List of Puerto Ricans missing in action in the Korean War

Puerto Ricans Missing in Action in the Korean War


Location of the island of Puerto Rico (green)


POW/MIA flag

The United States Department of Defense has estimated that approximately 61,000 Puerto Ricans served in the military during the Korean War, most of them volunteers.[1] A total of 122 Puerto Rican soldiers were among the 8,200 people listed as missing in action (MIA). This total does not include people of Puerto Rican descent who were born in the mainland of the United States.[2]

Spain officially ceded Puerto Rico to the United States under the terms of the 1898 Treaty of Paris which concluded the Spanish–American War. It is a United States territory and upon the outbreak of World War I, the Congress enacted the Jones–Shafroth Act, which gave Puerto Ricans American citizenship with certain limitations (for example, Puerto Ricans are not allowed to vote in presidential elections).[3]

Thousands of Puerto Ricans participated in these conflicts.[1] Many lived and returned to their homeland, others either died or have been listed as missing in action.[1] The term "MIA" dates from 1946 and refers to a member of the armed services who is reported missing following a combat mission and whose status as to injury, capture, or death is unknown. The missing combatant must not have been otherwise accounted for as either killed in action or a prisoner of war.[4] The Korean War was one of two major conflicts which accounted for the most Puerto Ricans missing in action, the other being the Vietnam War.[5]

Korean War

1992 painting depicting the Puerto Rican 65th Infantry Regiment's bayonet charge against a Chinese division during the Korean War.
PFC Ramón Núñez-Juárez

According to the online archive "All POW-MIA Korean War Casualties," the total number of Puerto Rican casualties in the Korean War was 732. Out of the more than 700 casualties suffered in the war, a total of 122 Puerto Rican men were listed as Missing in Action.[6]

It was during the Korean War that Puerto Ricans suffered the most casualties as members of an all-Hispanic volunteer unit: the 65th Infantry Regiment. One of the problems the unit faced was the language difference; the common foot soldier spoke only Spanish, while the commanding officers were mostly English-speaking.[7] In September 1952, the 65th Infantry was holding onto a hill known as "Outpost Kelly" until the People's Volunteer Army which had joined the North Koreans, overran the position. This became known as the Battle for Outpost Kelly. Twice, the 65th Regiment was overwhelmed by Chinese artillery and driven off. The Battle of Outpost Kelly accounted for 73 of the men missing in action from the total of 122.[8] Out of the 73 MIAs suffered by the regiment in the month of September, 50 of them occurred on the same day: September 18.[9]

During the Korean War, two Puerto Ricans who were members of the United States Marine Corps were awarded the Navy Cross, the second highest medal after the Medal of Honor that can be awarded by the Department of the Navy. One of the recipients was Ramón Núñez-Juárez, who was listed as MIA and was posthumously awarded the medal. Núñez-Juárez's remains have never been recovered and a symbolic burial with full military honors was held on October 25, 1970.[10] There is a headstone with his name inscribed above an empty grave in the Puerto Rico National Cemetery, located in Bayamon, Puerto Rico.[11] His name is inscribed in El Monumento de la Recordación, a monument dedicated to the Puerto Ricans who have fallen in combat, located in San Juan, Puerto Rico.[12][13]

Puerto Ricans missing in action

The following is a list with the names, ranks and the date in which 122 Puerto Ricans were listed as missing in action in the Korean War. All of these men served within the ranks of the United States Army with the so exception of Ramón Núñez-Juárez, and Francisco González Matías whose served in the Marines.[6]

