Old Burying Ground (Halifax, Nova Scotia)
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Nova Scotia | |
Details | |
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Established | 1749 |
Location | Halifax, Nova Scotia |
Country | Canada |
Coordinates | 44°38′36″N 63°34′22″W / 44.6434°N 63.5728°WCoordinates: 44°38′36″N 63°34′22″W / 44.6434°N 63.5728°W |
Type | Closed |
Owned by | St. Paul's Church (Halifax) |
No. of graves | 12,000+ |
Official name | Old Burying Ground National Historic Site of Canada |
Designated | 1991 |
Type | Provincially Registered Property |
Designated | 1988 |
The Old Burying Ground (also known as St. Paul's Church Cemetery) is a historic cemetery in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. It is located at the intersection of Barrington Street and Spring Garden Road in Downtown Halifax.
History
The Old Burying Ground was founded in 1749, the same year as the settlement, as the town's first burial ground. It was originally non-denominational and for several decades was the only burial place for all Haligonians. (The burial ground was also used by St. Matthew's United Church). In 1793 it was turned over to the Anglican St. Paul's Church. The cemetery was closed in 1844 and the Camp Hill Cemetery established for subsequent burials. The site steadily declined until the 1980s when it was restored and refurbished by the Old Burying Ground Foundation, which now maintains the site and employ tour guides to interpret the site in the summer. Ongoing restoration of the rare 18th century grave markers continues.
Over the decades some 12,000 people were interred in the Old Burial Ground. Today there are about 1,200 headstones, some having been lost and many others being buried with no headstone. Many notable residents are buried in the cemetery, including British Major General Robert Ross, who led the successful Washington Raid of 1814 and burned the White House before being killed in battle at Baltimore a few days later.
Commanders of three of the ships that served Governor Edward Cornwallis buried crew in unmarked graves: HMS Sphynx (1 crew), HMS Baltimore (1 crew) and HMS Albany (6 crew). HMS Sphynx was Cornwallis' own ship and the crew member was buried on the day his ship arrived in Halifax on 21 June 1749. HMS Albany was a 14-gun sloop commanded by Nova Scotia's senior naval officer, John Rous (1749–1753).[1]
There are four recorded Mi'kmaq buried in the burial ground, including a Mi'kmaw Chief Francis [Muir?].[2] There was also a "protestant indian" named John Tray, possibly from John Gorham's rangers.[3]
There are also 167 recorded Blacks buried in the graveyard, all with unmarked graves. (There is a grave marker, however, of the Huntingdonian Missionary who taught at the first school for Black students in Halifax, Reverend William Furmage.) Blacks arrived with New England Planters. During the arrival of the Planters, there were 54 Blacks in Halifax. 7 Blacks were buried in the cemetery from 1763–1775.[4] Black Nova Scotians also arrived in Halifax with Boston Loyalists after the evacuation of Boston in 1776. During this period, 18 Blacks were buried in the cemetery (1776–1782). Seventy-three free Black Nova Scotians (and no slaves) also arrived in Halifax with the New York Loyalists after evacuation from New York in 1783. Of the 73 Blacks who arrived from New York, there were 4 burials that happened during this time period. Rev. John Breynton reported that in 1783 he baptized 40 Blacks and buried many because of disease.[5] Between the years 1792–1817 there are no recorded burials of Black Nova Scotians. The largest number of burials happen in the 1820s (72 graves), presumably the graves of the 155 Black Refugees who arrived in Halifax during the War of 1812.[6][7]
The last erected and most prominent burial marker is the Welsford-Parker Monument, a Triumphal arch standing at the entrance to the cemetery commemorating British victory in the Crimean War. This is the first public monument built in Nova Scotia and is the fourth oldest war monument in Canada. It is also the only monument to the Crimean War in North America. The arch was built in 1860, 16 years after the cemetery had officially closed. The arch was built by George Lang and is named after two Haligonians, Major Augustus Frederick Welsford and Captain William Buck Carthew Augustus Parker. Both Nova Scotians died in the Battle of the Great Redan during the Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855). This monument was the last grave marker in the cemetery.
