List of flora and fauna of the Eastern Hills, Bogotá

The Eastern Hills of Bogotá is a threatened but rich area of biodiversity. Various species have been registered in the Eastern Hills of the Colombian capital.

Flora

Eagle fern (Pteridium aquilinum)

In the Eastern Hills a total of 443 species of flora have been identified, of which 156 species in 111 genera and 64 families of vascular plants.[1]

Family Genera Species
Orchideae 33 118
Bromeliaceae 10 47
Asteraceae 9 38
Ericaceae 8 19
Melastomaceae 9 18
Rosaceae 6 15
Rubiaceae 6 11

A study published in 2013 lists as most important and characteristic species:[2][3][4][5][6]

Name Species Image
eagle fern Pteridium aquilinum
encenillo Weinmannia tomentosa
Drimys granadensis
Axinaea macrophylla
Bejaria resinosa
Carex jamesonii
Cavendishia bracteata
Chusquea scandens
Clusia multiflora
Disterigma alaternoides
Gaiadendron punctatum
Holodiscus argenteus
Lycopodium thyoides
Macleania rupestris
Munnozia senecionidis
Myrcianthes rhopaloides
Myrsine coriaceae
Myrsine guianensis
Odontoglossum lindenii
Oreopanax floribundum
Tibouchina grossa
Tillandsia pastensis
Tillandsia turneri
Ugni myricoides
Asplenium serra
Begonia urticae
Clethra fimbriata
Diplostephium rosmarinifolium
Elaphoglossum minutum
Geissanthus andinus
Hedyosmun parvifolium
Hypnum amabile
Macrocarpaea glabra
Miconia squamulosa
Monochaetum myrtoideum
Morella parvifolia
Ocotea sericea
Oreopanax bogotensis
Oreopanax mutisianus
Pentacalia vaccinioides
Peperomia rotundata
Persea mutissi
Piper bogotense
Pleurothallis grandiflora
Psychotria boqueronensis
Rhamnus goudotiana
Solanum oblongifolium
Weinmannia rollottii

Birds

Colombia is the country with the most recorded bird species (1912 as of 2014) in the world.[7] The biodiversity of bird species in the Eastern Hills is higher than in the parks of urban Bogotá. The northern part of the reserve is richer in bird species due to the dense forests and larger space between the urban zones. Birds of 30 families, 92 genera and 119 species have been identified in the Eastern Hills.[1] A study in 2011 provided data on 67 species in an area of 75 hectares (190 acres).[8] The observation stations were between 2,674 metres (8,773 ft) and 3,065 metres (10,056 ft) in elevation.[9]

Common name Species Image
white-bellied woodstarAcestrura mulsant
yellow-billed caciqueAmblycercus holosericeus
red-crested cotingaAmpelion rubrocristatus
scarlet-bellied mountain tanagerAnisognathus igniventris
white-browed brush finchArremon torquatus
pale-naped brush finchAtlapetes pallidinucha
slaty brush finchAtlapetes schistaceus
russet-crowned warblerBasileuterus coronatus
black-crested warblerBasileuterus nigrocristatus
broad-winged hawkButeo platypterus
band-winged nightjarCaprimulgus longirostris
band-tailed seedeaterCatamenia analis
plain-colored seedeaterCatamenia inornata
Swainson's thrushCatharus ustulatus
rufous wrenCinnycerthia unirufa
yellow-billed cuckooCoccyzus americanus
golden-bellied starfrontletCoeligena bonapartei
crested bobwhiteColinus cristatus
rufous-browed conebillConirostrum rufum
black vultureCoragyps atratus
Blackburnian warblerDendroica fusca
white-sided flowerpiercerDiglossa albilatera
bluish flowerpiercerDiglossa caerulescens
grey-bellied flowerpiercerDiglossa carbonaria
masked flowerpiercerDiglossa cyanea
black flowerpiercerDiglossa humeralis
mountain elaeniaElaenia frantzii
white-tailed kiteElanus leucurus
glowing pufflegEriocnemis vestita
American kestrelFalco sparverius
Andean pygmy owlGlaucidium jardinii
chestnut-crowned antpittaGrallaria ruficapilla
black-eared hemispingusHemispingus melanotis
superciliaried hemispingusHemispingus superciliaris
grey-breasted wood wrenHenicorhina leucophrys
barn swallowHirundo rustica
golden-crowned tanagerIridosornis rufivertex
green-tailed trainbearerLesbia nuna
white-throated tyrannuletMecocerculus leucophrys
Tyrian metaltailMetallura thyrianthina
golden-fronted whitestartMyioborus ornatus
streak-throated bush tyrantMyiotheretes striaticollis
brown-bellied swallowNotiochelidon murina
band-tailed pigeonPatagioenas fasciata
Andean guanPenelope montagnii
plumbeous sierra finchPhrygilus unicolor
smoky-brown woodpeckerPicoides fumigatus
fawn-breasted tanagerPipraeidea melanonota
purple-backed thornbillRamphomicron microrhynchum
eastern meadowlarkSturnella magna
house wrenTroglodytes aedon
great thrushTurdus fuscater
eastern kingbirdTyrannus tyrannus
eared doveZenaida auriculata
rufous-collared sparrowZonotrichia capensis
black-chested mountain tanagerButhraupis eximia
blue-throated starfrontletCoeligena helianthea
brown-backed chat-tyrantOchthoeca fumicolor
buff-breasted mountain tanagerDubusia taeniata
cinnamon flycatcherPyrrhomyias cinnamomeus
coppery-bellied pufflegEriocnemis cupreoventris
many-striped canasteroAsthenes flammulata
sparkling violetearColibri coruscans
yellow-backed orioleIcterus chrysater
pale-bellied tapaculoScytalopus griseicollis
rufous-banded owlCiccaba albitarsis
silvery-throated spinetailSynallaxis subpudica
tawny-rumped tyrannuletPhyllomyias uropygialis
white-throated screech owlMegascops albogularis

