Murder of Travis Alexander

Travis Alexander
Born Travis Victor Alexander
(1977-07-28)July 28, 1977
Riverside, California
Died June 4, 2008(2008-06-04) (aged 30)
Mesa, Arizona
Cause of death
Known for Murder victim
Jodi Arias
2015 mug shot of Arias
Born Jodi Ann Arias
(1980-07-09) July 9, 1980
Salinas, California
Criminal penalty Life imprisonment without parole
Criminal status Incarcerated
Motive Jealousy
Conviction(s) First-degree murder
Details
Victims Travis Victor Alexander
Date June 4, 2008
Country United States
State(s) Arizona
Location(s) Mesa
Weapons Knife, gun
Date apprehended
 June 15, 2008
Imprisoned at Arizona State Prison Complex – Perryville

On June 4, 2008, salesman Travis Victor Alexander (July 28, 1977 – June 4, 2008) was murdered by his ex-girlfriend, Jodi Ann Arias (born July 9, 1980), in Alexander's house in Mesa, Arizona, United States. Arias was convicted of first-degree murder on May 8, 2013, and sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole on April 13, 2015, almost seven years after the murder.[n 1]

At the time of the killing, Alexander sustained multiple knife wounds and a gunshot to the head. Arias testified that she killed Alexander in self-defense, but did not convince a jury.[2] The murder and trial received widespread media attention in the United States.[3][4][5][6][7]

Background

Travis Alexander was born on July 28, 1977,[8] in Riverside, California to Gary David Alexander (1948-1997) and Pamela Elizabeth Morgan Alexander (1953–2005). His early childhood was difficult largely because both of his parents were drug addicts. At the age of 11, Travis moved in with his paternal grandparents,[9] Norma Jean Preston Alexander Sarvey (1932–2012) and her husband James Sarvey (1938–2002),[10] who introduced him to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.[11] After his father's death in July 1997,[12] his seven siblings were also taken in by their paternal grandmother. Alexander was a salesman and motivational speaker for Pre-Paid Legal Services (PPL).[13][14]

Jodi Arias was born on July 9, 1980, in Salinas, California[15] to William and Sandra (née Allen) Arias.[16] She and Alexander met in September 2006 at a PPL conference in Las Vegas, Nevada. Arias converted to Alexander's Mormon faith and, on November 26, 2006, was baptized into the LDS Church in a ceremony in southern California.[17] Alexander and Arias began dating in February 2007.[8][17] Arias moved to Mesa to live closer to Alexander.[18] In March 2007, she moved to Yreka, California, and lived there with her grandparents.[4]

Alexander and Arias dated intermittently for a year and a half, often in a long-distance relationship taking turns traveling between their respective Arizona and California homes.[19] Alexander's friends who knew Arias and observed them together tended to have a negative opinion of her, stating that the relationship was unusually tumultuous and her behavior worrying.[19]

Murder

Alexander was killed on June 4, 2008.[20] He sustained 27 to 29 stab wounds, his throat had been slit, and he had suffered a gunshot wound to the head.[21][22] Medical Examiner Kevin Horn testified that Alexander's jugular vein, common carotid artery, and trachea had been slashed and that Alexander had defensive wounds on his hands. Horn further testified that Alexander "may have" been dead at the time the gunshot was inflicted, and that the back wounds were shallow.[23][24] Alexander's death was ruled a homicide. He was buried at the Olivewood Cemetery in Riverside, California.[25]

Discovery and investigation

In early 2008, Alexander told people that Arias would join him for a work-related trip to Cancún, Mexico, scheduled for June 15.[26][27] In April, Alexander asked to change his travel companion to another female friend.[28] On May 28, 2008, a burglary occurred at the residence of Arias' grandparents, with whom Arias was living. Among the missing objects was a .25-caliber automatic Colt pistol (ACP), which was never recovered.[29] This later became significant as a shell casing from a spent .25 caliber round was found near Alexander's body at the murder scene.[30]

On June 2, between 1:00 am and 3:00 am, Arias called Alexander four times but did not appear to get through to him, since the longest of the calls was seventeen seconds. After 3:00 am, Alexander called Arias twice, the first time for eighteen minutes, the second time for 41 minutes. At 4:03 am, Arias called Alexander back and the call lasted two minutes, 48 seconds.[31] Neither these calls, nor transcripts of them, were presented in the Jodi Arias trial. At 5:39 am, Arias set out to drive south to rent a car for a long trip to Utah, as stated in evidence by a gasoline purchase at Shell Food Mart in Yreka, California. On June 2, at 8:04 am, Arias rented a car at Budget Rent a Car in Redding.[31] She indicated she would return the car to Budget in Redding. Arias visited friends in southern California on her way to Utah for a PPL work conference and to meet with Ryan Burns, a PPL co-worker. By late evening on June 3, 2008, Arias apparently set out for Salt Lake City.

Alexander missed an important conference call on the evening of June 4. The following day, Arias met up with Burns in the Salt Lake City neighborhood of West Jordan, Utah and attended business meetings for the conference. Burns later said he noticed Arias' formerly blond hair was now dark brown, and she had cuts on her hands.[31] On June 6, Arias left Salt Lake City and drove west towards California. She called Alexander several times and left several voicemail messages for him. She also accessed Alexander's cell phone voice mail system.[32] When Arias returned the car on June 7, it had been driven about 2,800 miles (4,500 km). The rental clerk testified that the car was missing its floor mats and had red stains on its front and rear seats.[31] It could not be verified that the car had floor mats when Arias picked it up and any stains could not be verified since the car was cleaned before police could examine it.

