List of encyclopedias by date
This is a list of encyclopedias, arranged by time period. For other arrangements, see Lists of encyclopedias.
Encyclopedias before 1700
- Nine Books of Disciplines by Marcus Terentius Varro (116 BC-27 BC)
- Naturalis Historia by Pliny the Elder (AD 77-79); highly influential through the Middle Ages, the oldest encyclopedia for which there is an extant copy
- De verborum significatu by Sextus Pompeius Festus (2nd century AD)
- Onomasticon by Julius Pollux (2nd century AD)
- The Emperor's Mirror (Huanglan), Wei dynasty (220-265), Chinese
- De compendiosa doctrina, by Nonius Marcellus (probably AD 4th century)
5th century
- Martianus Capella, De nuptiis Mercurii et Philologiae, introduced the division in seven liberal arts
6th century
- Cassiodorus' Institutiones (full title: Institutiones Divinarum et Saecularium Litterarum), AD 560; first Christian encyclopedia
7th century
- Yiwen Leiju (622), Tang dynasty, Chinese
- St. Isidore of Seville's Etymologiae, AD 636; Christian encyclopedia, most influential encyclopedia of the early Middle Ages
- Fa yüan chu lin, AD 668, a Buddhist encyclopedia of 100 volumes, compiled by Tao-shih
8th century
- Venerable Beda, De natura rerum
9th century
- Adab al-katib (The book of knowledge) by Ibn Qutayba (828–889); the earliest Arabic work that could be called an encyclopedia
- Bibliotheke by Patriarch Photius (9th century), the earliest Byzantine work that could be called an encyclopedia
- Hrabanus Maurus, 842. De rerum naturis (On the nature of things), derived from Isidore's text
- De Administrando Imperio, a domestic and foreign policy manual by emperor Constantine VII
10th century
- Suda (10th century)
- Four Great Books of Song (Song Sida Shu) (10th to 11th century), Song dynasty, Chinese
- Wamyō Ruijushō
11th century
- De omnifaria doctrina, by Michael Psellos
- Speculum universale, by Radulfus Ardens
12th century
- De diversis artibus, compiled 1100-1120 by Theophilus Presbyter
- Liber Floridus, compiled in 1120 by Lambert of St. Omer
- Imago mundi, treaty of cosmography and history by Honorius Augustodunensis, about 1110
- Didascalicon, by Hugues de Saint-Victor (1096-1141), proposal of a new classification of sciences and a new method of lecture of the Bible
- Hortus deliciarum, written by Herrade of Landsberg, the first woman to write an encyclopedia, between 1159 and 1175
13th century
- Otia Imperialia by Gervase of Tilbury, 1214
- Guillaume d'Auvergne, De universo creaturarum, 1231.
- Gautier de Metz L’Image du monde, 1246, in Lorrain dialect, based on Honorius Augustodunensis
- Bartholomeus Anglicus, De proprietatibus rerum, 1240; the most widely read and quoted encyclopedia in the late-medieval period.
- Thomas of Cantimpré, Liber de natura rerum, 1256.
- Vincent of Beauvais, Speculum Majus, 1260, the most ambitious encyclopedia in the late-medieval period, with over 3 million words
- Brunetto Latini, Li Livres dou Trésor, in French
14th century
- Al-Nuwayri, The Ultimate Ambition in the Arts of Erudition (1314–33)
- Ranulf Higden, Polychronicon (c.1344)
- Conrad of Megenberg, Buch der Natur (c.1349)
- James le Palmer, Omne Bonum
- Moses ben Judah (or Moses Nagari), Love in Delights (Ahavah ba-Ta'anugim, 1353–56)
15th century
- Ming Dynasty Chinese, Yongle Encyclopedia, 1403–08
- Domenico Bandini of Arezzo, Fons memorabilium universi, early 15th century
- Werner Rolevinck, Fasciculus temporum, 1474
- Alfonso de la Torre, Visio delectable, c.1484
- Jacob Meydenbach, Hortus Sanitatis, 1491
16th century
- Giorgio Valla, De expetendis et fugiendis rebus, 1501
- Domenico Nani Mirabelli, Polyanthea nova, 1503
- Gregor Reisch, Margarita philosophica, 1503
- Johannes Aventinus, Encyclopedia orbisque doctrinarum, hoc est omnium artium, scientiarum, ipsius philosophiae index ac divisio, 1517
- Juan Luis Vives, De disciplinis libri XX, 1531
- Joachim Sterck van Ringelbergh, Lucubrationes vel potius absolutissima kyklopaideia (Basel), 1541
- Conrad Gessner, Historia animalium (Gessner), 1551–58, 1587.