In 1938, the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts presented and dedicated a granite monument to Erasmus James Philipps, who is the earliest known settler of Nova Scotia (c. 1721) who was buried in the cemetery. He was also the founder of Freemasonry in present-day Canada (1737).[8]
The Old Burying Ground was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1991.[9] It had earlier been designated a Provincially Registered Property in 1988 under Nova Scotia's Heritage Property Act.[10]
Prominent tombstones
- Gov. Richard Philipps nephew Capt. Erasmus James Philipps monument, d.1760, unmarked grave, 40th Regiment of Foot, participated in the Battle of Grand Pré and the Cape Sable Campaign, Nova Scotia Council (1730-1760)
- Grave of Sir Thomas Ussher's wife, Eliza Ussher, d. 1835
- Grave of William Lawson's father and family
Notable interments
Founding of Halifax (1749–1776)
- William Paget (Shakespearean actor), d.1752, unmarked grave
- John Connor (mariner), d. 1757, involved in Attack at Mocodome
- Gov. Richard Philipps's nephew Capt. Erasmus James Philipps, d.1760, 40th Regiment of Foot, participated in the Battle of Grand Pré and the Cape Sable Campaign, Nova Scotia Council (1730-1760)
- Jonathan Belcher (jurist), d.1776, participated in the Burying of the Hatchet ceremony with Mi'kmaq in Halifax (1761)
- Abigail Belcher, wife of Jonathan Belcher[14]
- Catholic Priest Pierre Maillard was buried in the church yard.[16]
- Richard Bulkeley's wife, d. 1775[17]
- Jonathan Binney, d.1807, signed Peace Treaty with Mi'kmaq people (1761)
- Mary Morris, wife of Charles Morris (surveyor general)
- James Brenton
- Honourable William Nesbitt
- John Fillis (belonged to St. Matthew's)
- Priscilla Ball, d.10 May 1791, Black slave, unmarked grave[18][19]
- Mi'kmaw Chief Francis [Muis/ Muice], d.16 Feb. 1781, unmarked grave[20][21][22][23][24][25][26]
- Captain William Kensey (Kenzie, Kinsey), sloop Vulture (1753–1755), d. 30 April 1755, unmarked grave – he engaged in two naval battles to stop supplies going to the French, Mi'kmaw and Acadians; the battles were against La Margarite and another against the 'Nancy and Sally'[27][28][29][30]
Siege of Louisbourg (1745)
Many of those who first established Halifax arrived from Cape Breton, which the British of New England occupied since their Siege of Louisbourg (1745). The following participated in the Siege:
- Benjamin Green, d.1772, served on the first Nova Scotia Council in Halifax (1749); signed Treaty of 1752 with Mi'kmaq[31]
- Joseph Gerrish, d.1774; also wounded at the Battle of Grand Pre; signed Halifax Treaties with the Mi'kmaq
- Winckworth Tonge, d. 1792, also fought in Battle of Fort Beauséjour and Battle of the Plains of Abraham
- Joseph Fairbanks, d.1790 (St. Matthew's)
American Revolution
Military figures
- Hibbert Newton Binney, d. 1842, painter, Ensign, Royal Nova Scotia Volunteer Regiment;[38][39][40] son-in-law of John Creighton (judge)[41]
- Lt. John Stuart, d. 1835 71st Regiment of Foot, Fraser's Highlanders, son-in law of Dr James Boggs[44][45]
- Peter Etter, d. 1794, a loyalist who was friend of future President John Adams; son Peter Jr. fought with Joseph Gorham in the Royal Fencible American Regiment against the Eddy Rebellion; another son was Benjamin Etter[46][47]
- John F. T. Gschwind (died 1827), surgeon for Hessians; arrived in Halifax 1781[48]
- Charles Grant (military officer) (d.1785), 42nd Regiment of Foot - fought in the French and Indian War, Pontiac's War, and the American Revolution (New York and New Jersey campaign, the Philadelphia campaign, Battle of Stony Point, the Siege of Charleston, and the Siege of Yorktown), unmarked grave[49][50]
Boston Loyalists
The following were Loyalist refugees who settled in Halifax after they were banished from New York and Massachusetts. While most Loyalist came to the region from New York (over 66%), most of the Loyalists buried with grave markers are from Boston.[51] Reflective of the fate of many of the Loyalists, the grave of Edward Winslow (scholar) is inscribed: "his fortune suffered shipwreck in the storm of civil war." Part of the devastation of the war resulted from American family members having to choose sides. For example, the story of one American patriot listed below, Benjamin Kent. While in Boston he imprisoned his son-in-law Sampson Salter Blowers for being a Loyalist. Blowers and the rest of Kent's family (including his wife) escaped to Halifax (1776). After the war, Kent eventually moved to Halifax to be with his family, which included Chief Justice Blowers (1885). Both Blowers and Kent are buried in the Old Burying Ground.
- William Brattle, d. 1776,the Attorney General of Province of Massachusetts Bay; "wealthiest man in Boston", silversmith, owner of William Brattle House, unmarked grave[52][53][54][55]
- John Howe, d. 1835, father of Joseph Howe
- John Halliburton (surgeon), d.1808
- Loyalist Massachusetts Governor Thomas Hutchinson's brother Foster Hutchinson (judge), Sr., d. 1799,Chief Justice of Province of Massachusetts Bay,[67][68][69][70][71]
- Nova Scotia Gov. Paul Mascarene's grandchild Foster Hutchinson Jr., Chief Justice, d. 1815,[72][73][74][75][76]
- Chief Justice Sampson Salter Blowers, d.1842 - instrumental in ending slavery in Nova Scotia; son-in-law of Benjamin Kent
- Reverend William Furmage (Firmage) (died 1793), Huntingdonian Missionary to the Black Loyalists; established first school for Black students in Halifax (1786)[78][79][80][81][82][83][84]
- Rebecca Byles Almon, d. 1852, wife of William James Almon (surgeon, Battle of Bunker Hill); oldest child of Mather Byles[85][86]
- Governor Paul Mascarene's grandchild William Handfield Snelling, d. 1838[87][88]
- Benjamin Kent, American patriot, d. 1788, and his wife Elizabeth, d. 1802[68][89][90][91][92]
- Theophilus Lillie (d. 26 May 1776), unmarked grave[93][94][95]
- Byfield Lyde, (d. 1776) unmarked grave[96][97]
- John Lovell (loyalist) (d. 17 July 1778), unmarked grave[98][99]
- Christopher Minot (d. 1783), unmarked grave[100][101]
- George Brinley (d. 1809), unmarked grave[102]
- Jeremiah Dummer Rogers (d. 1784), unmarked grave[103][104]
- Archibald Cunningham (loyalist) (d. 1820), unmarked grave[105]
- Benning Wentworth (loyalist), d. 1808 provincial secretary of Nova Scotia[106]
- Capt. William Burton, 98th Regiment of Foot, d. 1817 (Boston)[107]
- Martha Howe, wife of John Howe, mother of Joseph Howe
- William Taylor, d. 1810, a Boston merchant; father of James Taylor (Nova Scotia politician)[47]
- Peter Lennox;
- Jonathan Sterns, d. 1798, killed by Attorney General Richard John Uniacke[108]
- Gilbert Stuart,
- Gregory Townsend[109]
- William Burton (merchant) (abt. 1748–1817)[110][111]
- Sylvia (d. 12 March 1824, age 70) black servant who resisted the American Privateers in the Raid on Lunenburg (1782)
New York Loyalists
- Bishop Charles Inglis' daughter Margaret (Inglis) Halliburton (and wife of Brenton Halliburton), advocated for education for Black Nova Scotians[47]
- Lawrence Hartshorne, d. 1822, a Quaker who was the chief assistant of John Clarkson (abolitionist) in helping the Black Nova Scotian Settlers emigrate to Sierra Leone (1792)[112][113][114]
- Jonathan Odell's daughter Lucy Anne
- Dr. James Boggs (surgeon) - Prince Edward's surgeon
French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1802)
During the French Revolutionary Wars, Prince Edward was stationed in Halifax and personally commemorated four military personnel who died while on duty in Halifax.