On June 9, having been unable to reach Alexander, a concerned group of friends went to his home. His roommates had not seen him for several days, but believed he was out of town and thus did not think anything was amiss. After finding a key to Alexander's master bedroom, his friends entered and found large pools of blood in the hallway to the master bathroom, where his body was discovered in the shower.[26] In the 9-1-1 call (not heard by the jury), the dispatcher asked if Alexander had been suicidal or if anyone was angry enough to hurt him. Alexander's friends specifically mentioned Arias as a possible suspect, stating that Alexander had said she was stalking him, accessing his Facebook account, and slashing his car's tires.[33][34][35] While searching Alexander's home, police found his recently purchased digital camera damaged in the washing machine. Police were able to recover deleted images showing Arias and Alexander in sexually suggestive poses, taken at approximately 1:40 pm on June 4. The final photograph of Alexander alive, showing him in the shower, was taken at 5:29 pm that day. Photos taken moments later show an individual believed to be Alexander "profusely bleeding" on the bathroom floor.[36][37] A bloody palm print was discovered along the wall in the bathroom hallway; it contained DNA from both Arias and Alexander.[36][38]

On July 9, 2008, Arias was indicted by a grand jury in Maricopa County, Arizona for the first-degree murder of Alexander.[39][40] She was arrested at her home on July 15[41] and extradited to Arizona on September 5. Arias pled not guilty on September 11.[42] During this time, she gave several different accounts about her involvement in Alexander's death.[43] She originally told police that she had not been in Mesa on the day of the murder and had last seen Alexander in March 2007.[36][38] Arias later told police that two intruders had broken into Alexander's home, murdering him and attacking her. Two years after her arrest, Arias told police that she killed Alexander in self-defense, claiming that she had been a victim of domestic violence.[21][22][44][45][46]

Pre-trial

On April 6, 2009, a motion to reconsider the defendant's motion to disqualify the Maricopa County District Attorney's Office was denied.[47] On May 18, the court ordered Arias to submit to IQ and competency testing.[48] Later, in January 2011, a defense filing detailed the efforts to which Arias' attorneys went to obtain text messages and emails. The prosecution initially told the defense attorneys that there were no available text messages sent or received by Alexander, and then was ordered to turn over several hundred such messages. Mesa police detective Esteban Flores told defense attorneys that there was nothing "out of the ordinary" among Alexander's emails; about 8,000 were turned over to the defense in June 2009.[49]

Trial

The State of Arizona vs. Jodi Ann Arias
Court Superior Court of the State of Arizona in and for the County of Maricopa
Decided May 7, 2013 (2013-05-07)
Verdict Guilty on one count of first-degree premeditated murder
Case history
Subsequent action(s) Jodi Arias sentenced to life in prison without parole
Case opinions
7 jury members: Guilty of first-degree premeditated murder and felony murder
5 jury members: Guilty of first-degree premeditated murder
Court membership
Judge(s) sitting Sherry K. Stephens

Jury selection

The trial commenced in Maricopa County's Superior Court before Judge Sherry K. Stephens on December 10, 2011. Initial jury selection began on December 10, 2012.[50] During jury selection on December 20, Arias' defense attorneys argued that the prosecution was "systematically excluding" women and African-Americans; prosecutor Juan Martinez said that race and sex were irrelevant to his decisions to strike certain jurors. Judge Stephens ruled that the prosecution had shown no bias in the jury selection.[51]

Guilt phase

In opening arguments on January 2, 2013, Martinez sought the death penalty.[52] Arias was represented by appointed counsel L. Kirk Nurmi and Jennifer Willmott, who argued that Alexander's death was a justifiable homicide committed in self-defense.[53]

Burns testified that when Arias visited him in Utah, the two had spent several hours hugging and kissing on a large bean bag chair. She told him she had cut her hands on broken glass while working at a restaurant called Margaritaville. A detective testified no restaurant by that name had ever existed in the Yreka area; at the time, Arias was working at a restaurant called Casa Ramos.[54] Later, Arias testified that after she cut her finger: "I had a bazillion margaritas to make."[55] Later, the prosecution argued that since a .25 caliber round was found near Alexander's body and that a gun of the same caliber was stolen from Arias' residence in Yreka the week before, she had staged the burglary and used the gun to kill Alexander.[29][30] Martinez claimed Arias had stalked Alexander and had slashed his tires twice. In addition, in the final days before his death, Alexander had called her a "sociopath" and "the worst thing that ever happened to me", and stated he was afraid of her.[56]

Arias took the stand in her own defense on February 4, 2013,[57] testifying for a total of eighteen days; the sheer length of time Arias spent on the stand was described by criminal defense attorney Mark Geragos as "unprecedented".[58] On the first day of her testimony, Arias told of being violently abused by her parents beginning when she was approximately seven years old.[57] She testified that she rented a car in Redding because Budget's website gave her two options, one to the north and one to the south, and her brother lived in Redding.[59] On her second day on the stand, Arias said that their sex life included oral and anal sex; she said the anal sex was painful for her the first time they experienced it together, and that while she considered these forms of sex to be real sex, Alexander did not as they were technically not against Mormon rules concerning regular sexual intercourse. Arias said that they eventually had intercourse, but less often.[60] A phone sex tape was played in which Alexander said he wanted to zip tie her to a tree and have anal sex with her while she was dressed as Little Red Riding Hood, which Arias seemed to respond to enthusiastically.[61] Arias had recorded this phone sex session without Alexander's knowledge or consent, apparently hoping to use it to embarrass Alexander to his Mormon peers.[19] Arias also testified that Alexander had secretly found young boys and girls sexually attractive and that she tried to help him with these urges.[62][63] Forensic experts testified that an examination of Alexander's computer found no evidence of pornographic material.[19]

Arias testified that her relationship with Alexander became increasingly physically and emotionally abusive.[64] Arias said that Alexander shook her while saying, "I'm f***ing sick of you", then began "screaming at me", after which he "body slammed me on the floor at the foot of his bed" and taunted her, saying "don't act like that hurts", before he called her a bitch and kicked her in the ribs. Afterward, Arias said "he went to kick me again, and I put my hand out." Arias held up her left hand in the courtroom, showing that her ring finger was crooked.[65] According to Arias, the dysfunction of their relationship reached its climax when she killed him in self-defense after he became enraged when she dropped his camera,[66] forcing her to fight for her life. This was the third differing account of Alexander's death given by Arias,[67] which both prosecutors, courtroom observers, and later jurors felt severely damaged her credibility. Rebuttal witnesses from the prosecution included several of Alexander's other girlfriends, who stated he never exhibited any problems with anger or violence.[19]

