List of cryptocurrencies
This is a list of cryptocurrencies. The number of cryptocurrencies available over the internet as of 19 August 2018 is over 1600 and growing.[1] A new cryptocurrency can be created at any time.[2] By market capitalization, Bitcoin is currently (April 10, 2018) the largest blockchain network, followed by Ethereum, Ripple, Bitcoin Cash, Litecoin, and EOS.[3]
Cryptocurrencies
Below are some notable cryptocurrencies:
Release | Status | Currency | Symbol | Founder(s) | Hash algorithm | Programming language of implementation | Cryptocurrency blockchain (PoS, PoW, or other) |
Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2009 | Active | Bitcoin | BTC,[4][5] XBT, ₿ | Satoshi Nakamoto[nt 1] | SHA-256d[6][7] | C++[8] | PoW[7][9] | The first decentralized ledger currency. Cryptocurrency with the highest market capitalization. |
2011 | Active | Litecoin | LTC, Ł | Charlie Lee | Scrypt | C++[10] | PoW | The first cryptocurrency to use Scrypt as a hashing algorithm. |
2011 | Active | Namecoin | NMC | Vincent Durham[11][12] | SHA-256d | C++[13] | PoW | Also acts as an alternative, decentralized DNS. |
2011 | Active | SwiftCoin | STC | Daniel Bruno | SHA-256 | PoW | First block chain to support currency creation by interest paid on debt. Solidus Bond proto smart-contract. One of the first digital coins patented in the US. First block chain to support encrypted mail with attachments. | |
2012 | Active | Bytecoin | BCN | CryptoNote | C++[14] | PoW | First cryptocurrency based on the CryptoNote algorithm. Focused on user privacy through impassive and anonymous transactions | |
2012 | Active | Peercoin | PPC | Sunny King (pseudonym)[15] |
SHA-256d[16] | C++[17] | PoW & PoS | The first cryptocurrency to use POW and POS functions. |
2013 | Active | Dogecoin | DOGE, XDG, Ð | Jackson Palmer & Billy Markus[18] |
Scrypt[19] | C++[20] | PoW | Based on an internet meme. |
2013[21] | Active | Feathercoin | FTC, ₣ | Peter Bushnell, Brasenose College of Oxford University | NeoScrypt | C++[22] | N/A | Approx. 60 seconds block time |
2013[23][24] | Active | Gridcoin | GRC | Rob Hälford [25] | Scrypt | C++[26] | Decentralized PoS | The first cryptocurrency linked to citizen science through the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing[27][28] |
2013 | Active | Primecoin | XPM | Sunny King (pseudonym)[15] |
1CC/2CC/TWN[29] | TypeScript, C++[30] | PoW[29] | Uses the finding of prime chains composed of Cunningham chains and bi-twin chains for proof-of-work, which can lead to useful byproducts. |
2013 | Active | Ripple[31][32][33] | XRP[33] | Chris Larsen & Jed McCaleb[34] |
ECDSA[35] | C++[36] | "Consensus" | Designed for peer to peer debt transfer. Not based on bitcoin. |
2013 | Active | Nxt | NXT | BCNext (pseudonym) |
SHA-256d[37] | Java[38] | PoS | Specifically designed as a flexible platform to build applications and financial services around its protocol. |
2014 | Active | Auroracoin | AUR | Baldur Odinsson (pseudonym)[39] |
Scrypt | C++[40] | PoW | Created as an alternative to fiat currency in Iceland. |
2014 | Inactive | Coinye | KOI, COYE | Scrypt | PoW | Used American hip hop artist Kanye West as its mascot, abandoned after trademark lawsuit. | ||
2014 | Active | Dash | DASH | Evan Duffield & Kyle Hagan[41] |
X11 | C++[42] | PoW & Proof of Service[nt 2] | A bitcoin-based currency featuring instant transactions, decentralized governance and budgeting, and private transactions. |
2014 | Active | NEO | NEO | Da Hongfei & Erik Zhang | SHA-256 & RIPEMD160 | C#[43] | dBFT | Chinese based cryptocurrency (formerly ANT Shares which produce ANT Coins) name change August 2017 to NEO and GAs, these enable the development of digital assets and smart contracts. |
2014 | Active | MazaCoin | MZC | BTC Oyate Initiative | SHA-256d | C++[44] | PoW | The underlying software is derived from that of another cryptocurrency, ZetaCoin. |
2014 | Active | Monero | XMR | Monero Core Team | CryptoNight[45] | C++[46] | PoW | Privacy-centric coin using the CryptoNote protocol with improvements for scalability and decentralization. |
