List of refugees
This is a list of prominent people who are or were refugees. It also includes the children of refugees. The people are ordered according to the field in which they made their names.
Advertising
- Lord Maurice Saatchi and Charles Saatchi - UK citizens and founders of Saatchi & Saatchi advertising agency. Their family fled persecution in Iraq for Britain in 1947.[1]
Architecture
- Eva Jiřičná - British artist and architect, designed the Faith Zone in the Millennium Dome. Born in Czechoslovakia and took refuge in the UK after the Prague Spring in 1968.[2]
- Daniel Marot - British architect best known for Hampton Court Palace. Born in France, he sought refuge in the UK in 1685 after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes.[3]
- Richard Rogers - British-Italian architect best known for the Centre Pompidou and the Millennium Dome. Fled Trieste in 1939 and took refuge in the UK.[4]
Art
- Marc Chagall - Jewish-Russian painter. Escaped Bolshevism for asylum in France in 1922. Fled France between 1941-48 to reside in the USA.[5]
- Jacob Epstein - British modern sculptor. Child of Polish-Jewish refugees.[6]
- Lucian Freud - British figurative painter. Born in 1922[7] in Germany (grandson of Sigmund Freud); came to England in 1933 as refugee from Nazism.[8]
- Peter Carl Fabergé - Russian jeweller for Russian Imperial Court, fled Russian Revolution for Switzerland in 1917[9]
- Mona Hatoum - British-Palestinian sculptor, performance and installation artist; Palestinian refugee born in Lebanon,[10] forced into exile in London in 1975 when war broke out in Lebanon.[10]
- Josine Ianco-Starrels - Los Angeles curator and museum director. Born in Romania, her family escaped to British (or Mandatory) Palestine during in 1941.[11] (see her father Marcel Janco)
- Marcel Janco - Romanian artist and architect, best known as the co-founder of Dadaism. Fled persecution in Romania for British (or Mandatory) Palestine in 1941.[12]
- Anish Kapoor - British-Indian sculptor. His mother's family was Iraqi-Jewish and took refuge in India in 1920 after the Iraqi revolt.[13]
- Piet Mondrian - Dutch painter, and contributor to De Stijl. World War II refugee who settled in New York City in 1940.[14]
- Camille Pissarro - Danish-French Impressionist and Neo-Impressionist painter, took refuge in London from France during the Franco-Prussian war of 1870-1871[15]
- Alfred Wolmark - British Post-Impressionist painter and decorative artist; Polish-Jewish refugee whose family came to the UK in 1883[16]
Business
- Sir Montague Burton - UK citizen, founded the UK clothing business Burton retail in 1903. Jewish refugee from Lithuania.[17]
- Sir John Houblon - UK citizen, first Governor of the Bank of England. Child of Huguenot refugees.[18]
- Manubhai Madhvani - Ugandan businessman, son of Muljibhai Madhvani and head of the Madhvani Group. Expelled from Uganda by Idi Amin in 1972, returned in 1982.[19]
- Michael Marks - UK citizen, one of the founders of Marks & Spencer. He was a Polish-Jewish refugee from Belarus (then part of the Russian Empire) who fled to the UK in 1882.[20]
- Aristotle Onassis - Greek billionaire shipping tycoon. Left Smyrna, Turkey for Greece after the Great Fire of Smyrna[21] in the aftermath of the Greco-Turkish war.
- Thomas Peterffy - Developed electronic trading of securities. Hungarian refugee who arrived in the U.S. in 1965.