Arias addressed comments she made in a September 2008 interview with the syndicated news program Inside Edition, which had been played earlier in the trial. In the interview, she had said: "No jury is going to convict me ... because I am innocent. You can mark my words on that." Discussing the statement during her testimony, Arias said, "At the time [of the interview], I had plans to commit suicide. So I was extremely confident that no jury would convict me, because I didn't expect any of you to be here." At the close of his cross-examination of Arias, Martinez replayed the video and prompted Arias to affirm that she had said during the interview that she would not be convicted because she was innocent.[57][68][69] When being questioned by Martinez, Arias was initially combative and flippant, but after several days, Martinez was able to highlight the numerous lies and inconsistencies in her testimony and she admitted to stabbing and shooting Alexander despite her earlier claims of a lapse in her memory.[19] At the end of the guilt phase, the jury's foreman, William Zervakos, expressed an opinion common to both jurors and observers when he told ABC's Good Morning America that Arias' testimony did not do her any good. "I think eighteen days hurt her. I think she was not a good witness," he said.[70]

Starting March 14, psychologist Richard Samuels testified for the defense for nearly six days. He said Arias was likely suffering from acute stress at the time of the killing, sending her body into a "fight or flight" mode to defend herself, which caused her brain to stop retaining memory. In response to a juror's question asking whether this scenario could occur even if this was a premeditated murder, as the prosecution contended, he responded: "Is it possible? Yes. Is it probable? No." Samuels also diagnosed Arias with post traumatic stress disorder.[71] Martinez attacked Samuels' credibility, accusing him of forming a relationship with Arias and being biased; Samuels had previously testified he had compassion for Arias.[72] Beginning on March 26, Alyce LaViolette, a psychotherapist who specializes in domestic violence, testified that Arias was a victim of domestic abuse, and that most victims do not tell anyone about abuse because they feel ashamed and humiliated.[73] LaViolette summarised emails from Alexander's close friends: "They have basically advised Ms. Arias to move on from the relationship ... that Mr. Alexander has been abusive to women."[74] The jury posed nearly 160 questions to LaViolette, many of them focusing on Arias' credibility.[75]

Clinical psychologist Janeen DeMarte testified for the prosecution, stating that she found no evidence Alexander had abused Arias, and no evidence of PTSD or amnesia in Arias. Furthermore, Arias's claimed total memory loss for long stretches of time was inconsistent with traumatic amnesia associated with PTSD which manifests as much shorter gaps in memory.[19] Instead, DeMarte said Arias suffered from borderline personality disorder, showing signs of immaturity and an "unstable sense of identity." People who suffer from such a disorder "have a terrified feeling of being abandoned by others", DeMarte told jurors.[76] The final defense witness was psychologist Dr. Robert Geffner, who said that DeMarte's borderline diagnosis was "not appropriate" and that all tests taken by Arias since her arrest pointed toward an anxiety disorder stemming from trauma. He also said the tests indicated that she answered questions honestly, without lying.[77][78] Following Geffner's testimony, the state recalled Dr. Horn, who testified further on the gunshot wound, and called Dr. Jill Hayes, a forensic neuro-psychologist, who disputed Geffner's testimony that the MMPI test was not geared toward diagnosing borderline personality disorder,[79] concluding a long day in court at 8:29 pm.[48]

On April 24, in response to previous testimony given by Arias about buying a five-gallon gas can from a Walmart store in Salinas on June 3, 2008, that she returned on the same day,[55] the prosecution called Amanda Webb, an employee from the only Walmart in Salinas, to the stand. Webb said that according to Walmart's records, no one returned a five-gallon gas can on that date, and that Arias returned the gas can a week later rather than on June 3.[80] The gas can evidence was seen as important in establishing premeditation, as the prosecutor argued that Arias was trying to avoid being recorded on gas station security cameras as she drove to Mesa.[19]

In closing arguments on May 4, Arias' defense argued that the premeditation theory did not make sense. "What happened in that moment in time? The relationship, the relationship of chaos, that ended in chaos as well. There is nothing about what happened on June 4th in that bathroom that looks planned ... Couldn't it also be that after everything they went through in that relationship, that she simply snapped? ... Ultimately, if Miss Arias is guilty of any crime at all, it is the crime of manslaughter and nothing more."[81] In rebuttal, Martinez described the extent and variety of Alexander's wounds. "There is no evidence that he ever laid a hand on her, ever. Nothing indicates that this is anything less than a slaughter. There was no way to appease this woman who just wouldn't leave him alone," he said.[81]

Arias' testimony added to a very long defense portion of the guilt phase of the trial, which led to problems with retention of jury members. On April 3, a member of the jury was dismissed for "misconduct".[7] The defense team asked for a mistrial, which the judge denied.[7] On April 12, another juror was excused for health reasons.[82] A third juror was dismissed on April 25 after being arrested for a DUI offense.[83] As of April 25, 2012, defense costs had reached almost $1.7 million, paid by taxpayers.[84][85]

On May 7, 2013, after 15 hours of deliberation, Arias was found guilty of first-degree murder. Out of twelve jurors, five jurors found her guilty of first-degree premeditated murder, and seven jurors found her guilty of both first-degree premeditated murder and felony murder.[86] As the guilty verdict was read, Alexander's family smiled and hugged each other. People outside the courtroom began cheering and chanting.[87]

Aggravation phase

Following the first-degree murder conviction, the prosecution was required to convince the jury that the murder was "cruel, heinous, or depraved" in order for them to determine that Arias was eligible for the death penalty.[88] The aggravation phase of the trial started on May 15, 2013.[89][90] The only witness was the medical examiner who performed the autopsy. Arias' attorneys, who had repeatedly asked to step down from the case, gave only brief opening statements and closing arguments, in which they said the adrenaline rushing through Alexander's body may have prevented him from feeling much pain during his death. Prosecutor Martinez showed photos of the corpse and crime scene to the jury, then paused for two minutes of silence to illustrate how long he said it took for Alexander to die at Arias' hands. After less than three hours of consideration, the jury determined that Arias was eligible for the death penalty.[91]