- Charles Estienne, Dictionarium historicum, geographicum et poeticum, 1553.
- Pal Skalic, philosopher born in Zagreb, first to use the term encyclopedia in the current sense.Encyclopediae seu orbis disciplinarum tam sacrarum quam profanarum epistemon, 1559 (Basel, Switzerland), 1571 (Köln, Germany)
- Theodor Zwinger (1533–1588), Theatrum Vitae Humanae, 1588
- Bernardino de Sahagún: La Historia General de las Cosas de Nueva España, 1545-1590
- Antonio Possevino, Bibliotheca selecta, 1593
- Bencao Gangmu (Compendium of Materia Medica) (1596), Ming dynasty, Chinese
17th century
Chinese
- Sancai Tuhui, compiled by Wang Qi and Wang Siyi (1609)
- Song Yingxing, Tiangong Kaiwu (The Exploitation of the Works of Nature), 1637
Croatian
- Ivan Belostenec, Gazophylacium, seu Latino-illyiricorum onomatum aerarium, c. 1674 (completed in manuscript), published in 1740
English
- Sir Thomas Browne: Pseudodoxia Epidemica 1646-1672
- John Dunton: The ladies dictionary..., 1694
French
- Dictionnaire théologique, historique, poétique, cosmographique et chronologique (1643) by Daniel de Juigné-Broissinière an adaptation of Charles Estienne's Dictionarium historicum, geographicum et poeticum (1553)
- Le portrait de la sagesse universelle, avec l'idée générale des sçiances et leur plan représenté en cent tables by Léon de Saint-Jean (1655) an extract in French of the authors Latin Enciclopaediae praemessum (1635)
- L'Encyclopédie des beaux esprits, contenant les moyens de parvenir à la connoissance des belles sciences by Saunier (1657)
- La science universelle by Jean Magnon (1663)
- Louis Moréri Le Grand Dictionnaire historique (The Great Historical Dictionary), 1671
- Antoine Furetière, Dictionnaire universel contenant généralement tous les mots françois, tant vieux que modernes, et les termes de toutes les sciences et des arts 1690.