Prince Edward Commemorations
- Lt. Benjamin James, Royal Nova Scotia Regiment, died while trying to rescue those who died aboard HMS Tribune (1797);[120]
- Major Charles Domville, Royal Rifles, Dec. 1797, 7th Regiment (at Halifax from 1796 till 1799), Major 16 September 1795, d.January 1798.[121][122]
- Charles Thomas, H.M. 7th Royal Fusiliers regiment, died from friendly fire;[123][124] (son of Nathaniel Thomas, Loyalist)[125]
- James Brace Sutherland (c.1782 – September 25, 1798), son of Captain Andrew Sutherland; a midshipman who died in storm, age 16, in Halifax harbour on board HMS Prevoyante[126][127]
- Benjamin Etter – Prince Edward's honorary aide-de-camp
- Dr. James Boggs (surgeon) – Prince Edward's surgeon
Other
- Serg. John Catto Soldier Artificer Company and Mr. Mason of Halifax Garrison, d.1802[128]
- Lt. Col. Thomas Huxley (military officer)
- Major Thomas Fortye
Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815)
Battle of Trafalgar
- John Houlton Marshall's mother Mary (d.1813) and brother Benjamin (d. 1825), John's Portrait in Province House (Nova Scotia)
Peninsular War
- Sir Richard Westmacott's brother Architect John Westmacott, d. 1816; He was wounded in the Siege of Badajoz (1812); Richard reported to have created several marble mantles in Government House[129][130][131][132]
- Commodor Sir Thomas Ussher's wife Eliza Ussher, d. 1835, Thomas conveyed Napoleon Bonaparte into exile to Elba (1814).[133]
- Major James Butler, 62nd Regiment[134] He fought under the command of Sir Samuel Hulse in the Peninsular War[135][136]
- Lt. Col. Peter Waterhouse (military officer), d. 19 May 1823, 81st Regiment (plaque in St. Paul's), officiated as chief mourner was James Kempt[137][138][139] Major in 81st Foot 21 November 1811 (vice Milling) Service 1793–1815: Served in Peninsular War (east coast of Spain after the–Battle of Castalla and Siege of Tarragona (1813) August to December 1813, wounded at Dénia Died: Halifax, Nova Scotia 1823.[140] He fought with Kempt in the Battle of Maida and was wounded in action (1806).[141] The 1st / 81st took part in a brave but failed seaborne attack on the Castle of Denia but the Alicante expedition did little else to trouble the French that year. He got special mention by Rufane Shaw Donkin.[142]
War of 1812
- Robert Ross (British Army officer), d. 1814
- William Hughes, d. 1813, Master Shipwright, HM Dockyard; assisted Prince Edward in the design of St. George's Round Church[143][144]
- Sgt. Richard Smith, 104th (New Brunswick) Regiment of Foot; made the 600 men march from Fredericton, N.B., to Kingston, Ont. between February and April 1813; wounded five times in the Battle of Fort Erie, 1814[145][146][147]
- Lieut, Col. John-Fowell (J.F.) Goodridge, 62nd Regiment of Foot (Jan. 1768 – 12 Nov. 1819) – monument erected by the 62nd in his memory; buried his 2 year old in Halifax who died in fire[148][149]
- William Ross, d. 1822, Nova Scotia Fencibles; founder of Ross Farm, Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia, unmarked grave[150]
- Esther Rowlands (1777 – 28 February 1817), (5D) wife of Dr. David Rowlands, the surgeon for the Royal Naval Hospital at Halifax (plaque in St. Paul's church)[151][152][153][154][155][156]
Privateers
Battle of Waterloo
- Lt. Col James Fullarton, d. 1834, Battle of Waterloo
- Lt. Col. John Beckwith's (infant) siblings; lost his leg in the Battle of Waterloo
Military Officers (1816–1844)
- Charles Francis Norton d. 1835; son-in-law of Sir Colin Campbell; brother-in-law of writer Caroline Norton[162]
- Hon. William Cropton, d. 1838, (2C) 85th Infantry; Brother to Baron Crofton, The Crofton Baronetcy, of Mohill in the County of County Leitrim (Plaque in St. Paul's)[163]
- Commander John George Deware, HMS Rose. d. 1830
- John Thompson, Surgeon, HMS Saracen, d. 1818
- Serg William George, 74th (Highland) Regiment of Foot, d. 1828
- William Pepperell, Quarter Master of the 34th Regiment of Foot, d. 1837
- Elizabeth Pepperell, grand daughter of William Pepperell through marriage, d. 1775; wife of grandson William Pepperrell[77][164]
- Col Sgt. John Reilly, 64th (2nd Staffordshire) Regiment of Foot, d. 1842
- John Ross, R.N., d. 1844
- Lieut. Charles A. Ross, R.N., d. 1828
- Lieut. James Philips, RN, d. 1821
