List of largest optical telescopes in the 19th century
List of largest optical telescopes in the 19th century, are listings of what were, for the time period of the 19th century large optical telescopes. See List of largest optical telescopes in the 20th century for the 1900s. The list includes various refractor and reflector that were active some time between about 1799 to 1901.
Reflectors & refractors
Early reflectors using speculum metal had some of the record-breaking apertures of the day, but not necessarily high performance. Starting in the 1860s metal coated glass ('Silver on glass') reflector telescopes proved more durable, for example the Crossley Reflector, which continued to be used and upgraded even into the 21st century. Telescopes with lenses, especially achromatic doublets were popular in the 19th century. (see also Great Refractor)
(100 cm equals 1 meter)
Legend
| Name/Observatory | Aperture cm (in) |
Type | Location then (Original Site) | Extant* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leviathan of Parsonstown | 183 cm (72″) | reflector – metal | Birr Castle; Ireland | 1845–1908 |
| A.A. Common 60-inch[1] | 152.4 cm (60″) | reflector – glass | England | 1891–1904[1] |
| Herschel 40-foot (1.26 m diam.)[2] | 126 cm(49.5″) | reflector – metal | Observatory House; England | 1789–1815 |
| Great Paris Exhibition Telescope of 1900 | 125 cm (49.21") | achromat – siderostat | Paris 1900 Exposition, France | 1900–1901 |
| Great Melbourne Telescope[3] | 122 cm(48″) | reflector – metal | Melbourne Observatory, Australia | 1878–1889 |
| William Lassell 48-inch[4] | 122 cm(48″) | reflector – metal | Malta | 1861–1865 |
| National Observatory, Paris | 122 cm (48″) | reflector | Paris, France | 1875–1943[1] |
| Yerkes Observatory[5] | 102 cm (40″) | achromat | Williams Bay, Wisconsin, USA | 1897 |
| James Lick telescope, Lick Observatory | 91 cm (36″) | achromat | Mount Hamilton, California, USA | 1888 |
| Crossley Reflector[6] | 91.4 cm(36″) | reflector – glass | Lick Observatory, USA | 1896 |
| A.A. Common Reflector | 91.4 cm(36″) | reflector – glass | Great Britain | 1880–1896 |
| Rosse 36-inch Telescope | 91.4 cm(36″) | reflector – metal | Birr Castle; Ireland | 1826 |
| Grande Lunette, Paris Observatory | 83 cm + 62 cm (32.67" + 24.40") | achromat x2 | Meudon, France | 1891 |
| Potsdam Große Refraktor Astrophysical Observatory Potsdam | 80 cm + 50 cm (31.5"+29.5") | achromat x2 | Potsdam, Deutsches Kaiserreich | 1899 |
| Focault 80 cm, Marseille Observatory [7] | 80 cm (31.5") | reflector-glass | Marseille, France | 1864 |
| Grand Lunette Biscoffscheim, Nice Observatory | 77 cm (30.3″) | achromat | Nice, France[8][9] | 1886 |
| Pulkovo observatory | 76 cm (30″) | achromat | Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire | 1885 |
| Royal Observatory, Greenwich | 76.2 cm (30″) | reflector | Greenwich, England | 1897[1] |
| 28-inch Grubb Refractor Royal Greenwich Observatory | 71 cm (28″) | achromat | Greenwich, London, Great Britain | 1894 |
| Harvard College Observatory | 71 cm (28″) | reflector | United States | 1889[1] |
| Grosse Refractor, Vienna Observatory | 69 cm (26″) | achromat | Vienna, Austrian Empire | 1880[10] |
| Great Treptow Refractor, Treptow Observatory | 68 cm (26.77") | achromat | Berlin, Germany | 1896 |
| McCormick Observatory | 67 cm (26.37") | achromat | Charlottesville, Virginia, USA | 1883 |
| U.S. Naval Observatory | 66 cm (26") | achromat | Washington, DC, USA | 1873 |
| Quito Astronomical Observatory[11] | 66 cm (24") | Great refractor | Quito, Ecuador | 1875 |
| Royal Greenwich Observatory | 66 cm (26") | achromat | Herstmonceux, Great Britain | 1896 |
| Lowell Observatory | 61 cm (24″) | achromat | Arizona, USA | 1896 |
| Craig telescope | 61 cm (24″) | achromat | Wandsworth Common, London[12] | 1852–1857 |
| William Lassell 24-inch[13] | 61 cm(24″) | reflector – metal | Liverpool, England | 1845 |
| Royal Observatory, Edinburgh | 61 cm (24″) | reflector | Greenwich, England | 1872[1] |
| Daramona 24″ reflector[14] | 61 cm (24″) | reflector – glass | Streete, Ireland | 1881–1971 |
| Radcliffe Double Refractor, Radcliffe Observatory | 60/45 cm (23.6″/18") | achromat x2 | Oxford, UK | 1901 |
| Halstead Observatory | 58.4 cm (23″) | achromat | Princeton, USA | 1881 |
| Institut technomatique | 52 cm (20½″) | refractor | Paris | 1857[15] |
| Chamberlin Observatory | 50 cm (20″) | achromat | Colorado, USA | 1891 |
| Nasymth 20″ | 50 cm (20″) | reflector – metal | United Kingdom[16] | 1842 |
| Imperial Observatory (Straßburg) | 48.5 cm (19.1″) | achromat | Straßburg/Strasbourg, German Empire/France | 1880[17] |
| Herschel 20-foot (0.475 m diam.)[18][19] | 47.5 cm (18.5″) | reflector – metal | Observatory House; England | 1782-? |