Penalty phase

The penalty phase began on May 16, 2013, when prosecutors called Alexander's family members to offer victim impact statements, in an effort to convince the jury that Arias's crime merited a death sentence.[91]

On May 21, 2013, Arias offered an allocution, during which she pleaded for a life sentence. Arias acknowledged that her plea for life was a reversal of remarks she made to a TV reporter shortly after her conviction, when she said she preferred the death penalty. "Each time I said that, I meant it, but I lacked perspective," she said. "Until very recently, I could not imagine standing before you and asking you to give me life." She said she changed her mind to avoid bringing more pain to members of her family, who were in the courtroom. At one point, she held up a white T-shirt with the word "survivor" written across it, telling the jurors that she would sell the clothing and donate all proceeds to victims of domestic abuse. She also said she would donate her hair to Locks of Love while in prison, and had already done so three times while in jail.[92]

That evening, in a joint jailhouse interview with The Arizona Republic, 12 News and NBC's Today show, Arias said she did not know whether the jury would come back with life or death. "Whatever they come back with I will have to deal with it, I have no other choice." Regarding the verdict she said, "It felt like a huge sense of unreality, I felt betrayed, actually, by the jury. I was hoping they would see things for what they are. I felt really awful for my family and what they were thinking."[93][94]

On May 23, 2013, the sentencing phase of Arias's trial resulted in a hung jury, prompting the judge to declare a mistrial for that phase. The jury had reached an 8-4 decision in favor of the death penalty.[95]

After the mistrial was declared and the jury discharged, the jury foreman stated that he believed Arias was mentally abused, but that had not been enough to excuse her crime. He also said, "I think 18 days hurt her, I think she was not a good witness. We're charged with presuming innocence, right? But she was on the stand for so long, there were so many contradicting stories." He said the jury found the responsibility of weighing the death sentence overwhelming, but were horrified when their efforts ended in a mistrial. "By the end of it, we were mentally and emotionally exhausted," he said. "I think we were horrified when we found out that they had actually called a mistrial, and we felt like we had failed."[96]

On May 30, 2013, Maricopa County Attorney Bill Montgomery discussed the next steps at a news conference. He said he was confident an impartial jury could be seated, but it was possible that lawyers and the victim's family could agree to scrap the trial in favor of a life sentence with no parole.[97] Arias had said, "I don't think there is an untainted jury pool anywhere in the world right now. That's what it feels like. But I still believe in the system to a degree, so we'll just go through that if that happens."[93] Defense attorneys responded, "If the diagnosis made by the State's psychologist is correct, the Maricopa County Attorney's Office is seeking to impose the death penalty upon a mentally ill woman who has no prior criminal history. It is not incumbent upon Ms. Arias' defense counsel to resolve this case."[98][99]

Appeals

During the trial, defense attorneys filed for mistrial in January, April and May 2012.[100][101]

Arias' lawyers argued in January that Detective Esteban Flores, the lead Mesa police detective on the case, perjured himself during a 2008 pretrial hearing aimed at determining whether the death penalty should be considered an option for jurors. Flores testified at the 2009 hearing that based on his own review of the scene, and a discussion with the medical examiner, it was apparent that Alexander had been shot in the forehead first. Contrary to Flores' testimony at the 2009 hearing, the medical examiner told jurors the gunshot probably would have incapacitated Alexander; given his extensive defense wounds, including stab marks and slashes to his hands, arms and legs, it was not likely the shot came first. Flores denied perjury and said during his trial testimony that he just misunderstood what the medical examiner told him.[102]

In April, the defense claimed the prosecutor had acted inappropriately and said the case resembled a modern-day equivalent to the Salem witch trials. In the motion the defense team contended "the prosecutorial misconduct has infested these proceedings with a level of unfairness that cannot be cured by any other means." The motion also stated there is a "circus-like atmosphere inside the courtroom" and prosecutor Juan Martinez had yelled at witnesses, attacked witnesses on a personal level, and had thrown evidence. The motion also alleged that Martinez chose to release evidence and to pose for pictures with his fans on the steps of the courthouse. The attorneys claimed Arias was in a position where she could not present a complete defense, and the only constitutional course was to declare a mistrial.[101]

On May 20, 2012, defense attorneys again filed for mistrial. The motion alleged that a defense witness who had been due to testify the preceding Friday, the 17th, began receiving threats, including threats on her life if she were to testify on Arias' behalf. The day before the filing, the witness contacted counsel for Arias, stating that she was no longer willing to testify due to these threats. The motion continued, "It should also be noted that these threats follow those made to Alyce LaViolette, a record of which was made ex-parte and under seal." The motion was denied, as was a motion for a stay in the proceedings that had been sought to give time to appeal the decisions to the Arizona Supreme Court.[103]

On May 29, 2013, the Arizona Supreme Court declined to hear an appeal filed three months earlier, also refused by the mid-level Arizona Court of Appeals. Nurmi had asked the high court to throw out the aggravating factor of cruelty because the judge had allowed it to go forward based on a different theory of how the murder occurred. The lead detective originally claimed that the gunshot occurred first, followed by the stabbing and slitting of the throat; based on that theory, Stephens ruled there was probable cause to find the crime had been committed in an especially cruel manner, an aggravating factor under state law. Subsequent to this initial hearing, the medical examiner testified that the gunshot occurred postmortem.[102][104]

On July 6, 2018, Arias’ current attorneys, Margaret M. Green (a.k.a. Peg Green) and Corey Engle, filed a 324-page appeal seeking her murder conviction be overturned to the Arizona Court of Appeals. The state's response is due by January 4, 2019 and is to be provided by the Arizona Attorney General's Office. Following the state's response Arias will be allowed a formal reply to the state's counterargument prior to the case going before a three-judge panel for oral argument.[105][106]

