Neoaves

Neoavians
Temporal range: Late Cretaceous – Holocene, 69–0 Ma
[1]
Common starling (Sturnus vulgaris)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Aves
Infraclass:Neognathae
Clade:Neoaves
Sibley et al., 1988
Clades

Neoaves is a clade that consists of all modern birds (Neornithes or Aves) with the exception of Paleognathae (ratites and kin) and Galloanserae (ducks, chickens and kin). Almost 95% of the roughly 10,000 known species of modern birds belong to the Neoaves.

The early diversification of the various neoavian groups occurred very rapidly around the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event,[2] and attempts to resolve their relationships with each other have resulted initially in much controversy.[3][4]

Phylogeny

One hypothesis for the phylogeny of modern birds was presented by Prum, R.O. et al. (2015)[5] The following cladogram illustrates the proposed relationships, with some taxon names following Yury, T. et al. (2013)[6] and Kimball et al. 2013.[7]

Neoaves

 

Strisores

 

Caprimulgiformes (nightjars)

 
 

 

 

Steatornithiformes (oilbird)

 
 

Nyctibiiformes (potoos)

 
 
 

 

Podargiformes (frogmouths)

 
 

 

Aegotheliformes (owlet-nightjars)

 
 

Apodiformes (hummingbirds, treeswifts, and swifts)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

Columbaves

Otidimorphae

 

Musophagiformes (turacos)

 
 

 

Otidiformes (bustards)

 
 

Cuculiformes (cuckoos)

 
 
 
Columbimorphae

 

Columbiformes (pigeons)

 
 

 

Mesitornithiformes (mesites)

 
 

Pteroclidiformes (sandgrouse)

 
 
 
 
 
 

 

Gruiformes (rails and cranes)

 
 

Aequorlitornithes

 

Mirandornithes

 

Phoenicopteriformes (flamingos)

 
 

Podicipediformes (grebes)

 
 
 

Charadriiformes (waders and relatives)

 
 
Ardeae

Eurypygimorphae

 

Phaethontiformes (tropicbirds)

 
 

Eurypygiformes (sunbittern and kagu)

 
 
Aequornithes

 

Gaviiformes (loons)

 
 

Austrodyptornithes

 

Procellariiformes (albatross and petrels)

 
 

Sphenisciformes (penguins)

 
 
 

 

Ciconiiformes (storks)

 
 

 

Suliformes (boobies, cormorants, etc.)

 
 

Pelecaniformes (pelicans, herons, ibises, etc.)

 
 
 
 
(core waterbirds)
 
 
Inopinaves

 

Opisthocomiformes (hoatzin)

 
Telluraves

 

Accipitrimorphae

 

Cathartiformes (New World vultures)

 
 

Accipitriformes (hawks and relatives)

 
 
 
 

Afroaves

 

Strigiformes (owls)

 
Coraciimorphae

 

Coliiformes (mouse birds)

 
Cavitaves

 

Leptosomatiformes (cuckoo roller)

 
Eucavitaves

 

Trogoniformes (trogons)

 
Picocoraciae

 

Bucerotiformes (hornbills and relatives)

 
Picodynastornithes

 

Coraciformes (kingfishers and relatives)

 
 

Piciformes (woodpeckers and relatives)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Australaves

 

Cariamiformes (seriemas)

 
Eufalconimorphae

 

Falconiformes (falcons)

 
Psittacopasserae

 

Psittaciformes (parrots)

 
 

Passeriformes (passerines)

 
 
 
 
 
(core landbirds)
 
 
 
 
 

References

  1. ↑ Van Tuinen M. (2009) Birds (Aves). In The Timetree of Life, Hedges SB, Kumar S (eds). Oxford: Oxford University Press; 409–411.
  2. ↑ Claramunt, S.; Cracraft, J. (2015). "A new time tree reveals Earth history's imprint on the evolution of modern birds". Sci Adv. 1 (11). doi:10.1126/sciadv.1501005. PMC 4730849. PMID 26824065.
  3. ↑ Mayr G. (2011) Metaves, Mirandornithes, Strisores and other novelties - a critical review of the higher-level phylogeny of neornithine birds. J Zool Syst Evol Res. 49:58-76.
  4. ↑ Matzke, A. et al. (2012) Retroposon insertion patterns of neoavian birds: strong evidence for an extensive incomplete lineage sorting era Mol. Biol. Evol.
  5. ↑ Prum, R.O. et al. (2015) A comprehensive phylogeny of birds (Aves) using targeted next-generation DNA sequencing. Nature 526, 569–573.
  6. ↑ Yuri et al. (2013) Parsimony and Model-Based Analyses of Indels in Avian Nuclear Genes Reveal Congruent and Incongruent Phylogenetic Signals. Biology, 2(1):419-444. doi:10.3390/biology2010419
  7. ↑ Kimball, R.T. et al. (2013) Identifying localized biases in large datasets: A case study using the Avian Tree of Life. Mol Phylogenet Evol. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.05.029
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