- de Portal - founder of British paper firm Portal, which for 270 years (until 1995) held the only license to print British money. Huguenot refugee who arrived in the UK in 1685.[18]
- Sieng van Tran - UK citizen, founder of the educational website www.iLearn.to. Vietnamese refugee whose family were given refuge in the UK in 1981.[22] (see also Vietnamese Boat People)
- George Weidenfeld - UK citizen; publisher, philanthropist and newspaper columnist. Jewish-Austrian refugee, fled Nazi annexation of Austria (see Anschluss) in 1938 and found refuge in the UK.[23]
Fashion and design
- Sir Alec Issigonis - British car designer, most well known for designing the Mini. His family was evacuated from Smyrna following the end of the Greco-Turkish war.[24]
- Tanya Sarne - British fashion designer and creator of the Ghost label. Her parents were refugees (her mother was Romanian, her father French-Jewish[25] who met in London at the end of WWII.[25]
- Alek Wek - British supermodel. She fled Wau for Khartoum, Sudan to escape the Second Sudanese Civil War, then made her way to the UK with her family.[7]
Manufacturing
- Lakshmishankar Pathak - UK citizen and founder of Patak's. Fled Kenya for the UK during the Mau Mau uprising.[26]
- Rashmi Thakrar - UK citizen and founder of Tilda Rice Company[27] Fled Uganda for UK during the Expulsion of Asians from Uganda in 1972.[27]
Music and dance
- Béla Bartók - Hungarian composer and pianist who went into exile in the USA in 1940 as a result of his opposition to Nazism.[28]
- Norbert Brainin - UK citizen, Austrian-Jewish violinist, first violinist of the Amadeus Quartet. Driven out of Vienna after the 1938 Anschluss, fled to UK where he eventually began playing with fellow violinists and refugees Siegmund Nissel and Peter Schidlof.[29][30]
- Gloria Estefan - American-Cuban pop star. Fled Cuba for the USA in 1960 after her father became a political prisoner.[31]
- Justine Frischmann - British lead singer of Elastica. Her father was a Hungarian refugee and Holocaust survivor who was liberated from Auschwitz.[32]
- Wyclef Jean - Haitian-American, best known as member of the Fugees. Left Haiti during the Duvalier regime and re-settled in New York City.[33]
- K'naan (Keinan Abdi Warsame) - Somali-Canadian songwriter, rapper and hip-hop artist, best known for his song Wavin' Flag. Fled Mogadishu during the Somali Civil War at age 13, settled in Toronto.[34]
- Erich Wolfgang Korngold - Czech-born Jewish composer, working in U.S. when Nazis came to power in Austria and could not return
- Fritzi Massary - US citizen. Austrian-Jewish operetta singer and actress. Despite her conversion to Protestantism in 1903, she was persecuted in Germany for her Jewish heritage, and fled the country in 1933, ultimately settling in the USA.[35]
- Freddie Mercury - British pop singer, songwriter and producer, best known as the lead singer/songwriter for the rock band Queen. Born in the British Protectorate of the Sultanate of Zanzibar (now Tanzania), he and his family fled during the 1964 Zanzibar Revolution. He and his family resettled in the UK.[36]
- Mika - Lebanese-born British singer-songwriter. Born in Beirut, Lebanon in 1983 to a Lebanese mother and American father; his family relocated to Paris in 1984 after attacks on the American Embassy during the Lebanese civil war.[37]
- M.I.A (Mathangi "Maya" Arulpragasam) - British-born Tamil rapper, singer. Six months after her birth, her family relocated from the UK to Sri Lanka at the beginning of the Sri Lankan Civil War. As a result of her father's political activism, she and her family fled the war for London in 1987.[38]
- Siegmund Nissel - UK citizen, Austrian-Jewish violinist, member of Amadeus Quartet. Driven out of Vienna after the 1938 Anschluss, sent to UK via Kindertransport, where he met fellow violinists and refugees Norbert Brainin and Peter Schidlof.[29]
- Rita Ora - British singer and actress. She was born in Pristina, Kosovo to Kosovar Albanian parents. Her family fled the Kosovo war for the UK when she was 1.[39]
- Laleh Pourkarim - Swedish-Iranian singer. Fled persecution in Iran in 1982 (her father was a prominent opponent of the regime after the Iranian Revolution), eventually found refuge in Sweden.[40]
- Peter Schidlof - UK citizen, Austrian-Jewish violinist, member of Amadeus Quartet. Driven out of Vienna after the 1938 Anschluss, fled to UK. The Amadeus Quartet was formed with fellow refugees Norbert Brainin and Siegmund Nissel.[41]
- Arnold Schoenberg - US citizen, Jewish-Austrian composer and painter, associated with Expressionism. Persecuted as a "degenerate" artist, in 1933 he fled the Nazi occupation and resettled in the USA.[42]
- Claude-Michel Schönberg - French composer whose works include the musicals Les Misérables and Miss Saigon. He is the son of Hungarian-Jewish refugees.[43]
- Chaim Witz (Gene Simmons) - Israeli-American rock bass guitarist, best known as co-lead singer of the rock band Kiss. His mother was a Hungarian-Jewish Holocaust survivor.[44]
- Regina Spektor - American singer-songwriter and pianist. Came to the U.S. with her parents at the age of 9 from Soviet Russia.
