Nigerian general election, 2007

Nigerian presidential election, 2007

21 April 2007

Nominee Umaru Yar'Adua Muhammadu Buhari Party PDP ANPP Running mate Goodluck Jonathan Edwin Ume-Ezeoke Popular vote 24,638,063 6,605,299 Percentage 69.82% 18.72%

President before election Olusegun Obasanjo PDP Elected President Umaru Yar'Adua PDP

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The Nigerian general elections of 2007 were held on 14 April and 21 April 2007.^[1] Governorship and State Assembly elections were held on 14 April, while the Presidential and National Assembly elections were held a week later on 21 April. Umaru Yar'Adua won the highly controversial election for the ruling People's Democratic Party (PDP) and was sworn in on 29 May. Election observers from the European Union described the elections as "the worst they had ever seen anywhere in the world", with "rampant vote rigging, violence, theft of ballot boxes and intimidation." ^[2]

Background

On May 16, 2006 the Nigerian Senate voted to block a constitutional amendment which would have allowed its president to serve more than two terms in office.^[3] President Olusegun Obasanjo thus could not pursue a third term. Additionally he was unsupported by Atiku Abubakar, his vice-president. Presidential candidates were announced in late December 2006, and 50,000 assault rifles were ordered to help the military maintain order during the election.^[4] Umaru Yar'Adua contested the election for the ruling People's Democratic Party (PDP), and the opposition All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP) chose Muhammadu Buhari.^[5] Atiku Abubakar, the current Vice-President, announced on 25 November 2006 that he would contest the election,^[6] and he subsequently became the presidential candidate of the Action Congress in December.^[7]

States and governors

The PDP controls 28 of the 36 states, but the largest city, Lagos, has been in the hands of the Alliance for the Democracy (AD) since 1999.

Abubakar eligibility

The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) declared Abubakar ineligible to run due to fraud charges. A High Court had ruled that the commission could not disqualify candidates, but INEC claimed that the constitution barred candidates from running if indicted. Another superior court, the Court of Appeal, ruled in favour of the Electoral Commission by saying that it has powers to disqualify candidates. Abubakar attempted to get on the ballot via court challenge. In a case that came before the apex court, the court ruled that INEC has no constitutional powers to disqualify any candidates for the election, clearing the way for Abubakar to run. The Supreme Court, the country's highest judicial body, confirmed this ruling and reaffirmed Abubakar's candidacy.^[8]

Adebayo Adefarati, the candidate of the small Alliance for Democracy, died shortly before the election on 29 March 2007. This raised the possibility of the election being delayed, as the law provides for a delay under the circumstances if requested by the party that had nominated the candidate; however, a spokesman for INEC said that the election would not be delayed.^[9] He said that the party could nominate a replacement candidate.^[10]

Attacks

Nigerian military killed at least 25 suspected Islamic militants 18 April, while battling extremists who attacked a police station on 17 April in Kano, days before the election.^[11] Shortly before voting began on 21 April, there was an alleged attempt in Bayelsa State to kill Goodluck Jonathan, who is the PDP vice-presidential candidate and the governor of the state, as well as a failed attempt to destroy INEC headquarters in Abuja with a truck bomb.^[12]

Nigeria has never yet managed a peaceful handover from one democratically elected president at the end of his constitutional term to the next.^[13] The most recent failed election was the 1993 election of M. K. O. Abiola, which was annulled by Ibrahim Babangida, the military dictator ruling at the time. General Sani Abacha eventually seized power, and when Abiola tried to claim his presidency, he was imprisoned until his questionable death in 1998.^[14]

Gubernatorial and State House of Assembly results

After the death of Chief M.K.O Abiola, the ruling PDP won 26 of the 32 states, according to INEC, including Kaduna State and Katsina State, where the results were contested by the local population; the election will have to be rerun in Imo State and Enugu State due to complications.^[15] By the last count, Obasanjo's PDP party had won 29 of 33 states so far declared, with Human Rights Watch describing the vote-rigging as "shameless".^[16]

Presidential election vote and results

Umaru Yar'Adua, the declared winner of the presidential election

Following the gubernatorial and state assembly elections on 14 April, 18 parties, including those of Abubakar and Buhari, demanded on 17 April that the presidential election be postponed, that INEC be disbanded, and that the earlier elections be annulled; otherwise, they said that they would consider boycotting the presidential election.^[17] On 19 April, however, both Buhari's ANPP and Abubakar's Action Congress said that they would not boycott the election.^[18]

The 60 million presidential election ballot papers were kept in South Africa to prevent tampering.^[19] However, last-minute changes to add Abubakar to the list caused problems in distribution of ballots as papers did not arrive from South Africa until Friday evening.^[20] The reprinted papers were not serially numbered as was intended.^[21]

