List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as hate groups

The following is a list of U.S.-based organizations classified by the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) as hate groups.[1] The SPLC defines hate groups as those that "... have beliefs or practices that attack or malign an entire class of people, typically for their immutable characteristics."[1] The SPLC states that: "Hate group activities can include criminal acts, marches, rallies, speeches, meetings, leafleting or publishing." The SPLC adds that "Listing here does not imply that a group advocates or engages in violence or other criminal activity".[1] Since 1981, the SPLC's Intelligence Project has published a quarterly Intelligence Report which monitors what the SPLC considers to be hate groups in the United States.[2]

The Intelligence Report provides information regarding the organizational efforts and tactics of these groups, and it is cited by a number of scholars as a reliable and comprehensive source on U.S. hate groups.[3][4][5] The SPLC also publishes the HateWatch Weekly newsletter, which documents racism and extremism, and the Hatewatch blog, whose subtitle is "Keeping an Eye on the Radical Right".[6]

Some of the listed groups have objected to the SPLC's designation. For example, the Family Research Council disputed its designation in 2010,[7] and the Center for Immigration Studies disputed the SPLC anti-immigrant designation in 2016.[8] The SPLC's hate group listings have also been criticized by some political observers and prominent Republicans. Critics include Ken Silverstein, Laird Wilcox, Dana Milbank, John Boehner and Michele Bachmann.[9][10]

Types of groups

In its 2014 annual report, published in March 2015, the SPLC counted 784 "active hate groups in the United States": 72 Ku Klux Klan (KKK) groups, 142 neo-Nazi groups, 115 white nationalist groups, 119 racist skinhead groups, 113 black separatist groups, 37 neo-Confederate groups, 21 Christian Identity groups, and 165 "general hate" groups (subdivided into anti-LGBT, anti-immigrant, Holocaust denial, racist music, radical traditionalist Catholic, anti-Muslim, and "other").[11]

In its 2015 annual report, published in February 2016, the SPLC counted 892 active hate groups in the U.S., an increase from the previous year. Of these, 190 were KKK groups, 94 were neo-Nazi groups, 85 were white nationalist groups, 95 were racist skinhead groups, 19 were Christian Identity groups, 35 were neo-Confederate groups, 180 were black separatist groups, and 184 were classified as "general hate groups" (subdivided into anti-LGBT, anti-Immigrant, Holocaust denial, racist music, and radical traditionalist Catholic groups, with an additional "other" sub-category).[12]

According to a 2016 analysis by the SPLC, hate groups in general are on the rise in the United States.[13]

In 2015, the number of KKK chapters nationwide grew from 72 to 190. The SPLC released a similar report stating that "there were significant increases in Klan as well as black separatist groups."[13] According to Mark Potok at the SPLC, Donald Trump's presidential campaign speeches "demonizing statements about Latinos and Muslims have electrified the radical right, leading to glowing endorsements from white nationalist leaders such as Jared Taylor and former Klansman David Duke".[14]

According to a 2017 analysis by the SPLC, hate groups in general are on the rise in the United States. it was the third straight year to witness a rise. There were 233 chapters of black nationalist hate groups, such as the Nation of Islam, in 2017, as compared to 193 the previous year. black nationalist hate organisations, grew by 22 percent last year, Neo-Nazi groups, which the year before had numbered 99, saw the largest increase, growing by 22 percent and reaching 121 groups across the country, Anti-government groups grew from 623 in 2016 to 689 last year, Meanwhile, KKK chapters declined drastically, decreasing from 130 in 2016 to 72 last year.[15]

Organized hate

Ku Klux Klan

Number of Klan groups listed over time[12][16][17]
Year Number listed
1990 28
2010 221
2013 163
2014 72
2015 190
2016 130
2017 72

The Ku Klux Klan, often abbreviated KKK and informally known as the Klan, is the name of three distinct past and present groupings.[18]

The following groups have been listed as active Klan groups in the SPLC's annual reports (year(s) in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):