Sentencing retrial

On October 21, 2013, Arias' sentencing retrial began. Opening statements were given, and a hearing on evidence was held. Prosecution witness Amanda Webb, called in the first trial to rebut Arias' testimony that she returned a gas can to Walmart on May 8, 2007, admitted she did not know if all records were transferred after the store relocated.[107] After a holiday break, the retrial resumed in January, 2014.[108] Mesa police experts admitted that Alexander's laptop had viruses and pornography, contrary to testimony in the first trial in 2013.[109] Jury deliberations began on February 12, 2014.[110][111] On March 2, 2014, the jury informed Judge Stephens that they were deadlocked. Arias' attorneys requested a mistrial. Stephens denied the request, read additional instructions to the jury, and ordered them to resume deliberations.[112] On March 5, 2014, Stephens declared a mistrial because the jurors, who deliberated for about 26 hours over five days, deadlocked at 11-1 vote in favor of the death penalty. Sentencing was scheduled for April 7, 2014, with Stephens having the option to sentence Arias to either life imprisonment without the possibility of parole, or with the possibility of parole after 25 years.[113][114][115] On April 13, Stephens sentenced Arias to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole.[116] Until March 5, 2015, Arias' trials cost an estimated $3 million.[117]

In an interview on April 8, 2014, Arias' attorney Jennifer Willmott discussed the social media furor, death threats she received, Arias' statements at the sentencing, the holdout juror, and stated that she believed that Arias testified truthfully.[118]

In June 2014, following a restitution hearing, Arias was ordered to pay more than $32,000 to Alexander's siblings. Arias' attorney stated this was about 1/3 of the amount requested.[119]

Incarceration

As of 2016, Arias is housed at the Arizona Department of Corrections #281129, which is located at Arizona State Prison Complex - Perryville.[120] She started her sentence in the complex's maximum security Lumley Unit, but she has the possibility of being downgraded to the medium security level.[121]

Media

The Associated Press reported that, as of 3 November 2014, "the public should be able to watch testimony in the Jodi Arias trial".[122] This decision by a three-judge panel of the Arizona Court of Appeals overruled Maricopa County Superior Court Judge Sherry Stephens' decision to "allow a witness to testify in private as jurors [weighed] whether to give [Arias] the death penalty".[122] The case, which has been at times broadcast around the world, has since the conclusion of the first trial been marked by secrecy, as Judge Stephens held secret (non-public) hearings. As a result of the move for "secrecy," an unidentified defense witness was allowed to testify in private. Though Judge Stephens' decision has been overruled, "the mystery witness who testified…at the start of the defense case" (Associated Press) hasn't been revealed to the public.[122]

The case featured on an episode of 48 Hours Mystery: Picture Perfect in 2008,[8] an interview which, for the first time in the history of 48 Hours, was used as evidence in a death penalty trial.[123] On September 24, 2008, Inside Edition interviewed Arias at the Maricopa County Jail where she stated, "No jury is going to convict me...because I am innocent and you can mark my words on that. No jury is going to convict me."[41]

The Associated Press said the case was a "circus",[124] a "runaway train"[124] and said the case "grew into a worldwide sensation as thousands followed the trial via a live, unedited Web feed".[125] They added that the trial garnered "daily coverage from cable news networks and spawned a virtual cottage industry for talk shows" and, at the courthouse, "the entire case devolved into a circus-like spectacle attracting dozens of enthusiasts each day to the courthouse as they lined up for a chance to score just a few open public seats in the gallery"; "For its fans, the Arias trial became a live daytime soap opera."[125] The Toronto Star stated, "With its mix of jealousy, religion, murder, and sex, the Jodi Arias case shows what happens when the justice system becomes entertainment."[126]

During the trial, public figures freely expressed their opinions. "Jodi Arias has stated that she follows me on Twitter so I really hate to be saying that she is guilty but sadly, she is as guilty as it gets", Donald Trump wrote. He also offered Arias legal advice on how she could avoid the maximum sentence. "Jodi should try but the govt. should not make a deal – no jury could be dumb enough to let her off (but you never know, look at OJ & others)," Trump suggested.[127] Arizona Governor Jan Brewer told reporters after an unrelated press event that she believed Arias to be guilty. She sidestepped a question about whether she believed Arias was guilty of manslaughter, second-degree murder or first-degree murder, but said "I don't have all the information, but I think she's guilty."[128]

HLN staff and their commentators compared the case to the Casey Anthony case for the perceived similarities between Anthony and Arias and the emotions that the cases incited in the general public.[5][6] Additionally, HLN aired a daily show covering the trial called HLN After Dark: The Jodi Arias Trial.[129] The cable network sent out a press release titled "HLN No. 1 Among Ad-Supported Cable as Arias Pleads for Her Life", bragging that they led in the ratings. The release stated: "HLN continues to be the ratings leader and complete source for coverage of the Jodi Arias Trial. On May 21, HLN ranked No.1 among ad-supported cable networks from 1:56p to 2:15p (ET) as Arias took the stand to plead for her life in front of the jury that found her guilty of Alexander's murder. During that time period, HLN out-delivered the competition among both total viewers (2,540,000) and 25–54 demo viewers (691,000). HLN also ranked No.1 among ad-supported cable networks for the 2p hour delivering 2,227,000 total viewers and 620,000 25–54 viewers."[130]

Jodi Arias: Dirty Little Secret, a made-for-television movie, stars Lost actress Tania Raymonde as Arias and Jesse Lee Soffer, of The Mob Doctor and Chicago P.D., as Alexander. Prosecutor Juan Martinez was played by Ugly Betty actor Tony Plana and David Zayas, of Dexter, portrays detective Esteban Flores.[131] Created for and distributed by the Lifetime Network, the film premiered June 22, 2013.[132] The director was Jace Alexander, who in January 2016 was arrested on child pornography charges and pleaded guilty to promoting a sexual performance by a child and possessing an obscene performance by a child.[133]

Former detective for Siskiyou County, California, who arrested Arias at her grandparents' home after it appeared she was on the move, is coming forward. He discusses his involvement in the explosive investigation and trial in the three-part limited series, that aired mid-January 2018, on Investigation Discovery (ID) titled "Jodi Arias: An American Murder Mystery." The special explores the death of Alexander and the subsequent legal circus as Arias was tried.

