Laurinaitis
Donatas Laurinavičius
Gediminas Onaitis
Vincas Plikaitis
Kęstutis Trečiokas
Egidijus Vilimas
Secretary General Almantas Petkus
Founded 9 March 2002[1]
Headquarters Gedimino pr. 10 / Totorių g. 1, Vilnius
Membership 12,043 (2018)[2]
Ideology Lithuanian nationalism[3]
National conservatism[4]
Social conservatism[5]
Right-wing populism[6]
Soft Euroscepticism[7]
Political position Right-wing[7][8] to far-right[9]
European affiliation Alliance for Direct Democracy in Europe
European Parliament group Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy
Colours Yellow and blue
Seimas
7 / 141
European Parliament
1 / 11
Municipal councils
87 / 1,524
Mayors
2 / 60
Website
http://www.tvarka.lt

Party Order and Justice (Lithuanian: Partija tvarka ir teisingumas, PTT), formerly the Liberal Democratic Party (Liberalų Demokratų Partija, LDP), is a right-wing[7][8] national-conservative[4] political party in Lithuania that self-identifies as 'left-of-centre'. It has eleven members in the Seimas, the unicameral Lithuanian parliament.

Formed as the 'Liberal Democratic Party' in 2002, the party achieved almost immediate success with the election of leader Rolandas Paksas as President of Lithuania within its first year. Paksas's impeachment led to the party reorganising itself as 'Order and Justice' to compete in the 2004 parliamentary election. Since then, it has been the fourth-largest party in the Seimas, and finished third in the elections to the European Parliament and to the presidency.

The party sits on the right, possesses a radical and anti-establishment identity, and is described as both socially conservative[5] and 'liberal', in line with its original identity.[10] Its support is strongest in the north-west Samogitia region.[5] The party's two MEPs sit in the Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy group in the European Parliament, with the party having previously belonged to the now-defunct Union for Europe of the Nations (UEN) and Europe of Freedom and Democracy (EFD) groups.

History

[11] United Nations Human Rights Committee, views on the situation of Human Rights in Lithuania, [12]

Early years

After being defeated in the leadership election for the Liberal Union, Rolandas Paksas founded the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) in 2002, taking with him 13 of his supporters from Liberal political group in the Seimas, making the party the fourth-largest party.[1] Paksas finished second in the first round of the presidential election on 22 December, with 19.7%: qualifying him for a run-off against incumbent President Valdas Adamkus.[1] For the run-off, Paksas represented a youthful alternative to the ageing candidate, adopting the slogan 'Vote for Change';[13] despite all the parties except the LDP backing Adamkus, he won across almost all of the country, with 54.7%.[1] The campaign was likened to the previous spring's French presidential election and Paksas to Jean-Marie Le Pen for his populism.[1] However, unlike Le Pen, the liberal Paksas immediately announced his support for Lithuania's ongoing process of accession to the European Union and NATO.[1]

In June, Paksas set about fighting political corruption that saw 700 public officials under the old administration acquire land illegally.[13] However, this was soon overshadowed by revelations in October that Paksas gave citizenship to, and heard requests for political favours from, Jurijus Borisovas, a Russian businessman that had donated $400,000 to Paksas's campaign, and that high-ranking members of Paksas's staff had connections to Russian criminal groups.[13] Although Paksas was found not to have been influenced by the criminals, his staff had been; Paksas offered that his six close advisers named in the report resign, but calls for Paksas himself to resign mounted.[13]

Paksas alleged that the parliamentary commission set up to investigate the claims was set up for political reasons, and refused to cooperate.[13] In response, the four other parties initiated impeachment proceedings. In December, the Constitutional Court ruled that granting citizenship to Borisovas was illegal and impeachable.[13] Despite this, Paksas remained popular with the public.[13] On 6 April 2004, the Seimas voted to impeach him and remove him from office on three counts with 86, 86, and 89 MPs voting to impeach, with 85 required.[14] Nonetheless, after his impeachment, he was tried in the criminal courts, and acquitted on all charges.[14] The Constitutional Court found that Paksas shall be precluded for life from being elected as President, as a member of the Seimas and some other high ranking official positions. Paksas complained against the lifetime duration of the impeachment and filed a complaint with the European Court of Human Rights (Strasbourg). In January 2011 the Court rendered his judgement in favor of Paksas. In spite of the Conventual obligation to fulfill Judgements of the Court and in spite of enforcement proceedings by the Council of Europe the Judgement of the European Court of Human Rights has not been fulfilled. In 2012 Paksas complained to the United Nations Human Rights Committee. In March 2014 the Committee found that the lifelong disqualification from political office violates the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. As of Aug.16.2018 the violations of Human Rights as found by the European Court of Human Rights and the UN Committee on Human Rights still persist.

Recovery

Another presidential election was scheduled to elect a replacement for Paksas. The LDP nominated Paksas, giving the people a referendum on his impeachment. Whilst his nomination was initially accepted, it was then thrown out by the Constitutional Court, leaving the LDP without a nominee in the election.[14] In the first election to the European Parliament, the LDP won 6.8% of the vote, and one seat.[14] The member of the European Parliament from the Lithuanian Liberal Democratic party was Rolandas Pavilionis, a former rector of Vilnius University.