- Pierre Bayle: Dictionnaire Historique et Critique (Historical and Critical Dictionary), 1695
Latin
- Antonio Zara: Anatomia ingeniorum et scientiarum, 1615
- Johann Heinrich Alsted: Encyclopaedia septem tomi distincta 1630
- Laurentius Beyerlinck, Magnum Theatrum Vitae Humanae, 1631
- Peter Lauremberg, Pansophia, 1633
- Athanasius Kircher, Ars magna sciendi, 1669
- Michael Pexenfelder, Apparatus eruditionis tam rerum quam verborum per omnes artes et scientias, 1670
- Johann Jacob Hofmann, Lexicon universale, historico-geographico-chronologico-poetico-phîlologicum‘, Basel, 1677
- Johann Christoph Wagenseil: Pera librorum iuvenilium, 1695
Hungarian
- János Apáczai Csere: Magyar encyclopaedia, c. 1655
Encyclopedias published 1700–1800
American encyclopedias
- Dobson's Encyclopædia (1789–1798; largely a reprint of the Britannica's 3rd edition)
British encyclopedias
- The great historical, geographical, genealogical and poetical dictionary by Jeremy Collier (1701)
- An Universal, Historical, Geographical, Chronological and Poetical Dictionary (1703)
- Lexicon Technicum (1704)
- Chambers's Cyclopaedia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences (1728)
- An Universal History of Arts and Sciences by Dennis de Coetlogon (1745)
- Encyclopædia Britannica (1768, editions 2 and 3 by 1797)
- Chemical Dictionary by William Nicholson (1795)
- Encyclopædia Perthensis (1796–1806, ed 2 by 1816)
Chinese encyclopedias
- Gujin Tushu Jicheng (1725–26), Qing dynasty
- Siku Quanshu (1782), Qing dynasty
French encyclopedias
- Dictionnaire de Trévoux (1704–1771)
- Encyclopédie, by Diderot and D'Alembert (1751–1772)
- Descriptions des Arts et Métiers (1761–1788)
- Encyclopédie ou dictionnaire universel raisonné des connaissances humaines, Yverdon, (1770–1780)
- Encyclopédie Méthodique by Charles-Joseph Panckoucke (1782–1832)
German encyclopedias
- Reales Staats- und Zeitungs-Lexicon by Philipp Balthasar Sinold von Schütz (1704)
- Curieuses Natur- Kunst- Gewerk- und Handlungs-Lexicon by Paul Jacob Marperger (1712)
- Allgemeines lexikon der Künste und Wißenschaften by Johann Theodor Jablonski (1721)
- Musicalisches Lexicon by Johann Gottfried Walther (1732)
- Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon by Christian Gottlieb Jöcher (1733–1751)
- Grosses vollständiges Universal-Lexicon by Johann Heinrich Zedler (1751–1754)
- Oekonomische Encyklopädie by Johann Georg Krünitz (1773–1858)
- Deutschen Encyclopädie (1788)
- Historisch-biographisches Lexikon der Tonküstler by Ernst Ludwig Gerber (1790–1792)
- Conversations-Lexikon mit vorzüglicher Rücksicht auf die gegenwärtigen Zeiten (1796–1808; see Brockhaus)
Italian encyclopedias
- Vincenzo Coronelli Biblioteca Universale Sacro-Profana (1701–1707)
- Gianfrancesco Pivati Nuovo dizionario scientifico e curioso, sacroprofano (1746–1751)
- Lorenzo Hervás y Panduro Idea dell'Universo (1778–1792)
Japanese encyclopedias
- Wakan Sansai Zue (1712)
Polish encyclopedias
- Nowe Ateny (1745)
- Zbiór potrzebniejszych wiadomości (1781)
Encyclopedias published 1800–1900
American encyclopedias
- Minor Encyclopedia (1803), edited by Thaddeus M. Harris, copies much of Kendal's Pocket Encyclopedia
- Domestic Encyclopedia (1803–1804), first American edition, expanded to 5 volumes (4 in the British); second American edition 1821
- Low's Encyclopaedia (1805–1811), the first true American encyclopedia
- Encyclopaedia Americana (1829–1833), 13 volumes, editor Francis Lieber.
- New American Cyclopaedia (1857–1863), 16 volumes, editors George Ripley and Charles A. Dana
- American Cyclopaedia (1873–1876), the retitled New American Cyclopaedia
- Johnson's New Universal Cyclopaedia (1876–1878), 4 volumes; editors Frederick Augustus Porter Barnard and Arnold Henry Guyot
- Cyclopedia of Universal History (1880–1884), world history
- Ridpath's Universal History (1895), world history
- Johnson's Universal Cyclopaedia (1893–1897), the retitled Johnson's New Universal Cyclopaedia, edited by Charles Kendall Adams.