- Westmount, Capt. John 4 May 1816, Royal Staff Corps
Other
- John Gillespie, d. 1772, 1st President of North British Society[165]
- Ann Scott (died 1776), midwife, gravestone: "She will be greatly missed by the people of Halifax"
- William Bowie (merchant), d. 1819, (killed by Richard John Uniacke, Jr. in the last duel in Nova Scotia)[167]
- Hon James Fraser, d. 1822
- Rev. Roger Aitken (died 1825), missionary at Lunenburg for Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts (SPG),[168][169] St. John's Anglican Church (Lunenburg)
- John Lawson, d. 1828, father of William Lawson, first president of the Bank of Nova Scotia
- 2nd Elizabeth Lawson, d.1819, wife of John Lawson
- Peter McNab, namesake of McNabs Island
- Susan Cunard, wife of Samuel Cunard, d. 1828
- Brewer Alexander Keith's first wife Sarah Ann, d. 1832, and the first two children with his second wife[170]
- Hon Stedman Rawlins, Slave/ Plantation Owner; d. 1830, President of His Majesty's Council of the Island of St. Christopher
- Rev Archibald Gray, d. 1831, St. Matthew's United Church (Halifax) for 35 years
- John Albro, d.1839
- Jonathan Prescott's son Samuel Thomas Prescott, d. 1816 (St. Matthew's)
- Mary Welsford, mother of Parker Welsford (Welsford-Parker Monument)[171]
- Charles Morris (1759–1831)
- William Annand, father of William Annand
- Robert Collins (d. 26 March 1812) and his wife Sarah (Wisdom) Collins (d. 31 Jan. 1812), namesake of Collins Grove, Dartmouth[172]
- James Gautier[173]
- Honorable Charles Hill (jurist) d. 1825; brother-in-law of Thomas Cochran (Nova Scotia politician); director of the Shubenacadie Canal Company[174]
- John Thomas Twining, d. 1832, son of John Thomas Twining[175]
- Phoebe Perkins, d. 1820, wife of Rev. Cyrus Perkins, Rector of Annapolis, 1807–1817,[176][177][178][179][180]
Depictions in media
In Lucy Maud Montgomery's Anne of the Island, Anne moves to Kingsport (Halifax, Nova Scotia) on the mainland and enrols at Redmond (Dalhousie University).[181] She takes lodgings in an apartment that looks out over "Old St. John's Cemetery" – the Old Burying Ground:
They went in by the entrance gates, past the simple, massive, stone arch surmounted by the great lion of England.... They found themselves in a dim, cool, green place where winds were fond of purring. Up and down the long grassy aisles they wandered, reading the quaint, voluminous epitaphs, carved in an age that had more leisure than our own.[181]
The text goes into some depth about the gravestone carvings and styles:
Every citizen of Kingsport feels a thrill of possessive pride in Old St. John’s, for, if he be of any pretensions at all, he has an ancestor buried there, with a queer, crooked slab at his head, or else sprawling protectively over the grave, on which all the main facts of his history are recorded. For the most part no great art or skill was lavished on those old tombstones. The larger number are of roughly chiselled brown or gray native stone, and only in a few cases is there any attempt at ornamentation. Some are adorned with skull and cross-bones, and this grizzly decoration is frequently coupled with a cherub’s head. Many are prostrate and in ruins. Into almost all Time’s tooth has been gnawing, until some inscriptions have been completely effaced, and others can only be deciphered with difficulty. The graveyard is very full and very bowery, for it is surrounded and intersected by rows of elms and willows, beneath whose shade the sleepers must lie very dreamlessly, forever crooned to by the winds and leaves over them, and quite undisturbed by the clamor of traffic just beyond.[181]
See also
References
- ↑ Burials until 1799
- ↑ St. Paul's Cemetery/ Old Burial Ground records (as transcribed in the Death, Burials & Probate of Nova Scotians)
- ↑ https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/MCR/article/view/17948/22017#re55no55
- ↑ 1763 Census indicates 54 Blacks in Nova Scotia.
- ↑ pp. 71–72
- ↑ St. Paul's Cemetery/ Old Burial Ground records (as transcribed in the Death, Burials & Probate of Nova Scotians
- ↑ C. B. Fergusson, "A Documentary Study of the Establishment of the Negroes in Nova Scotia Between the War of 1812 and the Winning of Responsible Government, "Public Archives of Nova Scotia, Halifax, Publication no. 8,1948, p. 1.