- György Stern (Sir Georg Solti) - UK citizen, Hungarian-Jewish conductor. Fled anti-semitic laws in Hungary to work in Germany, left Germany in 1938 after the Anschluss.[45]
- Oscar Straus (composer) - Austrian-Jewish composer of operettas and film scores. He fled Austria in 1938 after the Anschluss, first for Paris, then Hollywood.[46]
- Robert Stolz - Austrian composer/conductor. Prior to the Anschluss he aided the escape of Jewish and political refugees across the Austro-German border, before escaping to the USA himself in 1940.[47]
- Richard Tauber - Austrian-Jewish singer, composer. He began his career in Germany, but in 1933 he was assaulted by Nazi Brownshirts, and left Germany for Austria. Nazis revoked his passport and right of abode while he was on tour in London in 1938, forcing him to apply for UK citizenship.[48]
- Felipe Andres Coronel (Immortal Technique) - African-Peruvian rapper and activist. Fled to the United States with his family in 1980, due to outbreak of internal conflict in Peru.[49]
- Georg Ludwig von Trapp and Maria von Trapp - Austrian singers. Maria's autobiography, The Story of the Trapp Family Singers, inspired the musical The Sound of Music. They fled Austria through the Italian Alps after the Anschluss, ultimately settling in the USA.[50][51]
Politics
- Madeleine Albright - Former U.S. Secretary Of State. She and her family fled Czechoslovakia in 1948 and came to the USA as refugees.[52]
- Hannah Arendt - Jewish-American author and political theorist. Born in Germany, in 1933 she fled persecution by the Nazis for Czechoslovakia and then Geneva, eventually becoming a naturalized citizen of the USA in 1950.[53][54]
- Adrienne Clarkson - Canadian journalist and 26th Governor General of Canada. Her parents fled Hong Kong with her in 1941 and found refuge in Canada.[55]
- Michaëlle Jean - Canadian journalist and 27th Governor General of Canada. Her father fled Haiti's Duvalier regime in 1967, she and the rest of their family arrived in Canada in 1968.[56]
- Henry Kissinger - American diplomat and political scientist who fled Germany with his family in 1938.[57]
- Karl Marx - German philosopher, writer and journalist best known for "inventing" the political concept of Communism. He spent much of his adult life in exile as a result of his political views, but became truly stateless in 1848 when he gave up his Prussian citizenship, and was expelled from France. He remained stateless till the end of his life.[58]
- Maryam Monsef - Canadian politician. In 2015 she became Minister For Democratic Institutions. She and her family fled the Afghan Civil War in 1996, resettling in Canada.[59]
- Edward Snowden - American computer security specialist, leaked information about U.S. National Security data collection, fled U.S. and received asylum in Russia.
- Tȟatȟáŋka Íyotake (Sitting Bull) - Hunkpapa Lakota holy man who led his people as a tribal chief during years of resistance to United States government policies. Took refuge with his followers in Canada in 1877 for four years, where they petitioned the Canadian government for land and food. The Canadian government refused their request, and ultimately Sitting Bull and his people were forced to return to the United States.[60]
- Clara Zetkin - key leader in German Communist movement, chiefly remembered for establishing March 8 as International Women's Day; fled Nazi Germany in 1932 and took refuge in the Soviet Union.[50]
Psychology and philosophy
- Michael Balint - UK citizen, Jewish-Hungarian psychoanalyst, best known as a proponent of Object relations theory. Fled persecution by Nazis for the UK in 1939.[61]
- Sigmund Freud - Jewish-Austrian neurologist, best known as the founder of psychoanalysis. Fled persecution by the Nazis in Austria in June 1938, took refuge in the UK.[62]
- Anna Freud - daughter of Sigmund, also a psychoanalyst. Fled persecution by the Nazis in Austria in June 1938, took refuge in the UK.[62]
- Ernest Gellner - UK citizen, Czech-Jewish philosopher and social anthropologist. Came to England in 1939 after the German occupation of Prague.[63]
- Stephan Korner - UK citizen, Czech-Jewish philosopher. Came to England in 1939 after German occupation of Czechoslovakia.[64]
- Claude Lévi-Strauss - French-Jewish anthropologist and ethnologist. Stripped of his citizenship in 1940 under the Vichy anti-semitic laws for his Jewish ancestry, Levi-Strauss took refuge in the USA until 1948, when he returned to France.[65]
- Karl Popper - Austrian-Jewish philosopher; fled from rise of Nazism in Austria to New Zealand in 1937.[66]
- Dr. Ruth Westheimer - American psychologist and sex expert who fled Nazi Germany as a child, as part of the Kindertransport. Both her parents were killed at Auschwitz.[67][68]
Religion