NameRankMIA date
Isaac AcevedoCorporalSeptember 18, 1952
Héctor Alfaro AlfaroPrivateSeptember 24, 1952
Hugo ÁlvarezCorporalJune 5, 1951
Luis Amaro GarcíaPrivate first classSeptember 18, 1952
Lopus Andino FonsecaPrivateSeptember 24, 1952
Jorge Berríos SantiagoPrivateSeptember 24, 1952
Julio Bonilla VegaPrivateSeptember 18, 1952
José Burset MeléndezPrivate September 24, 1952
A Caballero MorenoPrivate first classApril 1953
Juan Calderón OsorioPrivate first classSeptember 18, 1952
A Calimano TexidorPrivateSeptember 18, 1952
Benigno CaraballoPrivateDecember 11, 1951
Juan Caramot OrtizPrivateSeptember 24, 1952
Miguel Cartagena ColónPrivateUnknown
Manuel Colon ApontePrivate first classSeptember 18, 1952
Concepción ColónPrivateJuly 31, 1952
Luis Colón NegrónPrivateSeptember 24, 1952
José Concepción LópezPrivate first classSeptember 18, 1952
James W. ConnorCaptainDecember 1, 1950
Zenon Cordero CajigasPrivateSeptember 24, 1952
Ángel Cortés OstolazaPrivateSeptember 24, 1952
Francisco Cosme BáezPrivate first classSeptember 18, 1952
Jesús Cruz BeltránPrivate first classSeptember 18, 1952
José Cruz CarreroPrivate first classSeptember 18, 1952
Roberto Cruz EspinozaPrivateJune 4, 1951
Nicolás Cruz PérezCorporalJune 10, 1953
Jesús Cruz RamosPrivate first classJune 9, 1953
Pablo Cruz RosasPrivate first classNovember 25, 1952
Ángel Cruz SánchezPrivate first classSeptember 10, 1952
Carlos Dávila RiveraPrivateSeptember 14, 1952
Wenceslao Delgado UbilesPrivateOctober 19, 1952
Luis Díaz AcevedoPrivateSeptember 18, 1952
Demetrio Díaz AlgarínPrivateSeptember 18, 1952
Fernando Díaz ColónPrivateSeptember 18, 1952
Rafael Díaz CotoPrivateSeptember 18, 1952
Saúl Droz CartagenaPrivate first classDecember 15, 1952
Carlos D. FelicianoPrivateSeptember 18, 1952
Julio Feliciano NievesPrivateSeptember 18, 1952
Bienvenido Feliciano OteroPrivateSeptember 18, 1952
Luis Figueroa BarbosaPrivateSeptember 18, 1952
Julio Flores NavarroPrivateOctober 15, 1952
Ismael García ClaraPrivateSeptember 18, 1952
Cándido García RosadoPrivate first classSeptember 25, 1952
Manuel González BernardPrivateSeptember 18, 1952
Israel González NazarioPrivateJuly 17, 1952
Juan E. González OrtizPrivateSeptember 18, 1952
Porfirio González RentaPrivateSeptember 18, 1952
Ángel González RosarioPrivateSeptember 18, 1952
Israel González SaezPrivateSeptember 18, 1952
Santos GonzálezPrivateSeptember 18, 1952
Isidro Hernández DonesCorporalSeptember 21, 1952
Luis Hernández RodríguezPrivateSeptember 18, 1952
Benjamín Hernández TorresPrivate first classAugust 12, 1952
O. Irizarry GerenaPrivateDecember 16, 1951
A. Jiménez OlivenciaCorporalSeptember 18, 1952
Miguel Jiménez TosadoPrivate first classJuly 9, 1953
Maximian LacsamanaCorporalDecember 3, 1950
Jaime LaugierCorporalFebruary 16, 1952
Luis López CronozPrivateSeptember 18, 1952
Israel Malaret JuarbeSergeant first classDecember 10, 1952
Ramón Marquez De LeónPrivate first classOctober 27, 1952
Luis Martínez HernándezPrivateSeptember 18, 1952
Ramon Martínez LandrónPrivateSeptember 21, 1952
Luis MartínezPrivateNovember 6, 1952
Pedro Martínez OteroCorporalSeptember 18, 1952
Francisco Matos GonzálezPrivate first classSeptember 18, 1952
Alberto Meléndez MeléndezPrivate first classOctober 23, 1952
Marcial Meléndez NegrónCorporalSeptember 24, 1952
Luis Méndez HernándezCorporalJuly 19, 1952
Salomé Mercado HernándezPrivate first classSeptember 18, 1952
Carlos Miranda CottoPrivate first classSeptember 18, 1952
Roberto Molina GarcíaPrivate first classSeptember 21, 1952
Maximino Molina GerenaCorporalFebruary 6, 1952
Sixto Montañez FrancoPrivate first classSeptember 18, 1952
Alfredo Morales ReyesCorporalAugust 14, 1952
Nelson Moreno RosaCorporalSeptember 18, 1952
Ramón Murga AmadorPrivate first classSeptember 18, 1952
José A. Napoleón EscuderoPrivateSeptember 18, 1952
Jorge Negrón MartínezPrivate first classSeptember 18, 1952
José Negrón OrtizCorporalSeptember 18, 1952
Arcadio Nieves LarryCorporalSeptember 24, 1952
Ramón Núñez-JuárezPrivate first classSeptember 8, 1952
Bartolomé PachecoPrivateJanuary 8, 1952
Juan Peña AndújarPrivate first classSeptember 18, 1952
Miguel PérezPrivate first classJanuary 8, 1952
Pedro Pérez PérezPrivate first classAugust 12, 1952
Efraín Pérez RodríguezCorporalJuly 20, 1952
Luis Pérez VillegasPrivateSeptember 18, 1952
Nicolás Pizarro MatosPrivate first classSeptember 18, 1952
Pedro Pomales PomalesPrivateSeptember 21, 1952
Pedro Angel Quiñones VelezCorporalSeptember 24, 1952
Marino QuirindongoPrivateDecember 16, 1951
Marcos Reyes RodríguezPrivateOctober 27, 1952
William ReyesPrivateJune 5, 1951
Juan Rivera CarrilloPrivate first classOctober 28, 1952
Roberto Rivera ClaudioPrivateOctober, 1952
Gilberto Rivera CruzPrivate first classSeptember 18, 1952
Israel Rivera GalarzaPrivate first classSeptember 18, 1952
Luis P. RiveraPrivate first classSeptember 26, 1952
Raul Rivera RodríguezPrivate first classSeptember 18, 1952
Rubén RiveraPrivateSeptember 24, 1952
Enrique RodríguezPrivateJuly 8, 1953
Alberto Rodríguez LozadaSergeant first classJune 4, 1951
Pedro A. RodríguezPrivate first classJanuary 11, 1952
Juan Rojas ReyesPrivate first classSeptember 20, 1952
Ramón Roque PeñaPrivate first classOctober 16, 1952
José Rosado BravoPrivate first classSeptember 18, 1952
Francisco Rosario MeléndezPrivate first classSeptember 18, 1952
Ángel Salgado TorresPrivateJanuary 8, 1952
Ángel S. SanabriaPrivate first classJanuary 28, 1952
Rafael Sánchez LópezPrivate first classSeptember 18, 1952
Angel L. SantiagoPrivateJune 3, 1951
José Santiago OrtizPrivate first classOctober 14, 1952
Ramón Santiago RosarioSergeantFebruary 6, 1952
Norberto Santos RiveroCorporalJune 4, 1951
Nicolás Santos RosarioPrivate first classDecember 11, 1951
José Torres CabánFirst lieutenantSeptember 29, 1950
Jorge Torres GreenPrivateJuly 19, 1952
Samuel Torres RodríguezPrivate first classSeptember 18, 1952
Jorge L. VázquezSergeantFebruary 6, 1952
Luis Vélez MontesPrivate first classSeptember 18, 1952
Miguel Vélez SantiagoPrivateDecember 23, 1951
Miguel A. ZayasPrivate first classFebruary 6, 1952

