List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals

List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals.

Plants

Minimally psychoactive plants which contain mainly caffeine and theobromine:

coffee
tea (caffeine in tea is sometimes called theine) – also contains theanine
guarana (caffeine in guarana is sometimes called guaranine)
yerba mate (caffeine in yerba mate is sometimes called mateine)
cocoa
kola

Most known psychoactive plants:

cannabis: cannabinoids
tobacco: nicotine and beta-carboline alkaloids
coca: cocaine
opium poppy: morphine, codeine and other opiates
salvia divinorum: salvinorin A
khat: cathine and cathinone
kava: kavalactones
nutmeg: myristicin

Solanaceae plants—contain atropine, hyoscyamine and scopolamine

Datura
Deadly nightshade (Atropa belladona)
Henbane (Hyoscyamus niger)
Mandrake (Mandragora officinarum)
other Solanaceae

Cacti with mescaline:

Other plants:

kratom: mitragynine, mitraphylline, 7-hydroxymitragynine, raubasine and corynantheidine
ephedra: ephedrine
damiana
Calea zacatechichi
Silene capensis
valerian: valerian (the chemical with the same name)
various plants like chacruna, jurema, vilca, and yopo – 5-MeO-DMT
Morning glory and Hawaiian Baby Woodrose – lysergic acid amide (LSA, ergine)
Ayahuasca
Tabernanthe iboga ("Iboga")—ibogaine
Areca catechu (see: betel and paan)—arecoline
Rauvolfia serpentina: rauwolscine
yohimbe (Pausinystalia yohimbe): yohimbine, corynantheidine
probably many others

Fungi

Fungi:

psilocybin mushrooms: psilocybin and psilocin
various Amanita mushrooms: bufotenin
Amanita muscaria: ibotenic acid and muscimol
Claviceps purpurea and other Clavicipitaceae: ergotamine
Dictyonema huaorani: Psilocybin, DMT and 5-MeO-DMT

Animals

Psychoactive animals:

fire salamander: samandarin
hallucinogenic fish
psychoactive toads: bufotenin, Bufo alvarius (Colorado River toad or Sonoran Desert toad) also contains 5-MeO-DMT
Several sea sponges: brominated DMT analogs, notably 5-Bromo-DMT:
- Smenospongia aurea^[1]
- Smenospongia echina^[1]
- Verongula rigida: also contains 5,6-Dibromo-DMT, et al.^[1]
- Eudistoma fragum: 5-bromo-DMT^[1]
- Paramuricea chamaeleon: DMT, NMT^[1]

Tree frogs belonging to the genus Phyllomedusa, notably P. bicolor: opioid peptides including deltorphin, deltorphin I, deltorphin II and dermorphin.

See also

References

1 2 3 4 5 Shulgin, Alexander (1997). TIHKAL: The Continuation. Transform Press. ISBN 9780963009692.

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