Borno State

Borno
YERWA
State
État de Borno
Flag of Pornonupğ State
Flag
Nickname(s): Home of Peace

Location of Borno State in Nigeria
Coordinates: 11°30′N 13°00′E / 11.500°N 13.000°E / 11.500; 13.000Coordinates: 11°30′N 13°00′E / 11.500°N 13.000°E / 11.500; 13.000
Country  Nigeria
Date created 3 February 1976
Capital Maiduguri
Government
 • Governor[1] Kashim Shettima (APC)
 • Deputy Governor Usman Mamman Durkwa
 • Senators
Area
 • Total 57,799 km2 (22,316 sq mi)
Area rank 2nd of 36
Population (2006)
 • Total 4,171,104
 • Rank 12th of 36
 • Density 72/km2 (190/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)
 • Year 2007
 • Total $5.18 billion[2]
 • Per capital $1,214[2]
Time zone UTC+01 (WAT)
ISO 3166 code NG-BO

Borno, also known as Borno State, is a state in north-eastern Nigeria. Its capital is Maiduguri. The state was formed in 1976 from the split of the North-Eastern State. Until 1991 it contained what is now Yobe State.it is Kanuri homeland in Nigeria.

History

Dancers in Borno state attire

The state has a predominance of Kanuri people. Other ethnic groups such as Lamang, Babur/Bura and Marghi are also found in the southern part of the state. Shuwa Arabs are mainly the descendants of Arab people[3] and is an example of the endurance of traditional political institutions in some areas of Africa, where the emirs of the former Kanem-Bornu Empire have played a part in the politics of this area for nearly 1,000 years.[4] The current Kanemi dynasty gained control of the Borno Emirate in the early 19th century after the Fulani jihad of Usman dan Fodio. Conquered by Rabih in 1893, Borno was invaded by the British, French and Germans at the beginning of the 20th century. In 1902, the British officially incorporated Borno into the Northern Nigeria Protectorate[5] and established a new capital at Maiduguri or Yerwa in 1907, which remains the capital to this day.[6]

After Nigerian independence in 1960, Borno remained fairly autonomous until the expansion of the number of states in Nigeria to 12 in 1967. Local government reform in 1976 further reduced the power of the emirs of the former dynasty, and by the time of Nigeria's return to civilian rule in 1979, the emirs' jurisdiction has been restricted solely to cultural and traditional affairs. The emirs still exist, and serve as advisers to the local government. Mala Kachallah was elected governor of Borno State in 1999 under the flagship of the then APP(All Peoples Party) later ANPP. Ali Modu Sheriff was elected governor of Borno State in Nigeria in April 2003. He is a member of the All Nigeria People's Party (ANPP). Ali Sheriff was the first governor in Borno state to win the seat two consecutive times.[7]

On 14 May 2013, President Goodluck Jonathan declared a state of emergency in Northeast Nigeria,[8] including Borno State along with the neighboring states of Adamawa and Yobe.[9] This happened after fighting between Boko Haram and the state armed forces killed as many as 200 people in the town of Baga. A spokesman for the Nigerian Armed Forces declared that the offensive would continue "as long as it takes to achieve our objective of getting rid of insurgents from every part of Nigeria."[10]

In July 2014, Borno state governor Kashim Shettima said that "176 teachers had been killed and 900 schools destroyed since 2011."[11] After the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping in April 2014, most schools in Borno State were closed. They were scheduled to reopen in November 2014.[12]

In November 2014, UNICEF reported it has increased its Community Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) centres in Borno State "from 5 to 67 and is planning to increase this to 100."[13] In Borno State, the agricultural sector has suffered mostly because of the ongoing Boko Haram Insurgency since 2009 and many people experienced acute food insecurity.[14]

Local Government Areas

Borno State consists of twenty-seven (27) Local Government Areas, grouped into three Senatorial Districts (shown below with their areas and 2006 Census population figures):[15]