- Jesus and the Holy Family, according to Matthew's gospel account of their flight to Egypt due to Herod's threat
- Pope Gregory the Great was driven from Rome in 550 as a child with his family, along with most of the remaining population of the city by King Totila, during the Gothic war[69]
- Theodore of Tarsus fled his home for Constantinople during either the Persian or Arab invasions of the Eastern Byzantine Empire in the 7th century [69]
- Adrian of Canterbury fled from North Africa to Italy during the Muslim invasions of North Africa in the 640s[69]
- Sophronius of Jerusalem fled during the Persian-Byzantine war of the early 7th-century, but returned later [69]
- Maximus the Confessor fled from the vicinity of Constantinople for Crete and later to Carthage around the time of the Persian siege of Constantinople during the Persian-Byzantine war[69]
- Isaac Abravanel - rabbi and politician - fled from Portugal to Spain
- Rabbi Leo Baeck - Reform rabbi and holocaust survivor
- Rabbi Hugo Gryn - Reform rabbi and holocaust survivor
- Tenzin Gyatso (14th Dalai Lama) - a refugee, fled from Tibet Autonomous Region, China during the 1959 Tibetan uprising.[70]
- Rabbi Immanuel Jakobovits - Chief rabbi of Great Britain - fled from the Nazis to Britain
- Paul Kahle - Christian Hebraist - fled from the Nazis to Britain
- Mullah Krekar - Iraqi Kurdish mullah, lives in Norway
- Vincent Nguyen - Canadian, Auxiliary Catholic Bishop of Toronto. Fled Vietnam in 1983 and settled in Canada.[71](See also Vietnamese Boat People)
- Dieter F. Uchtdorf - First Presidency of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, refugee from Czechoslovakia and subsequently from East Germany [72]
Science and technology
- Sergey Brin - Co-founder of Google - Russian-Jewish ref [73]
- Gustav Victor Rudolf Born - pharmacologist - German-Jewish refugee
- Max Born - Nobel Prize for physics - German-Jewish refugee
- Edith Bulbring - pharmacologist - German-Jewish refugee
- Constantin Carathéodory- Greek mathematician who spent most of his professional career in Germany. Taught in Turkey until the 1922 Great Fire of Smyrna, when he fled with books he had saved from the university's library to Athens.[74]
- Carl Djerassi - the inventor of the first contraceptive pill. He is an Austrian refugee
- John Dollond - inventor of the achromatic lens. He founded Dollond and Aitchison; descended from Huguenot refugees
- Albert Einstein - Nobel Prize-winning physicist (1921) for his theory of relativity; German-Jewish refugee who escaped Nazi Germany by taking a post at Princeton in 1938.[75]
- Enrico Fermi - Nobel Prize-winning physicist (1938) for his work on nuclear reactions; member of the Manhattan Project; moved with his family to America in 1938 to escape Italy's anti-semitic laws.[76]
- Robert Fano - physicist - Italian-Jewish refugee
- Ugo Fano - physicist - Italian-Jewish refugee
- Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen - a Romanian American progenitor and paradigm founder in economics, whose work was seminal in establishing ecological economics - fled when the communists took power in Romania in 1948.
- Alexander Grothendieck - mathematician - German-Jewish refugee
- Erik Jorpes – Finnish biochemist who fled to Sweden after the Finnish Civil War.
- Bernard Katz - Nobel Prize-winning biophysicist - German-Jewish refugee
- Walter Kohn - theoretical physicist who won the Nobel Prize (1998) in Chemistry for Density-Functional Theory; left Austria for England via Kindertransport
- Sir Hans Krebs - Nobel Prize-winning scientist - German-Jewish refugee
- Sir John Krebs - zoologist - son of Sir Hans Krebs
- Liviu Librescu, physicist; fled from Romania to Israel[77]
- Lord (Claus) Moser - British professor of statistics and head of the Government Statistical Service - Austrian-Jewish refugee
- Charles Proteus Steinmetz - mathematics and electrical engineering - German-Polish refugee. he identified and explained, through a mathematical equation that later became known as the Law of Hysterisis, or Steinmetz’s Law, phenomena governing power losses, leading to breakthroughs in both alternating- and direct-current electrical systems.[78]
- Dame Stephanie Shirley - British information technology pioneer and philanthropist, best known for founding Xansa. Arrived in the UK in 1938 as an unaccompanied child refugee from Germany as part of the Kindertransport.[27]
Sport
- Alexander Alekhine - chess world champion, who moved from communist Russia to France
- Ossip Bernstein - chess grandmaster, who escape from Communistic Ukraine to France
- Efim Bogoljubow - chess grandmaster, who moved from the Soviet Union to Germany
- Fedor Bohatirchuk - chess grandmaster, who moved from Ukraine to Canada
- Joel Casamayor - former Lightweight Champion in Boxing, fled from Cuba to U.S.