  • American Christian Dixie Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2017)[17]
  • American Confederate Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2017)[17]
  • Aryan Nations Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2014, 2015)[11][12]
  • Christian American Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2016)[16]
  • Church of the American Christian Knights (2017)[17]
  • Church of the National Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2016, 2017)[16][17]
  • Confederate White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2015, 2016, 2017)[12][16][17]
  • East Coast Knights of the True Invisible Empire (2015, 2016, 2017)[12][16][17]
  • Eastern White Knights of the KKK (2015)[12]
  • Exalted Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2017)[17]
  • Fraternal Order of the Cross (2014)[11]
  • Georgia Knight Riders of the Ku Klux Klan (2016)[16]
  • Global Crusaders: Order of the Ku Klux Klan (2017)[17]
  • Great Lakes Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2016)[16]
  • Imperial Klans of America, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2014, 2015)[11][12]
  • International Keystone Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017)[11][12][16][17]
  • Karolina Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2015)[12]
  • KKKRadio (2014, 2015)[11][12]
  • Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017)[11][12][16][17]
  • Knights of the White Disciples (2016, 2017)[16][17]
  • Knights Party Veterans League (2014, 2015)[11][12]
  • Ku Klos Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017)[11][12][16][17]
  • Loyal White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017)[11][12][16][17]
  • Militant Knights Ku Klux Klan (2015, 2016)[12][16]
  • Mississippi White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2014, 2015, 2017)[11][12][17]
  • Nordic Order Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2016, 2017)[16][17]
  • North Mississippi White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2017)[16]
  • Oklahoma Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2015)[12]
  • Old Dominion Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2016)[16]
  • Old Glory Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2016)[16]
  • Original Knight Riders Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017)[11][12][16][17]
  • Original Knights of America, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2017)[17]
  • Outlaw Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2016)[16]
  • Pacific Coast Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2016, 2017)[16][17]
  • Patriotic Brigade Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2016, 2017)[16][17]
  • Rebel Brigade Knights True Invisible Empire (2015, 2016, 2017)[12][16][17]
  • Rocky Mountain Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2014)[11]
  • Sacred Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2017)[17]
  • Soldiers of the Cross Training Institute (2014, 2015)[11][12]
  • Southern Mountain Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2014)[11]
  • Southern Ohio Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2016, 2017)[16][17]
  • Texas Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2014, 2015)[11][12]
  • Texas Rebel Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2015, 2016, 2017)[12][16][17]
  • Traditional Confederate Knights (2015)[12]
  • Traditional Rebel Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2014, 2015)[11][12]
  • Traditionalist American Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017)[11][12][16][17]
  • Trinity White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2014, 2015)[11][12]
  • True Invisible Empire Knights / True Invisible Empire Traditionalist American Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2014, 2015)[11][12]
  • United Dixie White Knights/United Dixie White Knights Ku Klux Klan (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017)[11][12][16][17]
  • United Klans of America (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017)[11][12][16][17]
  • United Northern and Southern Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017)[11][12][16][17]
  • United White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017)[11][12][16][17]
  • Western White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2015)[12]
  • White Camelia Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2015)[12]
  • White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan of America (2017)[17]

Neo-Nazi

Number of Neo-Nazi groups listed over time[12][16]
Year Number listed
2003 149
2004 158
2005 157
2006 191
2007 207
2008 196
2009 161
2010 170
2011 170
2012 138
2013 143
2014 142
2015 94
2016 99
2017 121

Neo-Nazism consists of post-World War II social or political movements seeking to revive Nazism or related ideologies. Common aspects of modern-day Neo-Nazism include hatred and/or fear of minorities such as blacks, Hispanics, lesbian, gay, and transgender people, non-white immigrants, and sometimes even Christians but their main hatred is focused on the Jews (their "cardinal enemy")[19][20][21][22]

The following groups have been listed as active neo-Nazi groups in the SPLC's annual reports (year(s) in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):

White separatist/nationalist

Number of white nationalist hate groups listed over time[12][16][28]
Year Number listed
2003 92
2004 99
2005 111
2006 110
2007 125
2008 111
2009 132
2010 136
2011 146
2012 135
2013 128
2014 115
2015 95
2016 100
2017 100

White nationalism is a political ideology that advocates a racial definition of national identity for white people (as opposed to multiculturalism) and a separate all-white nation state. White separatism and white supremacy are subgroups within white nationalism.[29][30][31][32][33][34]

The SPLC notes that "Groups listed in several other categories – Ku Klux Klan, neo-Confederate, neo-Nazi, racist Skinhead, and Christian Identity – could also be described as white nationalist."[16] The following groups have been listed as active white separatist/white nationalist groups in the SPLC's annual reports (year(s) in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):