- ↑ https://skirret.com/papers/canada/erasmus_james_phillips.html
- ↑ Old Burying Ground National Historic Site of Canada. Canadian Register of Historic Places. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
- ↑ Old Burying Ground. Canadian Register of Historic Places. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
- 1 2 "Acadiensis; a quarterly devoted to the interests of the maritime provinces of Canada". archive.org. p. 74. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- 1 2 Bromley, J.; Bromley, D. (2015). Wellington's Men Remembered Volume 2: A Register of Memorials to Soldiers who Fought in the Peninsular War and at Waterloo- Volume II: M to Z. 2. Pen & Sword Books Limited. p. 296. ISBN 9781473857698. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ Holder, Jean. Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1749-1768. St. Paul's Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia. Genealogical Association of Nova Scotia. Halifax, 1983, p. 30
- ↑ A sermon occasioned by the death of the Honorable Abigail Belcher, late consort of Jonathan Belcher, esq . . . delivered at Halifax . . . October 20, 1771 (Boston, Mass., 1772);
- ↑ https://archive.org/stream/collectionsofnov16novauoft#page/n242/mode/1up
- ↑ "Collections of the Nova Scotia Historical Society Vol. 1, p. 44". archive.org. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ The location of both Charles Morris and Richard Bulkeley are unknown. Both Charles Morris and Richard Bulkeley have wives buried in the burial ground but they are not. Given the stature of both men, if they had tombstones, they would have been prominent. They both have a hatchment in the church. Given that everyone else who has a hatchment is buried in the church, the assumption is made Morris and Bulkeley are buried in the church. While a display inside the St. Paul's Church (Halifax) states that Bulkeley is buried in the crypt, according to J. Philip McAleer, author of A pictorial history of St. Paul's Anglican Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia, the evidence that Bulkeley was buried in the church is circumstantial. This circumstantial evidence rests on the fact that he helped establish the church and was an active member in it for 51 years. Also Bulkeley is reported to have had the largest funeral ceremony ever to be in Halifax up to that date. Further, his wife Mary Rous has a headstone in the St Paul's Church Cemetery, while Bulkeley does not. Rev Hill, however reports that Bulkeley's grave is marked by a rude stone in St. Paul's Church cemetery, presumably close to the gravestone of his wife Mary Rous. (See Collections of the Nova Scotia Historical Society, Vol. 2, p. 69)
- ↑ Julien Gwyn. Female Litigants before the Civil Courts of Nova Scotia, p. 341
- ↑ St. Paul Cemetery Burial Records
- ↑ (Signed at Halifax, 9 November 1761, by Jonathan Belcher, President of His Majesty's Council and Francis Muis, Chief of the La Have and witnessed by "P. Maillard, Priest missionnary of indians." (See Treaty
- ↑ St. Paul Cemetery Burial Records
- ↑ NSARM RG-1, v. 188, "August 22, Nova Scotia Council Minutes" pp. 406–07, in Donald Marshall Jr. Defence Document Books, vol. 6, doc. 152; NSARM, RG-1 v. 430, doc. 21, sigogne to Sherbrooke, 1812-05-09", p.2 in R v. Donald Marshall Jr. Defence Document Books, vol. 8, doc 212
- ↑ Another possibility is Chief Francis Alexis who is referenced in a 1771 document. A Chief Francis Jeremiah also signed the 1752 Treaty.
- ↑ The Mi'kmaq Nation and the Embodiment of Political Ideologies. SMU thesis.
- ↑ See the Nova Scotia Chronicle and Weekly Advertiser and Halifax Journal. Feb. 1781 (mic 7013)
- ↑ Letter from Sigogne to John Cope Sherbrooke regarding Muis-Belcher Treaty, Maillard, the Mi'kmaq "Peace-Dance and ceremony of burying of war weapons"
- ↑ Keith Mercer
- ↑ The Whitehall Evening Post Or London Intelligencer: 1755. 18. Jan. – 1. Jan
- ↑ The gentleman's magazine, Volume 25
- ↑ p. 274
- ↑ A sermon, occasioned by the death of Mrs. Margaret Green; consort of the late Honourable Benjamin Green, esq; delivered at Halifax, in the province of Nova-Scotia, February 1st, 1778 (Halifax, [1778?]).
- ↑ p. 264
- ↑ Biographical Sketches of Loyalists of the American Revolution, Volume 3 By Lorenzo Sabine, pp. 320-321
- ↑ "Letter from David Phips to Colonel Jonathan Snelling regarding escort of Governor Hutchinson to Harvard Commencement, 1773 July 12 · Colonial North America Project at Harvard". colonialnorthamerica.library.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2018-02-06.
- ↑ p.86
- ↑ "The American loyalists : or, Biographical sketches of adherents to the British crown in the war of the revolution, alphabetically arranged, with a preliminary historical essay". archive.org. p. 625. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ p. 19
- ↑ "Collections of the Nova Scotia Historical Society – image of brother Stephen Hall Binney". archive.org. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ "Hon. Hibbert Newton Binney". gwydir.demon.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ Public Archives of Nova Scotia, RG 20A, Volume 2, No. 1784–24
- ↑ Beck, J. Murray (1983). "Creighton, John". In Halpenny, Francess G. Dictionary of Canadian Biography. V (1801–1820) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
- ↑ https://archive.org/stream/genealogyofbinne00binn#page/70/mode/1up/search/packet
- ↑ Note Stephen Hall's older brother was also named Stephen Hall Binney (1749-1760), but he lived in Boston and died two days after his younger brother Stephen Hall was born in Halifax. The older brother Stephen is buried in King's Chapel, Boston.