- Luol Deng - Chicago Bulls basketball player and NBA All-Star. Moved from Sudan to Great Britain
- Mebrahtom Keflezighi - Olympic marathon silver medallist, Eritrean refugee to U.S. (via Italy)
- Lomana Tresor LuaLua - a striker/winger who plays for Blackpool, he migrated from Kinshansa, DR Congo to the U.K.
- Fabrice Muamba - Congolese refugee in the United Kingdom, became a football player for Bolton
- Ashot Nadanian - chess player, who moved from Azerbaijan to Armenia
- Mario Stanic - former footballer with Chelsea. He used to play for Sarajevo F.C. who were targeted during the Bosnian War
- Christopher Wreh - former Arsenal footballer and Liberian refugee
- Yusra Mardini - Syrian swimmer who was a member of the Refugee Olympic Athletes Team during the 2016 Summer Olympics, she moved from Syria to Germany
TV and film
- Zohra Daoud - former Afghani actress and model, now settled in Malibu, California
- Marlene Dietrich - actress and refugee from Nazi Germany, technically Dietrich was not a refugee. She left Berlin because Paramount offered her a contract in Hollywood.[75]
- Omid Djalili - comedian and actor. He and his family are Iranian refugees
- Anh Do - Australian comedian, Anh Do and his family fled in a boat to Australia as refugees in 1980
- Ben Elton - comedian and grandson of a Czechoslovakian refugee
- Andy Garcia - actor and director fled Castro's Cuba with his parents when he was five
- Baron Lew Grade - television mogul and uncle of Michael Grade. He was a Russian refugee
- Fritz Lang - film director, and a half-Jewish refugee
- Jerry Springer - talk show host. His parents were German refugees
- Rachel Weisz - actress. Both her parents are Jewish refugees
- Billy Wilder - film director and writer, and a Jewish refugee
- Dagmara Domińczyk - actress. She fled to the United States with her parents and sisters in 1983 due to her parents' political associations (her father's involvement with Amnesty International and the Solidarity movement)
- Zoltán Buday - actor. He and his family were Hungarian refugees who fled to Canada due to the Hungarian Revolution.
Writing and publishing
- Yasmin Alibhai-Brown - journalist and author, and a Ugandan refugee
- Isabel Allende - author of The House of Spirits. She is a Chilean refugee who fled after receiving death threats following the overthrow of her father's cousin, Salvador Allende
- Reinaldo Arenas - Cuban novelist. Became a refugee in the USA after years of persecution for his sexuality and political ideas. His autobiography, Before Night Falls, was on the New York Times list of the ten best books of the year 1993 and was made into a film in 2000
- Bertolt Brecht - German playwright, refugee from the Nazis during World War II
- Elias Canetti - a Bulgarian refugee, he won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1981
- Joseph Conrad - author of Heart of Darkness and a refugee.
- Anne Frank - German-Jewish teen who fled with her family to the Netherlands during WWII. Her book The Diary of a Young Girl is one of the most widely known and poignant accounts of the refugee experience.[79][80]
- Karen Gershon - as a child she fled from Nazi Germany to Great Britain
- Michael Hamburger - as a child he fled from Nazi Germany to London
- Lord Paul Hamlyn CBE - a Jewish refugee from Germany. He was the founder of Octopus Publishing Group
- Victor Hugo - author of Les Misérables and The Hunchback of Notre Dame. Due to his political beliefs, he was forced to flee France several times
- Guillermo Cabrera Infante - Cuban writer and journalist. Became a refugee in the UK. Honoured with the Cervantes Prize in 1997
- Ruth Prawer Jhabvala - novelist and film screenwriter - German-Jewish refugee
- Ismail Kadare - Albanian novelist and poet. Claimed political asylum in France in 1990.[81]
- Judith Kerr - children's writer - German-Jewish refugee
- Rigoberta Menchú - an author and Guatemalan refugee. She won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1992
- Thomas Mann - winner of the 1929 Nobel Prize in Literature. He moved from Germany to Switzerland and from there to the USA
- Vladimir Nabokov - Russian author and lepidopterist. Escaped to Europe from the Russian Civil War and then to the United States from the advance of Nazi Germany
- Ursula Owen - editor of Index on Censorship. She was a German refugee as a baby
- John O'Donnell-Rosales - Cuban author, poet and journalist, escaped from Cuba with the remnants of his family after years of persecution for their political and religious views
- Felix Salten - author of Bambi - Hungarian-born Jewish refugee from Nazis
- Joe Schlesinger - Austrian-born Canadian television journalist and author was a Jewish refugee. In 1938, he was sent to England from Czechoslovakia to escape the Nazis as part of the Kindertransport that rescued 669 Jewish children. His parents, who couldn't escape with him, were later killed in the Holocaust.