Racist skinheads

Number of racist skinhead hate groups listed over time[12][16][36]
Year Number listed
2003 39
2004 48
2005 56
2006 78
2007 90
2008 98
2009 122
2010 136
2011 133
2012 138
2013 126
2014 119
2015 95
2016 78
2017 71

Racist skinhead groups are a white supremacist and anti-semitic offshoot of the skinhead subculture[37][38][39] and many of them are affiliated with white nationalist organizations.[40][41][42]

The following groups have been listed as active racist skinhead groups in the SPLC's annual reports (year(s) in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):

Anti-government movement

In 2016, the SPLC identified 623 groups that belonged to the antigovernment movement; about a quarter of these were part of the militia movement. A subset within the antigovernment movement is the "sovereign citizen" movement. The SPLC states that "Generally, antigovernment groups define themselves as opposed to the 'New World Order, engage in groundless conspiracy theorizing, or advocate or adhere to extreme antigovernment doctrines. Antigovernment groups do not necessarily advocate or engage in violence or other criminal activities, though some have. Many warn of impending government violence or the need to prepare for a coming revolution. Many antigovernment groups are not racist."[44]

The SPLC has listed a number of antigovernment groups, including Oath Keepers, various 3 Percenters groups (also styled III%ers), the John Birch Society, Renew America, the Moorish Science Temple of America 1928.[44]

Black separatist/nationalist

Number of black separatist hate groups listed over time[12][16][45]
Year Number listed
2003 136
2004 108
2005 106
2006 88
2007 81
2008 112
2009 121
2010 149
2011 140
2012 151
2013 115
2014 113
2015 180
2016 193
2017 233

Black separatism is a movement which historically sought to create separate institutions for black people. Some black nationalist groups, most notably the Nation of Islam and the New Black Panther Party have preached hatred of White people, Jews and Homosexuals.[46]

The following groups have been listed as active black separatist groups in the SPLC's annual reports (year(s) in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):

Neo-Confederate

Number of neo-Confederate hate groups listed over time[12][16][48]
Year Number listed
2003 91
2004 97
2005 99
2006 102
2007 104
2008 93
2009 68
2010 42
2011 32
2012 30
2013 36
2014 37
2015 35
2016 43
2017 31

The SPLC classifies neo-Confederate groups as those with "a reactionary, revisionist predilection for symbols of the Confederate States of America (CSA), typically paired with a strong belief in the validity of the failed doctrines of nullification and secession — in the specific context of the antebellum South."[48]

The following groups have been listed as active neo-Confederate groups in the SPLC's annual reports (year(s) in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):

Christian Identity

Number of Christian Identity hate groups listed over time[12][16][50]
Year Number listed
2003 31
2004 28
2005 35
2006 37
2007 36
2008 39
2009 37
2010 26
2011 55
2012 54
2013 37
2014 21
2015 19
2016 21
2017 20

Christian Identity is a label applied to a wide variety of loosely affiliated believers and churches with a white supremacist and antisemitic theology that emphasizes that White people are the true descendants of the Lost Tribes of Israel.[51]

The following groups have been listed as Christian Identity hate groups in the SPLC's annual reports (year(s) in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):

  • 11th Hour Remnant Messenger (2014)[52]
  • America's Promise Ministries (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017)[52][12][16][50]
  • Christian American Ministries (2016, 2017)[16][50]
  • Christian Identity Church – Aryan Nations (2014)[52]
  • Christian Revival Center (2015, 2016, 2017)[12][16][50]
  • Church of Israel (2016, 2017)[16][50]
  • Church of the Sons of YHVH or Church of the Sons of YHWH (2014, 2015)[52][12]
  • Covenant Nation Church of the Lord Jesus Christ (2017)[50]
  • Covenant People's Ministry (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017)[52][12][16][50]
  • Divine International Church of the Web (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017)[52][12][16][50]
  • Divine Truth Ministries (2016, 2017)[16][50]
  • Ecclesiastical Council for the Restoration of Covenant Israel (ECRCI) (2014, 2015)[52][12]
  • Euro Folk Radio (2016, 2017)[16][50]
  • Faith Baptist Church and Ministry (2015)[12]
  • Fellowship of God's Covenant People (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017)[52][12][16][50]
  • First Baptist Church and Ministry (2014)[52]
  • First Century Christian Ministries (2014)[52]
  • Holy Order Ministry (2014)[52]
  • Identity Nation (2014)[52]
  • Kingdom Identity Ministries (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017)[52][12][50]
  • Kinsman Redeemer Ministries (2014, 2015, 2016)[52][12][16]
  • Knights of the Holy Identity (2014)[52]
  • Mission to Israel (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017)[52][12][16][50]
  • Non-Universal Teaching Ministries/Christogenea (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017)[52][12][16][50]
  • Our Place Fellowship (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017)[52][12][16][50]
  • Sacred Truth Publishing & Ministries (2016, 2017)[16][50]
  • Scriptures for America Ministries/Scriptures for America Worldwide Ministries (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017)[52][12][50]
  • Shepherd's Call Ministries, The (2014)[52]
  • Thomas Robb Ministries (2014, 2015)[52][12]
  • Truth in History (2017)[50]
  • United Identity Church of Christ (2014)[52]
  • Virginia Publishing Company (2014, 2015, 2016)[52][12][16]
  • Watchmen Bible Study Group (2014, 2015)[52][12]
  • Weisman Publications (2014, 2015, 2016)[52][12][16]
  • Yahushua Dual Seed Christian Identity Ministry (2016, 2017)[16][50]
  • Yahweh's Truth (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017)[52][12][16][50]