- ↑ p. 16
- ↑ The United Service Magazine, Part 2
- 1 2 "Biography – ETTER, BENJAMIN – Volume VI (1821-1835) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography". biographi.ca. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- 1 2 3 4 Loyalists in the Old Burying Ground
- ↑ Marble, A.E. (1997). Surgeons, Smallpox and the Poor: A History of Medicine and Social Conditions in Nova Scotia, 1749–1799. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 142. ISBN 9780773516397. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ "Charles Grant (1741–1785) – Find A Grave Memorial". 66.43.22.135. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ http://smithrebellion1765.com/?page_id=77
- ↑ Loyalism in New York, p. 176
- ↑ "The American loyalists : or, Biographical sketches of adherents to the British crown in the war of the revolution, alphabetically arranged, with a preliminary historical essay". archive.org. p. 174. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ Shipton, C.K. (1995). New England Life in the Eighteenth Century: Representative Biographies from Sibley's Harvard Graduates. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. p. 198. ISBN 9780674612518. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ "William Brattle, born 18 Apr 1706, chr. 21 Apr 1706, died Oct 1776". freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ "MAJ William Brattle (1706 - 1776) - Find A Grave Memorial". 66.43.22.135. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ "James Murray (1713 - 1781) - Find A Grave Memorial". 66.43.22.135. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ James Murray (1713–1781) Letters of James Murray, Loyalist. There is also a Jacob Murray buried 1781.
- ↑ "James Murray (1713 - 1781) - Find A Grave Memorial". 66.43.22.135. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ "Murray, James | NCpedia – Dictionary of North Carolina Biography". ncpedia.org. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ "The American loyalists : or, Biographical sketches of adherents to the British crown in the war of the revolution, alphabetically arranged, with a preliminary historical essay". archive.org. p. 711. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ "Edward Winslow (1714 - 1784) - Find A Grave Memorial". 66.43.22.135. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ Father of Edward Winslow (loyalist) who was one of the founders of New Brunswick; his former home now belongs to the Mayflower House Museum
- ↑ Winslow's tombstone is inscribed in part "his fortune suffered shipwreck in the storm of civil war", the "civil war" being the American Revolution, American Patriots fighting American Loyalists.
- ↑ "Chapters in the history of Halifax, Nova Scotia: Rhode Island Settlers in Hants County, Nova Scotia: Alexander McNutt the Colonizer". archive.org. p. 786. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- 1 2 "Winslow memorial : family records of the Winslows and their descendants in America, with the English ancestry as far as known. Kenelm Winslow ..." archive.org. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ "Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society". archive.org. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ There were four judges of the Superior Court in Massachusetts at the time of the revolution. Foster Sr. was among the four judges who were Loyalists. See American Loyalists, p. 491
- 1 2 Adams, J. (1965). Legal Papers of John Adams. 1. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ Hutchinson, T. (2010). The Diary and Letters of His Excellency Thomas Hutchinson. 1. Applewood Books. p. 342. ISBN 9781429022996. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ "Foster Hutchinson ( - 1799) - Find A Grave Memorial". 66.43.22.135. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ "The American loyalists : or, Biographical sketches of adherents to the British crown in the war of the revolution, alphabetically arranged, with a preliminary historical essay". archive.org. p. 376. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ grandchild of Mass. Gov. Thomas Hutchinson (governor); son Hon Foster Hutchinson Sr. d. 1799; decedent of Anne Hutchinson
- ↑ Nichols, J. (1816). Gentleman's Magazine and Historical Chronicle. E. Cave. p. 179. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ "The Loyalists of Massachusetts and the other side of the American Revolution". archive.org. p. 177. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ Another Grandchild of NS Gov. Paul Mascarene was William Handfield Snelling
- ↑ Nova Scotia. Courts; Congdon, F.T. (1890). A Digest of the Nova Scotia Common Law, Equity, Vice-admiralty and Election Reports: With Notes of Many Unreported Cases and of Cases Appealed to the Privy Council and Supreme Court of Canada from Nova Scotia. Containing Also Rules of Court, and an Index of the Imperial, Dominion and Nova Scotia Statutes, Referred to in the Reports, with the Notes and Comments Thereon. Carswell. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- 1 2 "The life of Sir William Pepperrell, bart., the only native of New England who was created a baronet during our connection with the mother country". archive.org. p. 338. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ According to a 1767 return, there were 54 Blacks in Halifax and area (See Archives)According to a 1783 report, 73 Blacks arrived in Halifax from New York. (Whitfield, p. 43) Of the 4007 Blacks that came to Nova Scotia in 1783, 69% (2775) were free, 35% (1423) were former British soldiers and 31% (1232) were slaves. While 41 slaves were sent to Dartmouth, none were sent to Halifax (Pachai, p.11-12). 550 Jamaican Maroons lived in Halifax for four years (1796-1800) (Pachai, p.21). A return in December 1816 indicates there were 155 Blacks who migrated to Halifax during the War of 1812 (see Pachai, p. 23)
- ↑ The school for Black students was the only charitable school in Halifax for the next 26 years. Whites were not allowed to attend. (See Griffith)
- ↑ pp. 71-72
- ↑ https://archive.org/details/cihm_20697
- ↑ History of Methodism, p. 174
- ↑ Jack C. Whytock. The Huntingdonian Missionaries to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, c. 1785-1792
- ↑ Jack C. Whytock. Historical Papers 2003: Canadian Society of Church History. Edited by Bruce L. Guenther, p.154. (pdf on line)