- Shyam Selvadurai - Canadian novelist, refugee from Sri Lanka as a teenager
- Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn - Russian writer, winner of 1970 Nobel Prize in Literature. Deported from the USSR in 1974 as a result of his criticism of the Soviet system,[82] returned to Russia from the USA in 1994 after the dissolution of the Soviet System.[83]
- Samuel Ullman - German-born poet
- Loung Ung - a survivor of the Killing Fields of Cambodia, is an activist and author of the books, First They Killed My Father and Lucky Child
Miscellaneous
- Alina Fernandez - daughter of Fidel Castro, fled Cuba to Spain, now lives in the United States. Former model, now hosts a talk show
- Otto Kahn-Freund - lawyer - German Jew who fled Nazi Germany to the United Kingdom
- Christoph Meili - whistleblower - fled from Switzerland to the United States, because an arrest warrant was issued against him
- Merhan Karimi Nasseri - an Iranian refugee who lived in the departure lounge of Terminal One in Charles de Gaulle Airport from 26 August 1988 – July 2006. See also the film The Terminal (2004), directed by Steven Spielberg, and the opera Flight, by Jonathan Dove.
References
- ↑ Day, Elizabeth (2013-06-22). "Charles Saatchi: art supremo with an image problem". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2015-11-18.
- ↑ "Eva Jiricna | Artist | Royal Academy of Arts". www.royalacademy.org.uk. Retrieved 2015-11-18.
- ↑ "Boughton House, the Huguenot Summer … and a contemporary resentment". migrationmuseum.org. Retrieved 2015-11-18.
- ↑ "Fiendishly, United Kingdom - Refugee Stories". Refugee Stories. Retrieved 2015-11-18.
- ↑ Weber, Ronald (2011-05-16). The Lisbon Route: Entry and Escape in Nazi Europe. Government Institutes. ISBN 9781566638920.
- ↑ http://projects.vanartgallery.bc.ca/publications/75years/pdf/Epstein_Jacob_7.pdf
- 1 2 "UNHCR - Alek Wek Biography". www.unhcr.org. Retrieved 2015-11-19.
- ↑ "Lucian Freud: "A life of uncertainty and loneliness" … and enduring insights - World Socialist Web Site". www.wsws.org. Retrieved 2015-11-18.
- ↑ Gaylord, Chris. "Peter Carl Fabergé: How Communism crushed the Faberge egg". Christian Science Monitor. ISSN 0882-7729. Retrieved 2015-11-19.
- 1 2 "Mona Hatoum - Palestinian Artist Displays Her Work in New York Gallery (Images)". Xpatnation. Retrieved 2015-11-19.
- ↑ "Oral history interview with Josine Ianco-Starrels, 1989 June 15 - Oral Histories | Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution". www.aaa.si.edu. Retrieved 2015-11-18.
- ↑ Gatrell, Peter (2013-09-05). The Making of the Modern Refugee. OUP Oxford. ISBN 9780191655692.
- ↑ "Interview: Anish Kapoor is the biggest name in art". www.thejc.com. Retrieved 2015-11-18.
- ↑ "Archives: ITP 55: Broadway Boogie-Woogie, by Piet Mondrian". www.andrewgrahamdixon.com. Archived from the original on 2015-11-19. Retrieved 2015-11-18.
- ↑ "Camille Pissarro paintings, biography, and quotes". www.camillepissarro.org. Retrieved 2015-11-19.
- ↑ "Artwork highlights - 'Bust of Alfred Wolmark' (painted plaster and bronze versions), by Henri Gaudier-Brzeska (1891-1915)". www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk. Retrieved 2015-11-19.