General hate

Anti-LGBT

Anti-LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) or anti-gay can refer to activities in certain categories (or combinations of categories): attitudes against or discrimination against LGBT people, violence against LGBT people, LGBT rights opposition and religious opposition to homosexuality.

The following groups have been listed as active anti-LGBT hate groups in the SPLC's annual reports (year(s) in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):

Anti-immigrant

The groups in SPLC's anti-immigrant category are described as xenophobic, publishing racist propaganda, and/or confronting or harassing immigrants and their supporters.[56]

The following groups have been listed as active anti-immigrant hate groups in the SPLC's annual reports (year(s) in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):

Holocaust denial

Holocaust denial groups are those which reject or deny the history of the Holocaust.[59]

The following groups have been listed as active Holocaust denial groups in the SPLC's annual reports (year(s) in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):

Male supremacy

The SPLC added misogynistic male supremacy groups to its hate groups list for the first time in its 2017 report (issued in 2018), stating, "The vilification of women by these groups makes them no different than other groups that demean entire populations, such as the LGBT community, Muslims or Jews, based on their inherent characteristics."[62]

Neo-Volkisch

In its 2017 report (issued in 2018), the SPLC added Neo-Volkisch Asatru pagan groups to its hate group list. The SPLC described these groups as "[b]orn out of an atavistic defiance of modernity and rationalism, present day Neo-Volkisch adherents and groups are organized ethnocentricity and archaic notions of gender."[27]

  • Asatru Folk Assembly (2017)[27]
  • Folkgard of Holda and Odin (2017)[27]
  • Gallows Tree Wotansvolk Alliance (2017)[27] – listed in previous years in neo-Nazi category
  • Gallows Tree Wotansvolk (2017)[27]
  • Hoosier Headhunters Fight Club (2017)[27]
  • The Gallowglasses Fight Club (2017)[27]
  • The Varangians Fight Club (2017)[27]
  • Wolf Age (2017)[27]
  • Wolves of Vinland (2017)[27] – listed in previous years in white separatist/nationalist category

Racist music/hate music

White power music is music that promotes white nationalism and expresses racism against non-whites. Genres include Nazi punk, Rock Against Communism, hatecore and National Socialist black metal.[63][64][65]

The following groups have been listed as active racist music/hate music groups in the SPLC's annual reports (year(s) in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):

Radical traditional Catholicism

According to the Southern Poverty Law Center, radical traditionalist Catholics who "may make up the largest single group of serious anti-Semites in America", subscribe to an ideology that is rejected by the Vatican.[69]

The following groups have been listed as active radical traditional Catholic hate groups in the SPLC's annual reports (year(s) in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):

Anti-Muslim

Anti-Muslim hate groups are described by the SPLC as groups which exhibit extreme hostility toward Muslims, depicting them as fundamentally alien, irrational, intolerant and violent, and portraying Western Muslims as a "fifth column" collectively seeking to take over the West, and Islam of "sanctioning pedophilia, coupled with intolerance for homosexuals and women".[73]

The following groups have been listed as anti-Muslim hate groups in the SPLC's annual reports (year(s) in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):