2014 | Active | NEM | XEM | UtopianFuture (pseudonym) | SHA3-512 | Java[47] | POI | The first hybrid public/private blockchain solution built from scratch, and first to use the Proof of Importance algorithm using EigenTrust++ reputation system. |
2014 | Active | PotCoin | POT | Potcoin core dev team | Scrypt | C++[48] | PoS | Developed to service the legalized cannabis industry |
2014 | Active | Synereo AMP | AMP | Dor Konforty & Greg Meredith[49] | PoS | Scala, Java[50] | PoS | Trying to create a world computer, Synereo’s 2.0 tech stack incorporates all faculties needed to support decentralized computation without central servers.[51] |
2014 | Active | Titcoin | TIT | Edward Mansfield & Richard Allen[52] | SHA-256d | TypeScript, C++[53] | PoW | The first cryptocurrency to be nominated for a major adult industry award.[54] |
2014 | Active | Verge | XVG | Sunerok | Scrypt, x17, groestl, blake2s, and lyra2rev2 | C, C++[55] | PoW | |
2014 | Active | Stellar | XLM | Jed McCaleb | Stellar Consensus Protocol (SCP) [56] | C, C++[57] | Stellar Consensus Protocol (SCP) [56] | Open-source, decentralized global financial network. The usage is for remittances, micropayments, services for the underbanked, mobile money/branches and professional setups. |
2014 | Active | Vertcoin | VTC | Bushido | Lyra2RE[58] | C++[59] | PoW | Next-gen ASIC resistance and first to implement stealth addresses. |
2015 | Active | Ether or "Ethereum" | ETH | Vitalik Buterin[60] | Ethash[61] | C++, Go[62] | PoW | Supports Turing-complete smart contracts. |
2015 | Active | Ethereum Classic | ETC | Ethash[61] | PoW | An alternative version of Ethereum[63] whose blockchain does not include the DAO Hard-fork.[64][65] Supports Turing-complete smart contracts. | ||
2015 | Active | Tether | USDT | Jan Ludovicus van der Velde[66] | Omnicore [67] | PoW | Tether claims to be backed by USD at a 1 to 1 ratio. The company has been unable to produce promised audits.[68] | |
2015 | Inactive | Neucoin | NEU | Daniel Kaufman | SHA-256 | PoW & PoS | Based on Peercoin, attempted to improve security. Project dissolved in November 2016. | |
2016 | Active | Decred | DCR | Blake-256 | Go[69] | PoW/PoS Hybrid | Built in governance and hybrid PoW/PoS. | |
2016 | Active | Lisk | LSK | Max Kordek & Oliver Beddows | PoS | JavaScript[70] | PoS | Open blockchain platform written entirely in JavaScript, enabling developers to create and manage decentralized, and scalable blockchain applications, including custom tokens, on sidechains.[71] |
2016 | Active | Zcash | ZEC | Zooko Wilcox | Equihash | C++[72] | PoW | The first open, permissionless financial system employing zero-knowledge security. |
2017 | Inactive | BitConnect | BCC | BitConnect was described as an open source, all-in-one bitcoin and crypto community platform but was later described as a Ponzi scheme | ||||
2017 | Active | Bitcoin Cash | BCH[73] | SHA-256d | PoW | Hard fork from Bitcoin, Increased Block size from 1mb to 8mb | ||
2017 | Active | EOS.IO | EOS | Dan Larimer | WebAssembly, Rust, C, C++[74] | delegated PoS | Feeless Smart contract platform for decentralized applications and decentralized autonomous corporations with a block time of 500 ms.[74] | |
2018 | Active | Cardano | ADA | Charles Hoskinson & Jeremy Wood | Haskell[75] | Ouroboros PoS | ||
2018 | Inactive | KodakCoin | Kodak and WENN Digital | Ethash[76] | KodakCoin is a "photographer-centric" blockchain cryptocurrency used for payments for licensing photographs. | |||
2018 | Inactive | Petro | Venezuela Government | onixCoin[77] | C++[78] | First cryptocurrency backed by Venezuela's reserves of oil. As of August 2018 it does not appear to function as a currency.[79] | ||
2018 | Active | Bitcoin Private | BTCP | Equihash | C++[80] | PoW | private, decentralized, fast, open source, community-driven coin implementing zkSNARK for privacy protection/anonymous payments. Hardfork (co-fork) of BTC and ZClassic |
Notes
- ↑ It is not known whether the name "Satoshi Nakamoto" is real or a pseudonym, nor whether it represents one person or a group.