Their names are inscribed in El Monumento de la Recordación (The Wall of Remembrance) located in San Juan, Puerto Rico.[13]

El Monumento de la Recordación

Further reading

  • "Puertorriquenos Who Served With Guts, Glory, and Honor. Fighting to Defend a Nation Not Completely Their Own"; by : Greg Boudonck; ISBN 978-1497421837
  • "Historia militar de Puerto Rico"; by: Hector Andres Negroni; publisher=Sociedad Estatal Quinto Centenario (1992); ISBN 84-7844-138-7

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Historic Review on the 65 Infantry Regiment" (PDF). Retrieved May 29, 2011.
  2. "Korean War-Cold War". Advocacy & Intelligence Index For POWs-MIAs Archives. Archived from the original on 2007-06-24. Retrieved 2007-09-07.
  3. "Jones-Shafroth Act". The Library of Congress. Retrieved 2007-09-07.
  4. "Definition of MIA". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 2007-09-07.
  5. CNN
  6. 1 2 "All POW-MIA Korean War Casualties: Puerto Rico". Advocacy & Intelligence Index For POWs-MIAs Archives. Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2007-09-07.
  7. "History of the 65th infantry regiment - Korean War". Valeros.com. Retrieved 2007-09-07.
  8. "Outpost Kelly: A Tanker's Story", by Jack R. Siewert, Publisher: Fire Ant Books, ISBN 978-0-8173-5341-4
  9. "The 65th Infantry Regiment on Kelly in September 1952". Mervino.com. Retrieved 2007-09-07.
  10. THE OUTPOST WAR: US Marines in Korea Vol. 1 1952, By Lee Ballenger, Published 2000 Brassey's, Page 107, ISBN 1-57488-373-9
  11. Image of Núñez-Juárez's headstone
  12. "Puerto Rico National Cemetery". Interment.net. Retrieved 2007-07-09.
  13. 1 2 "Monumento de la Recordación". Rootsweb.com. Archived from the original on 2007-08-18. Retrieved 2007-09-07.

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