- Alden's Library of Universal Knowledge (1879), a reprint of Chambers's Encyclopaedia with American additions
- International Cyclopaedia (1884), initially largely a reprint of Alden's Library of Universal Knowledge, but later editions were improved by editors Harry Thurston Peck, Selim Peabody, Frank Moore Colby, and Daniel Coit Gilman
- People's Cyclopedia of Universal Knowledge (1881), 3 volumes, 700 pages each,[1] editor W. H. De Puy. Contains much from Chambers's Encyclopaedia. The 1898 title was The New People's Cyclopedia of Universal Knowledge.
Arabic encyclopedias
- Al-Muhit al Muhit ("The ocean of oceans"), Butrus al-Bustani (1867)
British encyclopedias
- Encyclopaedia Londinensis (1801)
- English Encyclopaedia (1802)
- Domestic Encyclopedia (1802)
- Kendal's Pocket Encyclopedia (1802, second edition 1811)
- Rees's Cyclopædia (1802–1819)
- Encyclopædia Perthensis (Perth, Scotland, 1803;1816)
- Encyclopædia Britannica (ed 4, 1810; ed 9 by 1889)
- Edinburgh Encyclopædia (1808–1830)
- British Encyclopaedia (1809)
- Encyclopædia Edinensis (1816)
- Pantologia (1813)
- Encyclopædia Metropolitana (1822–1845)
- Penny Cyclopaedia (1833–1846)
- English Cyclopaedia (1854–1862, supp. 1869–1873)
- Chambers's Encyclopaedia (1860; no relation to Chambers's Cyclopaedia of the 18th century)
- Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (1870)
- Dictionary of Political Economy (1894–1899), by Inglis Palgrave
- Pears Cyclopaedia (1897), originally named Pears' Shilling Cyclopaedia
- The People's Select Cyclopedia (1897), by Charles Nisbett
- Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible (1898–1904)
Czech encyclopedias
- Riegrův slovník naučný (11 volumes, 1860–1874; supplement vol. 1890)
- Otto's encyclopedia (28 volumes, 1888–1909)
Danish encyclopedias
- Salmonsens Konversationsleksikon (19 volumes, 1893–1911)
Dutch encyclopedias
- Winkler Prins Geïllustreerde Encyclopaedie (1870–1882; 2nd ed. 1884–1888)
French encyclopedias
- Dictionnaires généraux, universels, encyclopédiques, et autres… - a bibliography of French encyclopedias up to Larousse
- Encyclopédie Méthodique (Panckoucke), (1782–1832)
- Biographie universelle des musiciens et bibliographie générale de la musique, François-Joseph Fétis (1835–1844)
- Encyclopédie nouvelle (Pierre Leroux and Jean Reynaud) (1839–1840)
- Petite Encyclopédie du jeune âge, Larousse (1853)
- Nouvelle Biographie Générale, Ferdinand Hoefer (1853–1866)
- Grand dictionnaire universel du XIXe siècle by Pierre Larousse (17 volumes 1866–1877), really an encyclopedia despite its name
- Dictionnaire de chimie pure et appliquée, Charles-Adolphe Wurtz (1874–1878)
- Dictionnaire de botanique, Henri Ernest Baillon (1876–1892)
- La Grande Encyclopédie, general secretaries of the editorial board: Ferdinand-Camille Dreyfus and André Berthelot (31 volumes 1886–1902)
German encyclopedias
- Oekonomische Encyklopädie (General System of State, City, Home and Agriculture), Editor Johann Georg Krünitz (242 Volumes 1773–1858)
- Enzyklopädie der philosophischen Wissenschaften im Grundrisse, G. F. W. Hegel (1817)
- Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste (Ersch–Gruber; 1818–1889, uncompleted)
- Brockhaus (eds. 1–14 by 1900)
- Pierers Universal-Lexikon (1824–1836; 7th ed. 1888–1893)
- Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft, "Pauly–Wissowa" (1839–1852, 2nd ed. 1890–1980)
- Meyers Konversations-Lexikon (1839–1855; 5th ed. 1893–1897)