| 18½-in Dearborn Observatory Refractor | 47 cm (18.5″) | achromat | Chicago (1862–1893), Evanston, Illinois (1893), USA | 1862 |
| Flower Observatory | 46 cm (18″) | achromat | Philadelphia, USA | 1896 |
| Royal Observatory | 46 cm (18″) | achromat | Cape Colony, British Empire (South Africa) | 1897 [20] |
| Harvard Great Refractor, Harvard College Observatory[21] | 38 cm (15″) | achromat | Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA | 1847 |
| Armagh 15- inch Grubb Reflector[22] | 38 cm (15″) | reflector – metal | Armagh Observatory, Northern Ireland | 1835[23] |
| Markree Observatory 13.3″ Grubb/Cauchoix[23] | 34 cm (13.3″) | refractor | County Sligo, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland | 1834[23] |
| Bamberg Refractor Urania Observatory (Berlin) | 31.4 cm (12.36") | achromat | Berlin-Moabit, Prussia / Berlin, Germany | 1889–1963[24] |
| Grubb refractor at Keele Observatory | 31 cm (12.25") | achromat | Oxford, England | 1874 |
| University of Illinois Observatory | 30 cm (12″) | achromat | Urbana, Illinois, USA | 1896 |
| Great refractor of Amici (Amici I), Florence Observatory La Specola | 28.4 cm (11.2″) | achromat | Florence, Italy | 1841 |
| Merz und Mahler (Mitchell cupola), Cincinnati Observatory | 28 cm (11″) | achromat | Cincinnati, Ohio, USA | 1843 |
| Repsold Refractor (10-duims), Leiden Observatory | 26.6 cm (10.5″) | achromat | Leiden, The Netherlands | 1885 |
| Mills Observatory | 25 cm (10″) | achromat | United Kingdom | 1871 |
| Fraunhofer-Refraktor Berlin Observatory | 24 cm (9.6″) | achromat | Berlin-Kreuzberg, Deutsches Kaiserreich (1835–1913)[25] | 1835 |
| Great Dorpat Refractor (Fraunhofer) Dorpat/Tartu Observatory | 24 cm (9.6″) | achromat | Dorpat, Governorate of Livonia/ Tartu, Estonia | 1824[26][27] |
| Merz Refractor (6-duims), Leiden Observatory | 16.6 cm (6.5″) | achromat | Leiden, The Netherlands | 1838 |
| Shuckburgh telescope | 10 cm (4.1″) | achromat | Warwickshire, England | 1791–1923 |
* (First light or Build Completion to Inactive (Retired) or Deconstruction)
See also
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 The Observatory, "Large Telescopes", Page 250
- ↑ "Original mirror for William Herschel's 40 foot telescope, 1785". Science & Society Picture Library. Retrieved 22 November 2008.
- ↑ http://stjarnhimlen.se/bigtel/LargestTelescope.html
- ↑ http://www.mikeoates.org/lassell/lassell_by_a_chapman.htm
- ↑ http://astro.uchicago.edu/vtour/40inch/
- ↑ http://www.ucolick.org/public/telescopes/crossley.html
- ↑ Tobin, William (1987), "Foucault's invention of the silvered-glass reflecting telescope and the history of his 80-cm reflector at the observatoire de Marseille", Vistas in Astronomy, 30: 153, Bibcode:1987VA.....30..153T, doi:10.1016/0083-6656(87)90015-8
- ↑ The Observatory, "Large Telescopes", Page 248
- ↑ Roger Hutchins (2008). British University Observatories, 1772-1939. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 252. ISBN 978-0-7546-3250-4.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2009-08-14.
- ↑ One of the Oldest Observatories in South America is the Quito Astronomical Observatory
- ↑ http://www.craig-telescope.co.uk/
- ↑ http://www.mikeoates.org/lassell/telescope.htm
- ↑ Artdeciel, Daramona telescope
- ↑ Programme de souscription pour la fondation d'un observatoire et d'une société astronomique universelle, ayant pour but le progrès de l'art d'observer et plus particulièrement l'application rationnelle de la photographie et de l'électricité à l'astronomie. 1858.
- ↑ Stargazer: The Life and Times of the Telescope, By Fred Watson, page 212
- ↑ http://chestofbooks.com/crafts/scientific-american/Scientific-American-Reference-Book/The-Large-Refractors-Of-The-World.html
- ↑ http://www.maa.clell.de/Messier/E/Xtra/Bios/wherschel.html
- ↑ http://www.nasm.si.edu/exhibitions/gal111/universe/etu_a_herschel.htm
- ↑ Scientific American Reference Book. A Manual for the Office, Household and Shop Author Albert A. Hopkins, A. Russell Bond Publisher Munn & Company Year 1905 Copyright 1904, Munn & Company
- ↑ http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/hco/grref.html
- ↑ http://www.arm.ac.uk/history/instruments/Grubb-15inch.html
- 1 2 3 Watson, Fred (2006). Stargazer: The Life and Times of the Telescope. Perseus Books Group. p. 200. ISBN 978-0-306-81483-9.
- ↑ http://www.wfs.be.schule.de/pages/hist/Bamberge.html
- ↑ http://bdaugherty.tripod.com/astronomy/berlin.html#GALLE
- ↑ Waaland, J. Robert (1967). "Fraunhofer and the Great Dorpat Refractor". American Journal of Physics. 35 (4): 344. Bibcode:1967AmJPh..35..344W. doi:10.1119/1.1974076.
- ↑ http://www.obs.ee/obs/instrumendid/fr.htm
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