- ↑ Brewerton, David. "Raymond Burton obituary". the Guardian. Retrieved 2015-11-19.
- 1 2 "Huguenots among most successful of Britain's immigrants". The Independent. Retrieved 2015-11-19.
- ↑ "From India, penniless Madhvani made a fortune in Uganda". www.newvision.co.ug. Archived from the original on 2015-07-10. Retrieved 2015-11-19.
- ↑ "Top 10 refugee contributions". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 2015-11-19.
- ↑ Milton, Giles (2011-10-13). Paradise Lost. Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 9781444731798.
- ↑ "Tran, Sieng Van". UNHCR. Retrieved 2015-11-19.
- ↑ "Holocaust survivor repays ultimate debt via rescue of Syrian Christians". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 2015-11-19.
- ↑ Bardsley, Gillian (2006-01-01). Issigonis: The Official Biography. Icon. ISBN 9781840467789.
- 1 2 "Emotional ties with designer Tanya Sarne". Mail Online. Retrieved 2015-11-19.
- ↑ "Pickle king Lakhubhai Pathak's family in bitter fight over inheritance : International - India Today". indiatoday.intoday.in. Retrieved 2015-11-19.
- 1 2 3 "Refugee Businesses Defy Scrounger Stereotype". The Huffington Post UK. Retrieved 2015-11-19.
- ↑ "UNHCR - Prominent Refugees". www.unhcr.org. Retrieved 2015-11-18.
- 1 2 Inglis, Anne. "Obituary: Siegmund Nissel". the Guardian. Retrieved 2015-11-20.
- ↑ Driver, Christopher; Inglis, Anne. "Obituary: Norbert Brainin". the Guardian. Retrieved 2015-11-20.
- ↑ "Gloria Estefan on leaving Cuba". Entertainment Weekly's EW.com. Retrieved 2015-11-20.
- ↑ Smith, Andrew (2002-03-09). "Elastica limits". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2015-11-20.
- ↑ "Embarrassment for Wyclef as bid to become president of Haiti is foiled... because he is not a resident there". Mail Online. Retrieved 2015-11-20.
- ↑ "Refugee in Canada | K'Naan – The Dusty Foot Troubadour". www.rcinet.ca. Retrieved 2015-11-19.
- ↑ Otte, Marline (2006-07-03). Jewish Identities in German Popular Entertainment, 1890–1933. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107320888.
- ↑ "Zanzibar Has a Freddie Mercury Problem | VICE | Canada". VICE. Retrieved 2015-11-20.
- ↑ "V Festival 2010: Mika interview". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 2015-11-20.
- ↑ "MIA: 'I'm here for the people' | Pop interview". the Guardian. Retrieved 2015-11-20.
- ↑ "Rita Ora Reveals Traumatic Refugee Past". EntertainmentWise. Archived from the original on 2015-10-30. Retrieved 2015-11-20.
- ↑ ""Jag är både helgon och djävul" - DN.SE". DN.SE (in Swedish). Retrieved 2015-11-20.
- ↑ Kimmelman, Michael (1987-08-17). "Peter Schidlof Is Dead at 65; The Amadeus Quartet Violist". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2015-11-20.
- ↑ Feisst, Sabine (2011-02-02). Schoenbergs New World: The American Years. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199792634.
- ↑ "How We Met: Alain Boublil and Claude-Michel Schonberg". The Independent. Retrieved 2015-11-20.
- ↑ "Kiss rocker Gene Simmons back in Israel after 51 years". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. Retrieved 2015-11-20.
- ↑ Vulliamy, Ed. "Georg Solti: the making of a musical colossus". the Guardian. Retrieved 2015-11-20.
- ↑ "Oscar Straus, Noted Composer, Dead; Fled Nazis in Vienna, Paris". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Retrieved 2015-11-20.
- ↑ "The Johann Strauss Society of Great Britain — Composers — Robert Stolz". www.johann-strauss.org.uk. Retrieved 2015-11-20.
- ↑ Tauber, Diana Napier (1959). My Heart And I. London: Evans Brothers.
- ↑ "An Interview With Immortal Technique: Orator Of The Opposition". BallerStatus.com. Retrieved 2015-11-20.
- 1 2 "UNHCR - Prominent Refugees". www.unhcr.org. Retrieved 2015-11-18.
- ↑ "von Trapp, Maria Agusta and family". UNHCR. Retrieved 2015-11-20.
- ↑ Albright, Madeleine. "Madeleine Albright: ISIS Wants Us to Think Refugees Are the Enemy". TIME.com. Retrieved 2015-11-18.