- Realencyklopädie für protestantische Theologie und Kirche, Johann Jakob Herzog (1853–1868)
- Herders Konversations-Lexikon (1854–1857; 2nd ed. 1875–1879)
- Handbuch der Organischen Chemie, Friedrich Konrad Beilstein (1880–1882)
- Lexikon der gesamten Technik, Otto Lueger (1st Edition 1894–1899)
- Encyklopädie der mathematischen Wissenschaften, Felix Klein (1898–1933)
Hungarian encyclopedias
- Egyetemes magyar encyclopaedia (1859–1876) (→ hu)
- A Pallas Nagy Lexikona (1893–1897)
Japanese encyclopedias
- Koji Ruien (1896–1914)
Polish encyclopedias
- Encyklopedia Powszechna or Encyklopedia Orgelbranda (1st Edition, 28 volumes, 1859–1868)
- Encyyklopedia Kościelna (33 volumes, 1873–1933)
Romanian encyclopedias
- Enciclopedia română (Editor: Constantin Diaconovich, 3 volumes, 1896–1904)
Russian encyclopedias
- Plyushar's Encyclopedic Lexicon (17 volumes, 1834–1841)
- Military Encyclopedic Lexicon (15 volumes, 1837–1852)
- Starchevsky's Spravochny entsiklopedichesky slovar (12 volumes, 1847–1855)
- Encyclopedia of Military and Marine Sciences (8 volumes, 1883–1897)
- Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (86 volumes, 1890–1906)
- Granat Encyclopedic Dictionary (9 volumes, 1891–1903)
Spanish encyclopedias
- Enciclopedia moderna (1851), Francisco de P. Mellado
- Diccionario geográfico, estadístico, histórico, de la isla de Cuba (1863–1866)
Swedish encyclopedias
- Conversations-lexicon (4 volumes, 1821–1826), a translation of Brockhaus 2nd edition
- Svenskt konversationslexikon (4 volumes, 1845–1851), by Per Gustaf Berg
- Nordisk familjebok (20 volumes, 1876–1899; 2nd ed. 1904–1926)
Turkish encyclopedias
- Kamus-ül-Ulûm ve’l-Maarif Editor Ali Suavi,1870
- Lûgaat-i Tarihiye ve Coğrafiye Editor Ahmet Rıfat Efendi, 1881 (7 volumes)
- Sicil-i Osmani Editor Mehmet Süreyya Bey, 1890
- Kamus-ül-Alam Editor » : Şemsettin Sami, 1899 (6 volumes)[2]
Religious encyclopedias
- The Coptic Encyclopedia (1993)
- Jewish Encyclopedia (1901–1906)
- Encyclopaedia Judaica
- Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)
- Schaff–Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge (1914; public domain since 2004)
- St. Thomas Christian Encyclopaedia of India (1973,82,2010)
- Encyclopedia of Mormonism (1992)
- Orthodox Encyclopedia (Serbe)
- Encyclopaedia of Islam
- Hastings, James: Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics (1908–1926)
- Unitarian-Universalist Encyclopedia[3]
Specialist encyclopedias
- The Engineer's and Mechanic's Encyclopaedia (1836/1837; 2nd ed. 1849; often cited as Hebert's Encyclopaedia)
- Cyclopaedia of Useful Arts and Manufactures (1852; often cited as Tomlinson's Cyclopaedia)
- Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1842)
- Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870)
- Cyclopaedia of Political Science - Cyclopaedia of Political Science, Political Economy, and the Political History of the United States by the Best American and European Writers] (1881–1899), John J. Lalor
- The Cyclopedia of New Zealand (1897–1908, mainly self-published)
See also
References
- ↑ "The People's Cyclopedia". The Week : a Canadian journal of politics, literature, science and arts. 1 (1): 16. 6 Dec 1883. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
- ↑ Ansiklopedi (tr)
- ↑ Unitarian-Universalist Encyclopedia
- Collison, Robert, Encyclopaedias: Their History Throughout the Ages, 2nd ed. (New York, London: Hafner, 1966)
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