Lithium–titanate battery

lithium–titanate battery
Specific energy 60–110 Wh/kg
Energy density 177 Wh/L
Cycle durability 6000–20000 cycles
Nominal cell voltage 2.3 V

The lithium–titanate battery is a type of rechargeable battery which has the advantage of being faster to charge than other lithium-ion batteries. Titanate batteries are used in certain Japanese-only versions of Mitsubishi's i-MiEV[1] electric vehicle and Honda uses them in its EV-neo electric bike and Fit EV.[2][3] Opportunity charging in public transportation, such as large capacity electric bus project TOSA, is using the titanate batteries high charging capability to partly recharge the battery in 15 seconds while passengers are disembarking and embarking at bus stops.[4] Due to their high level of safety, lithium-titanate batteries are now being used in mobile medical devices[5]

A lithium–titanate battery is a modified lithium-ion battery that uses lithium-titanate nanocrystals, instead of carbon, on the surface of its anode. This gives the anode a surface area of about 100 square meters per gram, compared with 3 square meters per gram for carbon, allowing electrons to enter and leave the anode quickly. This makes fast recharging possible and provides high currents when needed.[6] Lithium titanate cells also last 3000-7000 charge cycles, far longer than other battery chemistries.[7]

A disadvantage of lithium-titanate batteries is that they have a lower inherent voltage (2.4 V), which leads to a lower specific energy of about 30–110 Wh/kg[8] than conventional lithium-ion battery technologies (which have an inherent voltage of 3.7 V).[9]

Lithium-titanate batteries are reported to have an energy density of up to 177 Wh/L.[8]

Brands and uses

Altairnano

Altairnano produces lithium–titanate batteries under the "Nanosafe" line, mainly for battery electric vehicles. Some vehicle manufacturers which have also announced plans to use Altairnano batteries includes Lightning Car Company, which plan to use them for Lightning GT, an all-electric sports car,[10][11] Phoenix Motorcars, in its electric sport-utility vehicles,[12] and Proterra, in its all-electric EcoRide BE35 vehicle, a lightweight 35-foot bus.[13]

Altairnano has also deployed their lithium–titanate energy storage systems for electric grid ancillary services[14] and in various military applications.[15]

Leclanché

Leclanché is a Swiss battery manufacturer, founded in 1909. In 2006 acquisition of Bullith AG (Germany) to establish a Li-Ion manufacturing line in Germany. In 2014 the "TiBox" was launched in the market. The power content of the "TiBox" is 3.2kWh with 20,000 cycles.[16]

Microvast

Microvast is a battery manufacturer founded in Houston, Texas in 2006. LpTO is a modified LTO battery by Microvast.

As of 2011, the world's first ultrafast charge bus fleet was launched in Chongqing, China. An 80 kW LpTO battery system is installed on 37 units of 12-meter electric buses which can be fully charged within 10 minutes with a 400 kW charger.[17]

As of 2014, a British bus OEM Wrightbus started to use Microvast LpTO batteries for 1000 units of double-deck New Routemaster. An 18kWh LpTO battery system is used to replace the initial Lithium Iron Phosphate battery due to that the LFP battery encountered performance failure.

As of 2015, the European ZeEUS (zero emission urban transport system) was launched, VDL uses 62.5kWh LpTO battery system from Microvast[18] as the fast charge technological roadmap for this demonstration project.

As of 2016, the world's largest automated port - PSA TUAS started to use Microvast LpTO for 22 pure electric AGVs as a first phase of the project for horizontal container transportation.[19]

Microvast has a few different battery technologies such as LpTO, LpCO, MpCO for different applications.

Toshiba

An example of a SCiB battery

Toshiba released a lithium–titanate battery, dubbed Super Charge Ion Battery (SCiB).[20][21] The battery is designed to offer 90% charge capacity in just 10 minutes.[22]

SCiB batteries are used in the Schwinn Tailwind electric bike.[23] Toshiba has also demonstrated its use as a prototype laptop battery.[24] Toshiba SCiB batteries are also used in a Japan-only version of Mitsubishi's i-MiEV and Minicab MiEV[1] electric vehicles, and Honda uses them in its EV-neo electric bike and Fit EV model which launched in the summer of 2012.[2][3]