Results

Number of votes per candidate

Official figures on voter turnout were not released but the turnout was estimated at 57.5 percent of 61.5 million registered voters.^[22]

The first results to be released, from Rivers State, showed a large majority for Yar'Adua.^[23][24] On April 23, Yar'Adua was declared the winner by INEC, which said that he had received 70% of the vote^[25] (24,638,063 votes).^[26] Buhari was said to be in second place with 18% of the vote^[25] (6,605,299 votes),^[26] while Abubakar was placed third with about 7%^[25] (2,637,848 votes).^[26] Both Buhari and Abubakar rejected the results. The opposition candidates believe the election was rigged in Yar'Adua's favor.^[25]

Outgoing president Olusegun Obasanjo stated in a televised address that the election "could not be described as perfect".^[25][27]

Results, announced by Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) Chairman Prof. Maurice Iwu, were:^[28]

 Summary of the 1 April 2007 Nigerian presidential election results

Candidates – Parties	Parties	Votes	%
Umaru Yar'Adua	Peoples Democratic Party (PDP)	24,638,063	69.82
Muhammadu Buhari	All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP)	6,605,299	18.72
Atiku Abubakar	Action Congress (AC)	2,637,848	7.47
Orji Uzor Kalu	Progressive Peoples Alliance	608,803	1.73
Attahiru Bafarawa	Democratic Peoples Party (DPP)	289,324	0.82
Chukwuemeka Odimegwu Ojukwu	All Progressives Grand Alliance	155,947	0.44
Pere Ajuwa	Alliance for Democracy (AD)	89,241	0.25
Chris Okotie	Fresh Democratic Party	74,049	0.21
Patrick Utomi	African Democratic Congress (ADC)	50,849	0.14
Ambrose Owuru	Hope Democratic Party	28,519	0.08
Emmanuel Okereke	African Liberation Party (ALP)	22,677	0.06
Lawrence Adedoyin	African Political System (APS)	22,409	0.06
Habu Fari	National Democratic Party	21,934	0.06
Maxi Okwu	Citizens Popular Party (CPP)	14,027	0.04
Bartholomew Nnaji	Better Nigeria Party	11,705	0.03
Emmanuel Obayuwana	National Conscience Party	8,229	0.02
Olapade Agoro	National Action Council	5,752	0.02
Mojisola Obasanjo	Nigerian Masses Movement	4,309	0.01

The results did not disclose the total votes scored in the states or the percentages of the scores by the presidential candidates.

Yar'Adua was inaugurated on 29 May 2007.^[29]

Observers

Following the presidential election, groups monitoring the election gave it a dismal assessment. Chief European Union observer Max van den Berg reported that the handling of the polls had "fallen far short" of basic international standards, and that "the process cannot be considered to be credible",^[33] citing "poor election organisation, lack of transparency, significant evidence of fraud, voter disenfranchisement, violence and bias."^[27] They described the election as "the worst they had ever seen anywhere in the world", with "rampant vote rigging, violence, theft of ballot boxes and intimidation".^[2] One group of observers said that at one polling station in Yenagoa, in the oil-rich south, where 500 people were registered to vote, more than 2,000 votes were counted.^[24]

Felix Alaba Job, head of the Catholic Bishops Conference, cited massive fraud and disorganisation, including result sheets being passed around to politicians who simply filled in numbers as they chose while bribed returning electoral officers looked away.^[34]

International reaction

A spokesman for the United States Department of State said it was "deeply troubled" by election polls, calling them "flawed", and said it hoped the political parties would resolve any differences over the election through peaceful, constitutional means.^[25]

"Nigeria has once again failed to rise to the occasion.... Size isn't enough.... It is a failed giant," said prominent Ghanaian economist Nii Moi Thompson. He compared its elections to those of Liberia in 2005, saying, "Even Liberia, which is coming out of war, had more credible elections than Nigeria."^[35]

"There is the saying: 'How goes Nigeria, so goes the rest of Africa'. To have this widespread abuse of the democratic initiative certainly doesn't do Africa any good," said Scott Baker, a professor at Champlain College in the US city of Burlington, Vermont. "How can Nigeria sit at the meetings of the African Union African Peer Review Mechanism or ECOWAS and talk about other people's elections?" he asked.^[35]

Legal challenge

In July 2008, the Labour Party governorship candidate in Ondo State, Dr Olusegun Mimiko was declared the lawful winner of the election by the Election Petition Tribunal thereby nullifying the election of PDP candidate, Dr Olusegun Agagu.^[36]

Buhari and Abubakar filed petitions to have the results of the presidential election invalidated due to alleged fraud, but on February 26, 2008 a court rejected the petitions. Buhari and Abubakar said that they would appeal to the Supreme Court.^[37]

References

External links

• Official INEC results page for Presidential
• Official EU Observer mission site