Other

The following groups have been listed as other/miscellaneous hate groups in the SPLC's annual reports (year(s) in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Hate Map". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved December 7, 2015.
  2. ↑ "Intelligence Report". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved December 7, 2015.
  3. ↑ Rory McVeigh. "Structured Ignorance and Organized Racism in the United States", Social Forces, Vol. 82, No. 3, (March 2004), p. 913 via JSTOR
  4. ↑ Chalmers, Mark David (2003). Backfire: how the Ku Klux Klan Helped the civil rights movement, Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, ISBN 074252311X p. 188
  5. ↑ Brett A. Barnett (2007). Untangling the web of hate: are online "hate sites" deserving of First Amendment Protection?. Cambria Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-1934043912.
  6. ↑ "Hatewatch Weekly". Southern Poverty Law Center. Archived from the original on August 21, 2007. Retrieved September 18, 2007.
  7. ↑ Frumin, Ben (November 20, 2010). "Family Research Council Rips SPLC Over 'Slanderous' Hate Group Designation". talkingpointsmemo.com. Talking Points Memo. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
  8. ↑ Sherman, Amy (March 22, 2017). "Is the Center for Immigration Studies a hate group, as the Southern Poverty Law Center says?". Politifact Florida. Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
  9. ↑ Silverstein, Ken (March 22, 2010). "'Hate,' Immigration, and the Southern Poverty Law Center". Harpers.org. Harper's Magazine. Retrieved 2017-05-02.
  10. ↑ Jonsson, Patrik (February 23, 2011). "Annual report cites rise in hate groups, but some ask: What is hate?", Christian Science Monitor. accessed 2 May 2017.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 "Active Hate Groups in the United States in 2014". Southern Poverty Law Center. 10 March 2015. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 Active Hate Groups in the United States in 2015, Southern Poverty Law Center (February 4, 2016).
  13. 1 2 "The Year in Hate and Extremism". Southern Poverty Law.
  14. ↑ "How Anonymous Is Fighting White Supremacy Online".
  15. ↑ "Hate groups in US grow for third straight year: SPLC". www.aljazeera.com.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 Active Hate Groups 2016, Intelligence Report (February 15, 2017).
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 2017 KKK hate groups, Southern Poverty Law Center.
  18. ↑ See, in general:
    • O'Donnell, Patrick (Editor), 2006. Ku Klux Klan America's First Terrorists Exposed, p. 210; ISBN 1419649787.
    • Chalmers, David Mark, 2003. Backfire: How the Ku Klux Klan Helped the Civil Rights Movement, p. 163. ISBN 978-0742523111.
    • Berlet, Chip; Lyons, Matthew Nemiroff (2000). Right-wing populism in America: too close for comfort. Guilford Press. p. 60; ISBN 978-1572305625.
    • Rory McVeigh, The rise of the Ku Klux Klan: right-wing movements and national politics organizations. University of Minnesota Press. 2009. ISBN 978-0816656196
    • Charles Quarles, The Ku Klux Klan and related American racialist and antisemitic organizations: a history and analysis, McFarland, 1999. ISBN 978-0786438877
    • Levin, Brian "Cyberhate: A Legal and Historical Analysis of Extremists' Use of Computer Networks in America" in Perry, Barbara (editor). Hate and Bias Crime: A Reader. p. 112 ISBN 978-0415944083
  19. ↑ Lee McGowan (2002). The Radical Right in Germany: 1870 to the Present. Pearson Education. pp. 9, 178. ISBN 0582291933. OCLC 49785551.
  20. ↑ Lee, Martin A. 1997. The Beast Reawakens. Boston: Little, Brown and Co, pp. 85–118, 214–34, 277–81, 287–330, 333–78. On Volk concept", and a discussion of ethnonationalist integralism, see pp. 215–18
  21. ↑ Ondřej Cakl & Klára Kalibová (2002). "Neo-Nazism". Faculty of Humanities at Charles University in Prague, Department of Civil Society Studies. Retrieved December 8, 2007. Neo-Nazism: An ideology that draws upon the legacy of the Nazi Third Reich, the main pillars of which are an admiration for Adolf Hitler, aggressive nationalism ("nothing but the nation"), and hatred of Jews, foreigners, ethnic minorities, homosexuals and everyone who is different in some way.
  22. ↑ Werner Bergmann; Rainer Erb (1997). Anti-Semitism in Germany: The Post-Nazi Epoch Since 1945. Transaction Publishers. p. 91. ISBN 1560002700. OCLC 35318351. In contrast to today, in which rigid authoritarianism and neo-Nazism are characteristic of marginal groups, open or latent leanings toward Nazi ideology in the 1940s and 1950s
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 2017 neo-Nazi hate groups, Southern Poverty Law Center.