- ↑ "Youth Time magazine - We Refugees: An Enlightening Essay By Hannah Arendt". www.youth-time.eu. Retrieved 2015-11-19.
- ↑ d'Entreves, Maurizio Passerin (2014-01-01). Zalta, Edward N., ed. Hannah Arendt (Summer 2014 ed.).
- ↑ "Refugee in Canada | Her Excellency the Right Honourable Adrienne Clarkson – Wisdom and Experience". www.rcinet.ca. Retrieved 2015-11-19.
- ↑ "Refugee in Canada | The Right Honourable Michaelle Jean – Witness to Struggle and Triumph". www.rcinet.ca. Retrieved 2015-11-19.
- ↑ "These Famous People Were Refugees". The Huffington Post. 2015-11-20. Retrieved 2016-05-14.
- ↑ "http://www.german-way.com/notable-people/featured-bios/karl-marx/". www.german-way.com. Retrieved 2015-11-20. External link in
|title=(help) - ↑ International, Radio Canada. "Maryam Monsef, Afghan refugee to MP". Radio Canada International. Retrieved 2015-11-18.
- ↑ "May 2 - May 8". www.glenbow.org. Retrieved 2015-11-20.
- ↑ Lakasing, Edin (2005-09-01). "Michael Balint — an outstanding medical life". The British Journal of General Practice. 55 (518): 724–725. ISSN 0960-1643. PMC 1464079. PMID 16176748.
- 1 2 "http://www.german-way.com/notable-people/featured-bios/sigmund-freud/". www.german-way.com. Retrieved 2015-11-21. External link in
|title=(help) - ↑ "Gellner Interview". www.lse.ac.uk. Retrieved 2015-11-29.
- ↑ "Obituary: Stephan Körner". the Guardian. Retrieved 2015-11-29.
- ↑ "Lévi-Strauss, Claude". UNHCR. Retrieved 2015-11-29.
- ↑ "Karl Popper". Jewish Online Museum. Retrieved 2015-11-29.
- ↑ Mic. "The Story of How Dr. Ruth Became Famous Will Make You Love Her Even More". Mic. Retrieved 2016-06-09.
- ↑ "Dr. Ruth Westheimer on Her Past as an Army Sniper and Clubbing with JFK Jr". Observer. 2014-11-20. Retrieved 2016-06-09.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Byzantine Rome and the Greek Popes. Andrew J. Ekonomou, 2007
- ↑ Blatty, David (July 6, 2012). "The 14th Dalai Lama Celebrates His 77th Birthday". Biography.com. A&E Television Networks. Retrieved June 8, 2016.
- ↑ "Refugee in Canada | Vincent Ngyuen – From Boatperson to Bishop". www.rcinet.ca. Retrieved 2015-11-19.
- ↑ "Losing Everything Twice: President Uchtdorf's Refugee Experience". The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Church News. May 5, 2016. Retrieved February 21, 2017.
- ↑ Brandt, Richard L. (2011-06-28). The Google Guys: Inside the Brilliant Minds of Google Founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin. Penguin. ISBN 9781101535318.
- ↑ Georgiadou, Maria (2013-12-01). Constantin Carathéodory: Mathematics and Politics in Turbulent Times. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9783642185625.
- 1 2 "UNHCR - Prominent Refugees". www.unhcr.org. Retrieved 2015-11-18.
- ↑ "Enrico Fermi". Atomic Heritage Foundation. Retrieved 2015-11-19.
- ↑ Jewish Chronicle, April 20, 2007 p.3
- ↑ http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/history/2011/08/charles-proteus-steinmetz-the-wizard-of-schenectady/
- ↑ Crown, Sarah (2007-06-02). "1984 is definitive book of the 20th century, says survey". the Guardian. Retrieved 2016-05-14.
- ↑ "Anne Frank and her family were also denied entry as refugees to the U.S." Washington Post. Retrieved 2016-06-09.
- ↑ Times, David Binder, Special To The New York (1990-10-26). "Top Albania Writer Seeks Asylum In France, a Blow to His President". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2015-11-19.
- ↑ "Statue of Soviet Dissident Solzhenitsyn Vandalized With 'Judas' Sign | News". The Moscow Times. Retrieved 2015-11-19.
- ↑ Kaufman, Michael T. (2008-08-04). "Solzhenitsyn, Literary Giant Who Defied Soviets, Dies at 89". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2015-11-19.
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