- ↑ Via Masternodes containing 1000 DASH held as collateral for "Proof of Service". Through an automated voting mechanism, one Masternode is selected per block and receives 45% of mining rewards.
References
- ↑ "All Cryptocurrencies | Coinlore". coinlore.com. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
- ↑ Cryptocurrencies: A Brief Thematic Review. Economics of Networks Journal. Social Science Research Network (SSRN). Date accessed August 28, 2017.
- ↑ "All Currencies | CryptoCurrency Market Capitalizations". Coinmarketcap.com. Retrieved December 31, 2017.
- ↑ Dixon, Lance (December 24, 2013). "Building Bitcoin use in South Florida and beyond". Miami Herald. Retrieved January 24, 2014.
- ↑ Spaven, Emily (December 3, 2013). "Bitcoin price could reach $98,500, say Wall Street analysts". CoinDesk. Retrieved January 24, 2014.
- ↑ Taylor, Michael Bedford (2013). "Bitcoin and the age of bespoke silicon" (PDF). Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Compilers, Architectures and Synthesis for Embedded Systems. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press. ISBN 978-1-4799-1400-5. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
- 1 2 Steadman, Ian (May 7, 2013). "Wary of Bitcoin? A guide to some other crypto currencies". Wired UK. Condé Nast UK.
- ↑ "Bitcoin on GitHub".
- ↑ Hobson, Dominic (2013). "What is Bitcoin?". XRDS: Crossroads, The ACM Magazine for Students. 20 (1). Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 40–44. doi:10.1145/2510124. ISSN 1528-4972.
- ↑ "Litecoin on GitHub".
- ↑ "vinced/namecoin: Vince's tree – see namecoin/namecoin for main integration tree". GitHub. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
- ↑ Keller, Levin (March 19, 2011). "Namecoin – a distributed name system based on Bitcoin". Prezi.
- ↑ "Namecoin on GitHub". Retrieved 2018-02-04.
- ↑ "Bytecoin Core Developer's GitHub page".
- 1 2 Boase, Richard (November 20, 2013). "Litecoin spikes to $200m market capitalization in five hours". CoinDesk. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
- ↑ Bradbury, Danny (November 7, 2013). "Third largest crypto currency peercoin moves into spotlight with Vault of Satoshi deal". CoinDesk. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
- ↑ "Peercoin on GitHub".
- ↑ A History of Dogecoin. Dogecoin Analysis Report. Social Science Research Network (SSRN). Accessed December 28, 2017.
- ↑ "Intro – Dogecoin # Technical specifications". Dogeco.in. Retrieved December 14, 2013.
- ↑ "Dog E Coin on GitHub".
- ↑ "What Feathercoin offers with links and explanations | Feathercoin Forum". 2018-01-13. Archived from the original on 2018-01-13. Retrieved 2018-01-13.
- ↑ "FeatherCoin on GitHub".
- ↑ Halford, Rob (October 6, 2013). "GRIDCOIN – GRC (The environmentally conscious coin)". cryptocointalk.com. Retrieved November 14, 2014.
- ↑ Wagner, Andrew. "Putting the Blockchain to Work For Science!". Bitcoin Magazine. Retrieved April 9, 2016.
- ↑ "New Coin Launch Announcement - GRC - GridCoin - GRIDCOIN GRC - Cryptocurrencytalk.com". Cryptocointalk.com. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
- ↑ "GridCoin on GitHub".
- ↑ Halford, Rob. "Gridcoin: Crypto-Currency using Berkeley Open Infrastructure Network Computing Grid as a Proof Of Work" (PDF). Retrieved April 11, 2016.
- ↑ "GridCoin: Using the Blockchain for Good". CoinTelegraph. Retrieved April 9, 2016.
- 1 2 "FAQ · primecoin/primecoin Wiki · GitHub". Retrieved January 20, 2014.
- ↑ "Primecoin on GitHub".
- ↑ Chayka, Kyle (July 2, 2013). "What Comes After Bitcoin?". Pacific Standard. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
- ↑ Vega, Danny (December 4, 2013). "Ripple's Big Move: Mining Crypto currency with a Purpose". Seattlepi.com. Hearst Seattle Media, LLC, a division of The Hearst Corporation.