Borno Central
Senatorial District		Area in
km2		1,666,541Borno South
Senatorial District		Area in
km2		1,245,962Borno North
Senatorial District		Area in
km2		1,238,390
Maiduguri137.36540,016Askira/Uba2,431.83143,313Abadam4,172.27100,065
Ngala1,519.82236,498Bayo985.7879,078Gubio2,575.09151,286
Kala/Balge1,962.1360,834Biu3,423.86175,760Guzamala2,631.4495,991
Mafa2,976.99103,600Chibok1,392.0066,333Kaga2,802.4689,996
Konduga6,065.89157,322Damboa6,426.18233,200Kukawa5,124.41203,343
Bama5,158.87270,119Gwoza2,973.15276,568Magumeri5,057.61140,257
Jere900.72209,107Hawul2,160.99120,733Marte3,280.02129,409
Dikwa1,836.89105,042Kwaya Kusar754.6956,704Mobbar3,280.02116,633
Shani1,238.93100,989Monguno1,993.20109,834
Nganzai2,572.3599,074

In addition, there are seven Emirate Councils (Borno, Dikwa, Biu, Askira, Gwoza, Shani and Uba Emirates),[16] which advise the local governments on cultural and traditional matters.[17]

Religion

Religion in Borno State of Nigeria is mainly Islam with many more adherents of christianity. The Sharia is valid in the entire state. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Maiduguri has its seat in the state. Ekklesia Brethren Churches in Maiduguri were destroyed by Boko Haram[18] as a part of 2009 Nigerian sectarian violence.

See also

References

  1. ↑ See List of Governors of Borno State for a list of prior governors
  2. 1 2 "C-GIDD (Canback Global Income Distribution Database)". Canback Dangel. Retrieved 20 August 2008.
  3. ↑ Scheinfeldt, L.B.; Soi, S.; Tischkoff, S.A. (2010). The SAGE Encyclopedia of African Cultural Heritage in North America. p. 96. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  4. ↑ Barkindo, Bawuro, and Dierk Lange, ‘The Chad Region as a Crossroads’, in General History of Africa, ed. by M Elfasi and I Hrbek (London: Unesco, Heinemann, 1988), III, 436–60.
  5. ↑ Ikime, Obaro, ‘The Fall of Borno’, in The Fall of Nigeria: The British Conquest (London: Heinemann Educational, 1977), pp. 178–84
  6. ↑ Kawka, Rupert, From Bulamari to Yerwa to Metropolitan Maiduguri : Interdisciplinary Studies on the Capital of Borno State, Nigeria (Köln: Köppe, 2002).
  7. ↑ "Governor Ali Modu Sheriff of Borno State". Nigeria Governors Forum. Archived from the original on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 13 September 2009.
  8. ↑ "Nigeria: State of Emergency Declared". The New York Times. 14 May 2013. Retrieved 6 June 2013.
  9. ↑ "Army crackdown on Nigeria's Islamist militants". BBC News. 17 May 2013. Retrieved 6 June 2013.
  10. ↑ "Nigeria army's offensive to continue 'as long as it takes'". BBC News. 18 May 2013. Retrieved 6 June 2013.
  11. ↑ "Nigeria: Shettima Orders Investigation Into Mass Abduction of Women". allAfrica.com. 26 June 2014. Retrieved 1 July 2014.
  12. ↑ Michael Olugbode. Nigeria: Borno Public Schools to Reopen Soon, allAfrica.com, 27 August 2014.
  13. ↑ Nigeria: Humanitarian Update on the North East Nigeria, unicef.org, November 2014.
  14. ↑ http://www.actionagainsthunger.org/countries/africa/nigeria Actionagainsthunger. “Action Against Hunger Logo.” Nigeria. Actionagainsthunger, n.d. Web. 03 May 2016.
  15. ↑ 2006 Population Census, Federal Republic of Nigeria, National Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original Archived July 4, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. on 25 March 2009.
  16. ↑ Borno State overview Archived July 15, 2012, at the Wayback Machine., Borno State Government
  17. ↑ Borno State information Archived October 21, 2012, at the Wayback Machine., Federal Republic of Nigeria, National Bureau of Statistics; accessed 28 September 2015.
  18. ↑ http://www.ekklesia.co.uk/node/10031

Sources

  • Aborisade, Oladimeji; Robert J. Mundt (2001). Politics in Nigeria. White Plains, New York: Longman. ISBN 9780321085610.
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