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 "Active Neo-Nazi Groups". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
  25. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 "Active White Nationalist Groups". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
  26. ↑ Mark Potok, The Year in Hate and Extremism: 2017 Spring Issue, Intelligence Report, Southern Poverty Law Center (February 15, 2017): "The Daily Stormer, the website whose chief came up with the term 'Our Glorious Leader' for Trump, expanded into real-world activism by starting 31 'clubs.'"
  27. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2017 neo-Volkisch hate groups, Southern Poverty Law Center.
  28. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 2017 white nationalist hate groups, Southern Poverty Law Center.
  29. ↑ Swain, Carol M. (April 11, 2003). "Interviews offer unprecedented look into the world and words of the new white nationalism". Vanderbilt University.
  30. ↑ The New Nativism; The alarming overlap between white nationalists and mainstream anti-immigrant forces. The American Prospect November, 2005
  31. ↑ McConnell, Scott (August–September 2002). "The New White Nationalism in America". First Things.
  32. ↑ The Hispanic challenge. Foreign Policy, March 1, 2004.
  33. ↑ Despite new leaders, tactics and ideas, the goal of white separatists remains to convince Americans that racial separation is the only way to survive. National Public Radio (NPR) August 14, 2003 Thursday
  34. ↑ David Glenn, Can We Improve Race Relations by Giving Racists Some of What They Want?, The Chronicle of Higher Education, July 19, 2002.
  35. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Active Anti-Immigrant Groups". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 9, 2014.
  36. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 2017 racist skinhead hate groups, Southern Poverty Law Center.
  37. ↑ "White Power Music". Anti-Defamation League. 2005. Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. Retrieved October 7, 2007.
  38. ↑ "Immigration Fueling White Supremacists". CBS News. February 6, 2007.
  39. ↑ "New York Times – "Neo-Nazi Activity Is Arising Among U.S. Youth"". Partners.nytimes.com. June 13, 1988. Retrieved January 24, 2012.
  40. ↑ "Southern Poverty Law Center – Hammerskin Nation". Splcenter.org. April 16, 2008. Retrieved January 24, 2012.
  41. ↑ Phyllis B. Gerstenfeld, Diana Ruth Grant, "Crimes of hate – Chapter:Target recruitment of Nazi Skinheads", pp. 217–18.
  42. ↑ Betty A. Dobratz, Stephanie L. Shanks-Meile, "The white separatist movement in the United States", pp. 69–70.
  43. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 "Active Racist Skinhead Groups". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
  44. 1 2 Antigoverment Movement, Southern Poverty Law Center.
  45. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2017 black nationalist hate groups, Southern Poverty Law Center.
  46. ↑ Pauker, Guy J. (June 1969) Black Nationalism and Prospects for Violence in the Ghetto (P-4118), rand.org. pdf accessed March 6, 2017.
  47. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Active Black Separatist Groups". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 9, 2014.
  48. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2017 neo-Confederate hate groups, Southern Poverty Law Center.
  49. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Active Neo-Confederate Groups". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
  50. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2017 Christian identity hate groups, Southern Poverty Law Center.
  51. ↑ For background see:
    • Eck, Diane (2001). A New Religious America: How a "Christian Country" has become the world's most religiously diverse nation. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. p. 347.
    • Buck, Christopher (2009). Religious Myths and Visions of America: How Minority Faiths Redefined America's World Role. Praeger. pp. 107–08, 213. ISBN 978-0313359590.
    • "Christian Identity". Adl.org. Archived from the original on January 19, 2012. Retrieved January 24, 2012.
    • Barkun, Michael (1996). "preface". Religion and the Racist Right: The Origins of the Christian Identity Movement. University of North Carolina Press. pp. x, xii, xiii. ISBN 0807823287.
  52. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 "Active Christian Identity Groups". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 9, 2014.
  53. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 "Active Anti-LGBT Groups". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 9, 2014.
  54. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 2017 anti-LGBT hate groups, Southern Povety Law Center.