Social media

In late January 2013, artwork drawn by Arias began selling on eBay. The seller was her brother; he claimed that the profits went towards covering the family's travel expenses to the trial and "better food" for Arias while she was in jail.[134]

On April 11, USA Today reported that during the testimony of defense witness Alyce LaViolette, public outrage was extreme concerning her assertions that Arias was a victim of domestic violence. Tweets and other social media posts attacked LaViolette's reputation. More than 500 negative reviews of LaViolette's yet-to-be-released book appeared on Amazon.com calling LaViolette a fraud and a disgrace. "It's the electronic version of a lynch mob," said retired Maricopa County Superior Court Judge Kenneth Fields.[135] Attorney Anne Bremner, who said she received death threats after she provided legal counsel in the Amanda Knox case, told The Huffington Post that the kind of online ridicule and threats LaViolette received could affect attorneys and witnesses in high-profile trials. "It's something to take into account," Bremner said. "If I had kids I would consider it even more so."[136]

On May 9, The Republic commented: "The Jodi Arias trial has been a social-media magnet. And when Arias was convicted Wednesday of first-degree murder, Twitter and Facebook exploded with reaction. Much of it was aimed at Arias, though plenty of people tweeted at the media coverage, such as the antics of HLN host Nancy Grace. During the trial, hardcore followers of the proceedings were accused of trying to use social media to intimidate witnesses, or otherwise influence the outcome. Whether it had any effect is questionable, but it's a notable development."[137]

On May 24, Victoria Washington, who was one of Arias' attorneys until she had to resign in 2011 because of a conflict, said "Arias' lead attorney, Nurmi, was pilloried in social media. At one point, an Internet denizen digitally superimposed his face onto a crime-scene photo of Alexander dead in the shower of his Mesa home. I know people were aggravated with him constantly filing for mistrial, but you have to make and preserve the record for federal review (on appeal). If you don't file for mistrial, the appeals courts will say you waived it."[138]

On May 28, Radar Online reported the jury foreman had been receiving threats ever since the panel deadlocked on the sentencing phase, and now his son was claiming he's receiving death threats. "Today I read hate mail my dad had gotten. Some person had sent him a threatening message complete with his email address, full name, and phone number (which at the very least means that this guy should retake Hate Mail 101). I also read some comments on an article online about my dad. Surreal. They say my dad was fooled by the defendant, that he was taken with her, that he hated the prosecutor," his son wrote on his public blog.[139]

The Twitter account in Arias' name is operated by Arias' friends on her behalf.[140] On June 22, from that account, Arias tweeted, "Just don't know yet if I will plea or appeal."[140]

On March 6, 2015, after the retrial of the penalty phase concluded, it was reported that juror #17, the sole holdout, received death threats and police were posted at her house. Dennis Elias, a jury consultant, said, "The very fact that people are making death threats and trying to out her, it is not a proud day for any single one of those people and they should be ashamed."[141]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ In the State of Arizona, a sentence of natural life requires that the defendant be incarcerated for the rest of their natural lifespan, with no possibility of parole or early release.