- 1 2 Brown, Ariella (May 17, 2013). "10 things you need to know about Ripple". CoinDesk. Retrieved January 15, 2014.
- ↑ Simonite, Tom (April 11, 2013). "Big-name investors back effort to build a better Bitcoin". MIT Technology Review. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
- ↑ "How it works – Ripple Wiki". Retrieved January 20, 2014.
- ↑ "Rippled on GitHub".
- ↑ "NXT Whitepaper". NxtWiki – Whitepaper. Archived from the original on February 3, 2015. Retrieved December 21, 2014.
- ↑ "NXT on Bitbucket".
- ↑ Casey, Michael J. (March 5, 2014). "Auroracoin already third-biggest cryptocoin–and it's not even out yet". The Wall Street Journal.
- ↑ "Auroracoin on GitHub".
- ↑ Scharr, Jill (May 28, 2014). "What is Dash? An FAQ". Tom's Guide.
- ↑ "Dash on GitHub".
- ↑ "NEO on GitHub".
- ↑ "MazaCoin on GitHub".
- ↑ "CryptoNight – Bitcoin Wiki". En.bitcoin.it. June 19, 2014. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
- ↑ "Monero on GitHub".
- ↑ "NEM on GitHub".
- ↑ "PotCoin on GitHub".
- ↑ Meredith, Greg. "A Brief History of Synereo". Synereo Blog. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
- ↑ "Synereo on GitHub".
- ↑ "Synereo and NFX Guild Launch Strategic Partnership to Build a Decentralized Internet". Bitcoin Magazine. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
- ↑ Mercier Voyer, Stephanie. "Titcoin Is a Brand New Cryptocurrency for Porn Purchases". Vice Magazine. Retrieved June 18, 2014.
- ↑ "Titcoin on GitHub".
- ↑ "Titcoin Receives Two Web & Tech XBIZ Nominations". Payout Magazine. Retrieved November 18, 2014.
- ↑ "Verge on GitHub".
- 1 2 "Stellar.org White Papers" (PDF). Stellar.org.
- ↑ "Stellar on GitHub".
- ↑ "Lyra2RE – A new PoW algorithm for an ASIC-free future" (PDF). November 29, 2014.
- ↑ "Vertcoin on GitHub".
- ↑ "Out in the Open: Teenage Hacker Transforms Web Into One Giant Bitcoin Network". Wired.com. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
- 1 2 "Ethash". Github.com. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
- ↑ "Ethereum on GitHub".
- ↑ "README/README.md at master". Github.com. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
- ↑ Adinolfi, Joseph. "Exclusive: Grayscale launches digital-currency fund backed by Silver Lake's co-founder Hutchins". MarketWatch. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
- ↑ Wirdum, Aaron van. "Rejecting Today's Hard Fork, the Ethereum Classic Project Continues on the Original Chain: Here's Why". Bitcoin Magazine. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
- ↑ "Mystery Shrouds Tether". Bloomberg. Retrieved December 27, 2017.
- ↑ ""Tether White Paper"" (PDF). Tether. Retrieved December 27, 2017.
- ↑ Leising, Matthew (20 June 2018). "Tether Hired Former FBI Director's Law Firm to Vet Finances". Bloomberg. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
- ↑ "Decred on GitHub".
- ↑ "Lisk Platform on GitHub".
- ↑ "What is Lisk? - Lisk latest documentation". lisk.io. Retrieved September 10, 2018.
- ↑ "Zcash on GitHub".
- ↑ "Bitcoin Cash Markets and Dillema". CryptoCoinCharts. Retrieved September 14, 2017.
- 1 2 "Documentation: EOS.IO Documents". February 10, 2018 – via GitHub.
- ↑ "IOHK/Cardano on GitHub".
- ↑ Ray, Tiernan (January 9, 2018). "Kodak CEO: Blockchain Significant, Though Not a Doubling in Stock Price". Barrons. Retrieved January 11, 2018.
- ↑ "Onix's white paper" (PDF). www.onixcoin.com. January 13, 2018. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
- ↑ "OnixCoin on GitHub".
- ↑ Ellsworth, Brian (30 August 2018). "Special Report: In Venezuela, new cryptocurrency is nowhere to be found". Reuters. Retrieved 30 August 2018.
The coin is not sold on any major cryptocurrency exchange. No shops are known to accept it.
- ↑ "Bitcoin Private on GitHub".
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