  55. ↑ "SPLC adds 'Sodomist Semen' pastor's church to list of anti-LGBTI hate groups". Gay Star News. 2015-05-16. Retrieved 2016-08-10.
  56. ↑ "Extremist Files: Ideology: Anti-immigrant". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved March 7, 2017.
  57. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2017 anti-immigrant hate groups, Southern Poverty Law Center.
  58. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 "Active Hate Groups in the United States in 2014 – General Hate". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
  59. ↑ In general see:
    • Donald L Niewyk, The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust, Columbia University Press, 2000, p. 45 ISBN 978-0231112017
    • Michael Shermer & Alex Grobman. Denying History: : who Says the Holocaust Never Happened and why Do They Say It?, University of California Press, 2000; ISBN 0520234693, p. 106.
    • Deborah Lipstadt. Denying the Holocaust – The Growing Assault onTruth and Memory, Penguin, 1993; ISBN 0452272742, p. 27.
    • Introduction: Denial as Anti-Semitism Archived June 4, 2011, at the Wayback Machine., "Holocaust Denial: An Online Guide to Exposing and Combating Anti-Semitic Propaganda", Anti-Defamation League, 2001; retrieved June 12, 2007.
    • Lawrence N. Powell, Troubled Memory: Anne Levy, the Holocaust, and David Duke's Louisiana, University of North Carolina Press, 2000, ISBN 0807853747, p. 445.
    • "How many Jews were murdered in the Holocaust? How do we know? Do we have their names?" Archived January 14, 2012, at the Wayback Machine., The Holocaust Resource Center Faqs, Yad Vashem website; accessed February 17, 2011.
    • Mathis, Andrew E. Holocaust Denial, a Definition Archived June 9, 2011, at the Wayback Machine., The Holocaust History Project, July 2, 2004; retrieved December 18, 2006.
    • Michael Shermer and Alex Grobman. Denying History: who Says the Holocaust Never Happened and why Do They Say It?, University of California Press, 2000; ISBN 0520234693, p. 3.
    • Holocaust Denial, Anti-Defamation League, 2001. Retrieved June 28, 2007.
    • The nature of Holocaust denial: What is Holocaust denial?, Institute for Jewish Policy Research, JPR report No. 3, 2000.
  60. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2017 Holocaust denial hate groups, Southern Poverty Law Center.
  61. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Active Holocaust Denial Groups". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 9, 2014.
  62. 1 2 3 "The Year in Hate: Trump buoyed white supremacists in 2017, sparking backlash among black nationalist groups". Southern Poverty Law Center. 2017-12-08. Retrieved 2018-02-21.
  63. ↑ Intelligence Report: a project of the Southern Poverty Law Center, Issues 133–136; Southern Poverty Law Center, Klanwatch Project, Southern Poverty Law Center. Militia Task Force, Publisher Klanwatch, 2009.
  64. ↑ Messner, Beth A., Art Jipson, Paul J. Becker and Bryan Byers. 2007."The Hardest Hate: A Sociological Analysis of Country Hate Music: From Rebel Records to Prussian Blue: A History of White Racialist Music in the United States". Popular Music and Society. 30(4):513–31.
  65. ↑ Pulera, Dominic J.,Sharing the Dream: White Males in a Multicultural America, pp. 309–11.
  66. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2017 hate music groups, Southern Poverty Law Center.
  67. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Active Racist Music Groups". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
  68. ↑ Schmid, Thacher (February 21, 2017). "A Northeast Portland Record Label Lands on a National Hate-Group Registry: The Alberta Street company's top-selling product is the music of an alleged neo-Nazi band from England". Willamette Week. Retrieved May 9, 2017.
  69. ↑ Radical Traditional Catholicism, Intelligence Files, Southern Poverty Law Center, 2011.
  70. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 "Active Radical Traditional Catholicism Groups". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
  71. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2017 radical traditional Catholicism hate groups, Southern Poverty Law Center.
  72. ↑ Heidi Beirich, Radical Powerhouse, Intelligence Report, Southern Poverty Law Center (2015).
  73. ↑ "Anti-Muslim". Southern Poverty Law Center. 2001-09-11. Retrieved 2016-08-10.
  74. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 "Active Anti-Muslim Groups". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 9, 2014.
  75. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 2017 anti-Muslim hate groups, Southern Poverty Law Center.
  76. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 2017 General Hate groups, Southern Poverty Law Center.
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