References

  1. ↑ Lohr, David (January 9, 2013). "Jodi Arias Trial: Jury Gets Graphic Details Of Travis Alexander’s Slaying". HuffPost.
  2. ↑ Skoloff, Brian (May 8, 2013). "Jodi Arias Convicted of First-Degree Murder". Yahoo! News. Retrieved March 26, 2018.
  3. ↑ Washington, Michelle (May 6, 2013). "Five things to get you up to speed in Jodi Arias trial". USA Today. McLean, Virginia: Gannett Media. Retrieved March 26, 2018.
  4. 1 2 Lohr, David (December 29, 2011). "Jodi Arias Case: Twists And Delays In Alleged Femme Fatale's Murder Trial". The HuffPost. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  5. 1 2 "Jodi Arias next Casey Anthony?". HLN. October 15, 2012. Archived from the original on November 12, 2014. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
  6. 1 2 Dr. Drew staff (January 3, 2013). "Anthony and Arias: Common characteristics?". HLN. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  7. 1 2 3 "Jodi Arias Juror Dismissed for Talking About Trial". ABC News. Associated Press. Retrieved April 4, 2013.
  8. 1 2 3 "48 Hours: Picture Perfect". YouTube. January 17, 2013.
  9. ↑ Travis Alexander, Forever Missed, 2008.
  10. ↑ James Ner “Grandpa Jim” Sarvey, Jr, Find a Grave, 2002.
  11. ↑ "Norma Jean Sarvey Obituary". Legacy.com. December 18, 2012.
  12. ↑ "Gary David Alexander". Findagrave.com. July 28, 1997. Retrieved June 9, 2013.
  13. ↑ Basic training workbook (PDF). LegalShield.
  14. ↑ "Travis Alexander as a motivational speaker - video of Travis at a PPL conference". YouTube. Retrieved February 18, 2014.
  15. ↑ Chermak, Steven; Bailey, Frankie Y. (January 25, 2016). "Crimes of the Centuries: Notorious Crimes, Criminals, and Criminal Trials in American History [3 volumes]: Notorious Crimes, Criminals, and Criminal Trials in American History". ABC-CLIO – via Google Books.
  16. ↑ "Parents of Jodi Arias said in police interview that their 'daughter had mental problems and would freak out' as ousted juror turns up to watch murder trial". Daily Mail. Daily Mail and Trust. April 5, 2013. Retrieved March 26, 2018.
  17. 1 2 Lohr, David (December 31, 2012). "Jodi Arias Timeline: Key Dates In Case Of California Woman Accused Of Stabbing Ex-Boyfriend 27 Times (UPDATED)". Huffington Post. Retrieved March 26, 2018.
  18. ↑ Winch, Graham (January 2, 2013). "Jodi Arias & Travis Alexander: Killer romance?". HLN. Retrieved April 7, 2013.
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Shanna Hogan (2014). Picture Perfect: The Jodi Arias Story (St. Martin's True Crime, ISBN 978-1250003539
  20. ↑ KILLING OF TRAVIS ALEXANDER | Crime Express @ www.cayleedaily.com Archived August 31, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
  21. 1 2 Owens, Ryan (January 3, 2013). "Jodi Arias Trial: Jurors Shown Photos of Victim's Dead Body in Shower". ABC News. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  22. 1 2 Glynn, Casey (January 2, 2013). "Jodi Arias trial begins in macabre '08 murder of boyfriend Travis Alexander". CBS News. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
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  25. ↑ Travis Victor Alexander at Find a Grave
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  28. ↑ "Was Jodi booked on Cancun trip with Travis?". HLN. March 23, 2013. Retrieved May 17, 2013.
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  30. 1 2 Breuer, Howard (January 18, 2013). "Jodi Arias Trial: Prosecution Rests as Evidence Mounts". People. Retrieved April 8, 2013.
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  32. ↑ "Call Me? Jodi Arias Bombarded Travis Alexander's Cell Phone After She Allegedly Butchered Him". Radar Online. New York City: American Media Inc. January 15, 2013. Retrieved February 6, 2013.
  33. ↑ 911 call about Travis Alexander on YouTube. Retrieved March 14, 2013.
  34. ↑ Mooney, Mark; Curry, Colleen; Wingate, Marissa (January 18, 2013). "Jodi Arias Mistrial Motion Highlighted Stalker Claims". ABC News. Retrieved February 6, 2013.
  35. ↑ Druckerman, Shana (April 29, 2013). "Jodi Arias Jury Never Saw This Police Complaint About Tire Slashing". Phoenix, Arizona: ABC News. Retrieved March 26, 2018.
  36. 1 2 3 "Police recover nude photos of murdered man, suspect". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved February 6, 2013.
  37. ↑ Winch, Graham (January 17, 2013). "Photos: Travis Alexander's last moments alive". HLN. Retrieved February 6, 2013.
  38. 1 2 "Jodi Arias Trial Update: Prosecution shows Arias, woman accused of killing her ex-boyfriend, made up stories to cover her tracks". CBS News. January 16, 2013. Retrieved February 6, 2013.
  39. ↑ http://murderpedia.org/female.A/images/arias-jodi/jodi-arias-court-docs-1.pdf
  40. ↑ "Calif. woman extradited in killing of ex-boyfriend in Mesa". Associated Press. August 15, 2009. Archived from the original on May 1, 2013. Retrieved February 7, 2013.
  41. 1 2 Graham Winch & Katherine Brennecke (January 2, 2013). "Jodi Arias: Cold-blooded killer or innocent victim?". HLNTV.
  42. ↑ Lohr, David (December 31, 2012). "Jodi Arias Timeline: Key Dates In Case Of California Woman Accused Of Stabbing Ex-Boyfriend 27 Times (UPDATED)". HuffPost. Retrieved February 6, 2013.
  43. ↑ COLLEEN CURRY (January 16, 2013). "Jodi Arias' Rental Car Had Red Stains on Seats". Yahoo!. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
  44. ↑ Lohr, David (December 31, 2012). "Jodi Arias Timeline: Key Dates In Case Of California Woman Accused Of Stabbing Ex-Boyfriend 27 Times". HuffPost. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
  45. ↑ Lohr, David (January 2, 2013). "Travis Alexander Murder: Trial Of Jodi Arias Opens". The Huffington Post. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  46. ↑ "Jodi Arias murder trial with tales of sex, lies goes to jury". cncnews. May 5, 2013.
  47. ↑ Clerk of the Superior Court Minute Entries case number: CR2008031021 http://www.courtminutes.maricopa.gov/docs/Criminal/042010/m4168404.pdf
  48. 1 2 Clerk of the Superior Court Minute Entries case number: CR2008031021 http://www.courtminutes.maricopa.gov/docs/Criminal/052009/m3718130.pdf
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  50. ↑ "Clerk of the Superior Court Minute Entries on 12/10/2012" (PDF).
  51. ↑ "Jury selected in Jodi Arias murder trial". HLN. January 2, 2013. Retrieved March 26, 2018.
  52. ↑ "Jodi Arias Murder Trial: Woman Facing Death Penalty Over Boyfriend's Murder". ABC News. January 2, 2013. Retrieved February 6, 2013.