- ↑ "Rebecca "Becca" Byles Almon (1762 - 1853) - Find A Grave Memorial". 66.43.22.135. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ "Biography – ALMON, WILLIAM JAMES – Volume V (1801-1820) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography". biographi.ca. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ Deputy Commissary General at Halifax
- ↑ Nova Scotia Historical Society, Halifax (1891). Collections of the Nova Scotia Historical Society. Nova Scotia Historical Society. p. 226. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ "The American loyalists : or, Biographical sketches of adherents to the British crown in the war of the revolution, alphabetically arranged, with a preliminary historical essay – Benjamin Kent". archive.org. p. 409. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ "Boston 1775: Benjamin Kent". boston1775.blogspot.ca. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ "To John Adams from Benjamin Kent, 23 September 1774". founders.archives.gov. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ graduate of harvard 1727; attorney general; 1776–1780 at Suffolk
- ↑ http://www.revolutionarycharacters.org/theophilus-lillie/
- ↑ https://archive.org/stream/1913t19chaptersinhistor00eatouoft#page/312/mode/1up
- ↑ p. 184
- ↑ The Loyalists of Nova Scotia
- ↑ https://archive.org/stream/1913t19chaptersinhistor00eatouoft#page/312/mode/1up
- ↑ https://archive.org/stream/1913t19chaptersinhistor00eatouoft#page/312/mode/1up
- ↑ p. 120
- ↑ https://archive.org/stream/1913t19chaptersinhistor00eatouoft#page/312/mode/1up
- ↑ p. 17
- ↑ https://archive.org/stream/1913t19chaptersinhistor00eatouoft#page/312/mode/1up
- ↑ p. 232
- ↑ https://archive.org/stream/1913t19chaptersinhistor00eatouoft#page/312/mode/1up
- ↑ https://archive.org/stream/1913t19chaptersinhistor00eatouoft#page/312/mode/1up
- ↑ https://archive.org/stream/1913t19chaptersinhistor00eatouoft#page/315/mode/1up
- ↑ "William Burton (1748–1817) | WikiTree: The FREE Family Tree". wikitree.com. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ https://archive.org/stream/1913t19chaptersinhistor00eatouoft#page/314/mode/1up
- ↑ "The American loyalists : or, Biographical sketches of adherents to the British crown in the war of the revolution, alphabetically arranged, with a preliminary historical essay". archive.org. p. 650. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ "William Burton (1748–1817) | WikiTree: The FREE Family Tree". wikitree.com. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ "The American loyalists : or, Biographical sketches of adherents to the British crown in the war of the revolution, alphabetically arranged, with a preliminary historical essay". archive.org. p. 186. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ Canadian Biography Also see Hartshorne's portrait by Robert Field (painter)
- ↑ "Lawrence Hartshorne (1755 - 1822) - Find A Grave Memorial". 66.43.22.135. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ Book of Negros - Hawshorne
- ↑ "Biography – DEBLOIS, SARAH – Volume VI (1821–1835) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography". biographi.ca. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ p.40
- ↑ Letters by Boggs
- ↑ "Annals, North British Society, Halifax, Nova Scotia : with portraits and biographical notes, 1768–1903". archive.org. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ "The American loyalists : or, Biographical sketches of adherents to the British crown in the war of the revolution, alphabetically arranged, with a preliminary historical essay | Geddes – Loyalist". archive.org. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ "History of the county of Annapolis. p. 350". ourroots.ca. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ https://www.myheritage.com/research/record-90100-404183050/the-nova-scotia-calender-or-an-almanack
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=YbagAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA114&lpg=PA114&dq=Major+Charles+Domville+7th+regiment&source=bl&ots=Ue4CQwVRM3&sig=DqQ0khyqpLojO8v7GvRSTSdbbw0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjy_aiVwYfVAhXJ2D4KHUvIAGUQ6AEIODAD#v=onepage&q=Major%20Charles%20Domville%207th%20regiment&f=false
- ↑ Prince Edward was his commander and etched on his stone: "This Stone Sacred to the Memory of Lieut. Chales Thomas of His Majesty's Royal Fusilier Regiment who departed this Life on the 16 August 1797, Aged 24 years; is placed as a Testimony of His Friendship and Esteem by Lieut. General His Royal Highness Prince Edward his Colonel."
- ↑ Halifax Acadian Recorder, April 15, 1920
- ↑ http://www.uelac.org/events/Loyalists-Old-Burying-Ground-Halifax-by-Brian-McConnell-Jan-2016.pdf
- ↑ Clarke, J.S.; Jones, S.; Jones, J. (1799). The Naval Chronicle. 1. J. Gold. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ "James Brace Sutherland (d. 1798)". threedecks.org. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ "History of the Royal Sappers and Miners [microform] : from the formation of the corps in March 1772 to the date when its designation was changed to that of Royal Engineers in October 1856". archive.org. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ "Westmacott, Capt. John | Biographical Dictionary of Architects in Canada". dictionaryofarchitectsincanada.org. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ The Gentleman's Magazine. 119. 1816. p. 566. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ True Stories from Nova Scotia's Past By Dianne Marshall
- ↑ Harris. The Church of St. Paul in Halifax, p. 230
- ↑ "Captain Sir Thomas Ussher (1779–1848) | Art UKArt UK | Discover Artworks Captain Sir Thomas Ussher (1779–1848)". artuk.org. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ Acadian Recorder 12 September 1818 Vol. 6 No. 37, p. 3
- ↑ A List of the Officers of the Army and of the Corps of Royal Marines By Great Britain. War Office, p. 230
- ↑ Army List 1818 September, p. 36
- ↑ http://www.napoleon-series.org/military/organization/Britain/Infantry/Regiments/81stFoot.pdf
- ↑ "Acadiensis; a quarterly devoted to the interests of the maritime provinces of Canada". archive.org. p. 71. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=7EIIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA144&lpg=PA144&dq=waterhouse+81st+regiment&source=bl&ots=wtR7YHKgW6&sig=HlCCMzv7BoNt3uhTEq3l1VxQdOQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjLvsLx963UAhXKVD4KHdGMDzoQ6AEIQDAE#v=onepage&q=waterhouse%2081st%20regiment&f=false