Throughout Paksas's scandal and impeachment, the Liberal Democrats presented soft opposition to the governing centre-left coalition, alongside the united Liberal and Centre Union and Homeland Union. In the parliamentary election in October, the LDP formed a coalition called Coalition for Rolandas Paksas 'For Order and Justice' , which was successful in winning 11 seats. However, the centre-left coalition managed to hold on to power, thanks to a failure of the centre-right parties to agree to cooperate.[14]

Renaming and joining the government

The last congress of the party, held on 13 May 2006, declared, that the party had passed a difficult stage of its establishment successively, encouraging people of Lithuania to constantly oppose corruption and power misapplication in the country and changing the name of the party to 'Order and Justice'. The formal reason for changing the name was the fact that four different political groups used the word 'liberal' in their names. According to unofficial views of some party members, the new name mirrors the party's more conservative position than when it was founded in 2002.

In the 2007 municipal elections, although the party was disappointed with the general results, it won a plurality in Vilnius, and formed a coalition with the Social Democratic Party (LSDP) under mayor Juozas Imbrasas.[15] This is despite Law and Order members of the Seimas then supporting motions of no confidence in several LSDP cabinet members for handling of the privatisation of Alita.[15]

The Order and Justice Party ran in the 2008 election to the Seimas with a tactic of decontaminating Paksas, despite Paksas's inability to hold political office after his impeachment, and released a film that was shown in cinemas nationwide.[5] Aiming to greatly increase its number of seats and form the new government, the party saw its share of the vote increase only slightly, to 12.7%, and its number of seats increase by 4, to 15.[5] The dramatic doubling of the centre-right's share of seats allowed them to form a government: including three parties, but not Order and Justice.[5]

At the 2009 European elections, Order and Justice won two seats, up from one in 2004, coming third. After the election, they left the disbanding Union for Europe of the Nations (UEN), and joined the more eurosceptic Europe of Freedom and Democracy (EFD).

In May 2012, ahead of the October 2012 election, Order and Justice signed a pact with Labour and the Social Democrats to cooperate in any post-election negotiations.[16] Order and Justice joined government with these parties, which lasted up until 2016.

Following the 2014 European election, Order and Justice MEPs rejoined the EFD group in the European parliament, which was renamed Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy (EFDD) for the new parliamentary term.

Leaders

Notable members

Elections

Presidential elections

Parliamentary elections

  • 2004: 4th, with 11.4% of the vote and 11 seats (in a coalition with other minor political groups under the label For the Order and Justice /Už tvarką ir teisingumą /)
  • 2008: 4th, with 12.7% of the vote and 15 seats
  • 2012: 4th, with 7.31% of the vote and 11 seats

European Parliament elections

  • 2004: 6th, 6.8% of the vote and 1 seat (of 13).
  • 2009: 3rd, 11.9% of the vote and 2 seats (of 12).
  • 2014: 4th, 14.25% of the vote and 2 seats (of 11).

Footnotes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Krupavicius, Algis (December 2003). "Lithuania". European Journal of Political Research. 42 (7–8): 1010–20. doi:10.1111/j.0304-4130.2003.00128.x.
  2. ↑ [hhttp://www.tm.lt/dok/Lietuvos%20Respublikos%20politini%C5%B3%20partij%C5%B3%20s%C4%85ra%C5%A1as%202018-10-01.pdf]
  3. ↑ Lansford, Tom (2015), Political Handbook of the World 2015, CQ Press
  4. 1 2 Nordsieck, Wolfram (2016). "Lithuania". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 31 May 2018.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Jurkynas, Mindaugas (June 2009). "The parliamentary election in Lithuania, October 2008". Electoral Studies. 28 (2): 329–33. doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2009.02.001.
  6. ↑ Balcere, Ilze (2011), Comparing Populist Political Parties in the Baltic States and Western Europe (PDF), European Consortium for Political Research, pp. 5–6
  7. 1 2 3 Ivaldi, Gilles (2011), "The Populist Radical Right in European Elections 1979–2009", The Extreme Right in Europe: Current Trends and Perspectives, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, p. 19
  8. 1 2 Jurkynas, Mindaugas (2012), "Lithuania", Life in Post-Communist Eastern Europe After EU Membership, Routledge, p. 123
  9. ↑ Grigas, Agnia (2016), The Politics of Energy and Memory Between the Baltic States and Russia, Routledge, p. 27
  10. ↑ Krupavicius, Algis (December 2006). "Lithuania". European Journal of Political Research. 45 (7–8): 1166–81. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6765.2006.00673.x.
  11. ↑ CASE OF PAKSAS v. LITHUANIA (Application no. 34932/04)European Court of Human Rights
  12. ↑ CCPR/C/110/D2155/2012>
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Krupavicius, Algis (December 2004). "Lithuania". European Journal of Political Research. 43 (7–8): 1059–69. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6765.2004.00201.x.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 Krupavicius, Algis (December 2005). "Lithuania". European Journal of Political Research. 44 (7–8): 1086–101. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6765.2005.00273.x1.x.
  15. 1 2 Krupavicius, Algis (December 2008). "Lithuania". European Journal of Political Research. 47 (7–8): 1048–59. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6765.2008.00800.x.
  16. ↑ "Lithuania's three major opposition parties sign electoral agreement". 15 min. 25 May 2012. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
  17. ↑ "Gay parade goes off safely". Alfa.lt. Retrieved 2014-04-05.
  18. ↑ "MP Petras Gražulis: Let's chase gays and ambassadors out of Lithuania". 15min.lt. 2012-05-16. Retrieved 2014-04-05.
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