  53. ↑ Lohr, David (February 4, 2013). "Jodi Arias Testimony: Murder Suspect Says She Lied, Had Plans To Commit Suicide Before Trial". Huffington Post. Retrieved February 6, 2013.
  54. ↑ "Jodi Arias Trial Update: Prosecution presents testimony to prove Arias, who killed ex-boyfriend, is a pathological liar". CBS News. Retrieved February 6, 2013.
  55. 1 2 Testimony March 7, 2013
  56. ↑ Opening Statements, January 2, 2013; Testimony, April 10, 2013
  57. 1 2 3 "A soft-spoken Jodi Arias, who is charged with her Arizona boyfriend's murder, testifies in her own defense, admitting she lied to investigators". New York Daily News. New York. Associated Press. Retrieved February 6, 2013.
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  59. ↑ Testimony February 19, 2013
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  64. ↑ "Jodi Arias Testifies Alleged Murder Victim Broke Her Finger in Fight, Describes Horrific Sexual Encounter".
  65. ↑ Emery, Debbie (February 11, 2013). "Jodi Arias Testifies Alleged Murder Victim Broke Her Finger In Fight, Describes Horrific Sexual Encounter". Radar Online. Retrieved June 16, 2013.
  66. ↑ Feigel, Alice (March 1, 2013). "Is this the camera that led to fatal Jodi Arias fight?". HLNTV. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
  67. ↑ Koch, Kristin (April 22, 2013). "Beyond A Reasonable Doubt: 12 Of Jodi Arias' Biggest Lies Exposed". Radar Online. Retrieved June 16, 2013.
  68. ↑ "Murder First Degree: Inside the Arias Trial". CNN.
  69. ↑ "Flustered & floundering: The day Arias cracked".
  70. ↑ "Jodi Arias' testimony didn't help her, jury foreman says". Fox News. May 24, 2013.
  71. ↑ "Jodi Arias Cries Over Picture of Travis Alexander Kissing Her – ABC News". ABC News. April 24, 2013.
  72. ↑ "Psychologist Richard Samuels back on stand".
  73. ↑ "Domestic violence expert testifies in Jodi Arias trial".
  74. ↑ Lohr, David (April 2, 2013). "Jodi Arias Domestic Violence Expert Alyce LaViolette To Resume Testimony". Huffington Post.
  75. ↑ "Arias murder trial: Another juror released". The Arizona Republic.
  76. ↑ "Jodi Arias found guilty of murdering boyfriend". The Guardian. London. May 8, 2013.
  77. ↑ "Jodi Arias Defense Team Files Motion for More Expert Witness Testimony".
  78. ↑ "Jodi Arias' Final Expert Witness Claims PTSD".
  79. ↑ "Get caught up: Week 18 of Jodi Arias trial". HLN TV.
  80. ↑ "Will Martinez break down Jodi Arias' defense?".
  81. 1 2 "Juan Martinez Gets The Last Word in Jodi Arias Trial, Case Now in Jury Deliberation".
  82. ↑ "Another juror released from Jodi Arias murder trial".
  83. ↑ "Dismissed Arias trial juror says he had DUI arrest". The Arizona Republic. May 1, 2013.
  84. ↑ "Cost of Arias defense: $2.0M – and counting". Retrieved January 28, 2014.
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  87. ↑ "Cheers, tears at Arias 1st-degree murder verdict".
  88. ↑ "Jodi Arias Found Guilty of First Degree Murder, Will Face Death Penalty". Retrieved May 8, 2013.
  89. ↑ "Arias hearing postponed until next week". Fox News Channel. May 9, 2013.
  90. ↑ "Arias Trial Now Turns to Whether She Lives or Dies". ABC News. May 20, 2013.
  91. 1 2 "Jodi Arias' Lawyers Wanted To Withdraw From Case But Judge Denied Them". HuffPost. May 16, 2013. Archived from the original on May 17, 2013. Retrieved May 16, 2013.
  92. ↑ Stanglin, Douglas (May 21, 2013). "Jodi Arias Pleads For Life". USA Today. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
  93. 1 2 Kiefer, Michael (May 21, 2013). "Jodi Arias: I feel betrayed by the jury". USA Today.
  94. ↑ "Jodi Arias talks before jury sentencing decision". The Arizona Republic.
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  96. ↑ Schwartz, David. "Arizona jury foreman says believed Jodi Arias was abused". Archived from the original on June 8, 2013.
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  98. ↑ "Arias lawyers respond to Montgomery". The Arizona Republic. June 4, 2013.
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  100. ↑ "Mistrial motion denied in Arias murder trial".
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  102. 1 2 "Jodi Arias: Arizona Supreme Court denies review in Valley murder case". Associated Press.
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  124. 1 2 Brian Skoloff (May 22, 2013). "Jodi Arias Trial: An Over-The-Top Media-Spectacle". HuffPost. Associated Press. Retrieved August 13, 2013.
  125. 1 2 Brian Skoloff (May 8, 2013). "Jodi Arias says she prefers death penalty". Associated Press. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
  126. ↑ "Jodi Arias: How sex and murder created a tabloid trial and killer ratings". The Star. Toronto. May 4, 2013.
  127. ↑ "Donald Trump advises murder suspect Jodi Arias: "Make a deal"". May 3, 2013.
  128. ↑ "Arizona Gov. Jan Brewer thinks Jodi Arias is guilty". The Arizona Republic. May 7, 2013.
  129. ↑ "Get caught up: Week 13 of Jodi Arias trial". HLN. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
  130. ↑ D'Addario, Daniel (May 23, 2013). "HLN: Jodi Arias "pleading for her life" got us a ratings win!".
  131. ↑ "'Lost' star playing Jodi Arias in Lifetime movie out in June". Fox News. May 28, 2013.
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  134. ↑ "Arias has side job in jail: making and selling art". Myfoxphoenix.com. January 18, 2013. Retrieved February 6, 2013.
  135. ↑ Kiefer, Michael (April 11, 2013). "Arias key witness feels social media's heat". USA Today.
  136. ↑ McCormack, Simon (April 12, 2013). "Alyce LaViolette, Jodi Arias Trial Witness, Taken To Emergency room After Online Attacks". HuffPost.
  137. ↑ "Social media helped shape Jodi Arias trial". The Arizona Republic.
  138. ↑ "No sentence for Arias; county weighs options". The Arizona Republic.
  139. ↑ "Jodi Arias Jury Foreman Receiving Threats, Defended By His Son".
  140. 1 2 Jodi Arias Suggests She May Take Deal to Avoid Death Rather Than Appeal Conviction June 23, 2013. Retrieved July 2, 2013.
  141. ↑ Flores, Jessica (March 6, 2015). "Juror 17 in Jodi Arias sentencing retrial receives death threats". Archived from the original on March 21, 2015. Retrieved March 25, 2015.
  • Glynn, Casey (May 21, 2013). "Jodi Arias: A timeline of a sensational murder case". CBSNews.com. CBS News.
  • "Jodi Arias murder case: Timeline of events". Arizona Republic. February 11, 2014.
  • "Court of Appeals | State v. Arias; 1 CA-CR 15-0302" (pdf). supremecourt.az.gov. Arizona Supreme Court. July 16, 2018.
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