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=gw4ZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA106&lpg=PA106&dq=%22major+waterhouse%22+81st+regiment&source=bl&ots=FiuEZp9yR3&sig=2LTesgaCZcKL-xMWG8Q7ENSkJZs&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjlmrP7kInVAhWE4D4KHWgiD10Q6AEIJzAB#v=onepage&q=%22major%20waterhouse%22%2081st%20regiment&f=false
- ↑ p. 42
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=gw4ZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA106&lpg=PA106&dq=%22major+waterhouse%22+81st+regiment&source=bl&ots=FiuEZp9yR3&sig=2LTesgaCZcKL-xMWG8Q7ENSkJZs&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjlmrP7kInVAhWE4D4KHWgiD10Q6AEIJzAB#v=onepage&q=%20waterhouse&f=false
- ↑ http://dictionaryofarchitectsincanada.org/node/1967
- ↑ "The Naval Chronicle, for 1813: Containing a General and Biographical History of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom; with a Variety of Original Papers on Nautical Subjects. Under the Guidance of Several Literary and Professional Men. Vol. XXIX. (from January to June.)". archive.org. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ "Richard Smith 104th Regiment of Foot | Graveside Project". 1812veterans.ca. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ "Two tough War of 1812 vets to be lauded at Halifax cemetery | The Chronicle Herald". thechronicleherald.ca. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ "The 104th (New Brunswick) Regiment of Foot in the War of 1812 John R. Grodzinski". gooselane.com. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ Burke, J. (1838). A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland, Enjoying Territorial Possessions Or High Official Rank: But Uninvested with Heritable Honours. 4. Henry Colburn. p. 435. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ "The Royal military calendar, or Army service and commission book. Containing the services and progress of promotion of the generals, lieutenant-generals, major-generals, colonels, lieutenant-colonels, and majors of the army, according to seniority: with details of the principal military events of the last century". archive.org. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ "History of the county of Lunenburg". archive.org. p. 325. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ "The Naval chronicle : containing a general and biographical history of the royal navy of the United kingdom with a variety of original papers on nautical subjects". archive.org. p. 440. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ "The Naval chronicle : containing a general and biographical history of the royal navy of the United kingdom with a variety of original papers on nautical subjects | To Dr Rowlands, On the death of his wife, Naval Chronicle, Vol. 37, p. 497". archive.org. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ The Gentleman's Magazine. 121. 1817. p. 472. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ Ashore and Afloat: The British Navy and the Halifax Naval Yard Before 1820 By Julian Gwyn, pp. 50–53
- ↑ Medical Times. 13. J. Angerstein Carfrae. 1846. p. 320. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ Esther Rowlands also has a plaque in St. Paul's Church
- ↑ Deborah Trask. Putting the War of 1812 to Rest. Royal Nova Scotia Historical Society Journal. Vol. 18, 2015, p.49
- ↑ James Orde
- ↑ Portrait of James Orde
- ↑ Orde's obituary
- ↑ (99th Regiment, 1811–18: Nova Scotia, New Brunswick.); JOHNSON THORNHILL Born TEMPEMORE, Tipperary Served in 99th Foot Regiment
- ↑ p. 79 - Plaque in St. Paul's Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia
- ↑ https://novascotia.ca/archives/newspapers/archives.asp?ID=2061&Page=201118293&Language=
- ↑ "The Pepperrells in America". archive.org. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ "Annals, North British Society, Halifax, Nova Scotia : with portraits and biographical notes, 1768-1903". archive.org. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ "Cochran-Inglis family of Halifax by Eaton, Arthur Wentworth Hamilton, 1899". archive.org. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ "Annals, North British Society, Halifax, Nova Scotia : with portraits and biographical notes, 1768-1903 | Image and Bio of Bowie". archive.org. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ DesBrisay, M.B. (1895). History of the County of Lunenburg. W. Briggs. p. 86. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ Note he was the grandfather of Charles Aitkens (see here)
- ↑ Note both children are also named on their father's grave stone in Camp Hill Cemetery.
- ↑ "Inauguration of the Welsford and Parker Monument at Halifax, on Tuesday, 17th July, 1860 [microform] : committee, H. Pryor ... [et al.]". archive.org. p. 16. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ "Untitled". brookhousepress.ca. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ Nova Scotia Historical Society, Halifax (1891). Collections of the Nova Scotia Historical Society. Nova Scotia Historical Society. pp. 1–152. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ "Biography – HILL, CHARLES – Volume VI (1821–1835) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography". biographi.ca. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ "Biography – TWINING, JOHN THOMAS – Volume VIII (1851–1860) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography". biographi.ca. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ Rev. Perkins was born at Horton, Nova Scotia and studied at Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia to become a missionary for the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. He died inTorbay, Devon, England. (See Nova Scotia Archives
- ↑ "A Geography and History of the County of Digby, Nova Scotia". archive.org. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
- ↑ p. 45)
- ↑ Perkins portrait
- ↑ Rev. Cyrus biographical description
- 1 2 3 "Anne of the Island, by Lucy Maud Montgomery". www.gutenberg.org. Retrieved 2016-11-20.
External links
- Memorials at St. Paul's Church. Acadiensis. Vol. 5, p. 57
- The (Old St. Paul's) Burying Ground
- Halifax's Old Burying Ground
- Old Burying Ground Foundation
- List of People buried in cemetery
- Finda a Grave – list of gravesite with photos
- Honours Thesis. St. Mary's University
- Loyalists in the Old Burying Ground
- Nova Scotia Museum
- Loyalists that left Boston for Halifax