Mammals

Mammals of 14 families, 17 genera and 18 species have been identified in the Eastern Hills.[1][10] Until the first half of the twentieth century, the Eastern Hills were populated by larger species as the puma, spectacled bear and white-tailed deer, but these species have been hunted to extinction.[11]

Common name Species Image
crab-eating foxCerdocyon thous
mountain pacaCuniculus taczanowskii
white-eared opossumDidelphis albiventris
eastern red batLasiurus borealis
oncillaLeopardus tigrinus
long-tailed weaselMustela frenata
western dwarf coatiNasuella olivacea
red-tailed squirrelSciurus granatensis
tapetiSylvilagus brasiliensis
soft-furred Oldfield mouseThomasomys laniger
snow-footed Oldfield mouseThomasomys niveipes
Thomas' small-eared shrewCryptotis thomasi
Cavia anolaimae

Reptiles

Unidentified lizard in the Eastern Hills, locality Chapinero

Reptiles of four families, five genera and five species have been identified in the Eastern Hills.[1][10] Of these species, only the lizards Anadia bogotensis and Proctoporus striatus have been found on the Guadalupe Hill.[12] The striped lightbulb lizard is also present on the terrain of the Universidad de los Andes.[13]

Common name Species Image
flat Andes anolePhenacosaurus heterodermus
striped lightbulb lizardProctoporus striatus
Duméril's whorltail iguanaStenocercus trachycephalus
thickhead ground snakeAtractus crassicaudatus
Anadia bogotensis

Amphibians

Amphibians of four families, six genera and nine species have been identified in the Eastern Hills.[1][10][11]

Common name Species Image
Peter's climbing salamanderBolitoglossa adspersa
Centrolene buckleyi
cream-backed poison frogColostethus subpunctatus
Bogota robber frogEleutherodactylus bogotensis
elegant robber frogEleutherodactylus elegans
green dotted treefrogHyla labialis
Bogota treefrogHyla bogotensis
Edwards' rocket frogColostethus edwardsi

Fish

Three species of fish have been identified in the waters of the Eastern Hills.[10][11] Of Trichomycterus venulosus only two specimens have been found, and it is thought the species is extinct in the rivers of the Eastern Hills, which may have to do with the introduction of trout.[14]

Common name Species Image
rainbow trout
(introduced)		Oncorhynchus mykiss
Trichomycterus venulosus
(extinct?)
Trichomycterus bogotense

Butterflies

In the Eastern Hills two species of butterflies have been identified.[15]

Common name Species Image
Julia butterflyDryas iulia
common green-eyed whiteLeptophobia aripa aripa

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Ramírez Hernández et al., 2015
  2. ↑ Cantillo & Gracia, 2013, p.234
  3. ↑ Cantillo & Gracia, 2013, p.235
  4. ↑ Cantillo & Gracia, 2013, p.236
  5. ↑ Cantillo & Gracia, 2013, p.238
  6. ↑ Cantillo & Gracia, 2013, p.239
  7. ↑ 1912 bird species in Colombia available online – ProAves.org
  8. ↑ Peraza, 2011, p.58
  9. ↑ Peraza, 2011, p.59
  10. 1 2 3 4 (in Spanish) Fauna of the Eastern Hills
  11. 1 2 3 (in Spanish) Biodiversidad y conservación – Cerros al oriente de Bogotá
  12. ↑ Suna Hisca, s.a., p.339
  13. ↑ Mendoza R. & Rodríguez Barbosa, 2014, p.12
  14. ↑ Trichomycterus venulosus – IUCN Red List
  15. ↑ Los cerros, s.a., p.25

Bibliography

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