Seiko

Seiko uses lithium titanate batteries in its recent Kinetic (automatic quartz) wristwatches. Earlier Kinetic watches used a capacitor to store energy but the battery gives larger capacity and longer service life. It can be replaced easily by a technician when its capacity eventually deteriorates to an unacceptable level.[25]

YABO

YABO Power Technology released lithium titanate battery in 2012. The standard model YB-LITE2344 2.4V/15Ah battery cell has been used in electric vehicle and energy storage systems.[26]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Mitsubishi Chooses Super-Efficient Toshiba SCiB Battery For EVs". Integrity Exports. 2011-06-18. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
  2. 1 2 "Toshiba's SCiB battery for the Fit EV". Green Car Congress. Nov 17, 2011.
  3. 1 2 "Honda begins European demonstration program of EV-neo electric scooter". Green Car Congress. Jun 15, 2011.
  4. ↑ TOSA2013 Archived 2014-05-25 at the Wayback Machine.: The project aims to introduce a new system of mass transport with electric “flash” recharging of the buses at selected stops.
  5. ↑ "All About Batteries, Part 12: Lithium Titanate (LTO)".
  6. ↑ Graham-Rowe, Duncan (7 March 2005). "Charge a battery in just six minutes". New Scientist. Retrieved 2010-07-06.
  7. ↑ http://www.batteryspace.com/Lithium-Titanate-Battery.aspx. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  8. 1 2 "All About Batteries, Part 12: Lithium Titanate (LTO)". EETimes.
  9. ↑ "Green Car Congress: Toshiba Developing 3.0 Ah High Power SCiB Li-Ion Cell for HEV Applications". 21 May 2008. Retrieved 2010-07-07.
  10. ↑ Page, Lewis (2008-07-22). "Blighty's electro-supercar 2.0 uncloaked today". The Register. Retrieved 2008-07-22.
  11. ↑ "Welcome to Lightning Car Company". Archived from the original on May 26, 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-07.
  12. ↑ "The All-New Phoenix SUV". Phoenix Motorcars. Archived from the original on July 29, 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-07.
  13. ↑ "Proterra – Cost effective solutions for clean transportation". Proterraonline.com. Archived from the original on March 1, 2009. Retrieved 2010-07-06.
  14. ↑ "Altair Nanotechnologies Announces Successful PJM Market Acceptance of the First Grid-Scale, Battery Energy Storage System" (Press release). Altair Nanotechnologies. 2008-11-21. Retrieved 2010-07-06.
  15. ↑ "Altair Nanotechnologies Power Partner – The Military" (Press release). Altair Nanotechnologies. Retrieved 2010-07-06.
  16. ↑ Germany, EQS Group AG, Munich,. "Leclanché SA: Leclanché announces the launch of the Ti-Box - dgap.de". www.dgap.de. Retrieved 2018-06-25.
  17. ↑ China, ChargedEVS. "Microvast: World's fastest EV charging station goes into service – in China". www.chargedevs.com. Retrieved 2012-06-17.
  18. ↑ Munster Germany, VDL Bus Coach. "VDL: 5 VDL Citeas Electric for Stadtwerke Münster to deliver 5 ultrafast charge buses to Germany". vdlbuscoach.com. Retrieved 2015-05-01.
  19. ↑ Singapore, PSA Singapore. "PSA Singapore buys 22 AGVs". www.container-mag.com. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
  20. ↑ Kouji Kariatsumari (Dec 12, 2007). "Toshiba's New Secondary Battery Squashed ... No Explosion, Fire ... Why?". Nikkei Electronics. Retrieved 2010-07-07.
  21. ↑ "TOSHIBA – Rechargeable battery SCiB". Retrieved 2010-07-07.
  22. ↑ Aharon Etengoff (Oct 2, 2008). "Toshiba unveils new battery prototype". PC Authority. Retrieved 2010-07-07.
  23. ↑ "Schwinn Electric Bikes". Schwinn Tailwind electric. Archived from the original on 2008-09-29. Retrieved 2010-07-07.
  24. ↑ Sumner Lemo (September 30, 2008). "Toshiba shows prototype fast-charging laptop battery". InfoWorld. Retrieved 2010-07-07.
  25. ↑ "The Seiko Kinetic: Boon or Bane? - Quartzimodo's Time Journal". Quartzimodo's Time Journal. Retrieved 2018-06-26.
  26. ↑ "Advantages of the Lithium Titanate Battery". Knowledge Base. 2014-09-19. Retrieved 2018-06-26.
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