Krivak-class frigate

A Burevestnik-class frigate in Sevastopol Bay, 2009.
Class overview
Name: Krivak class (Project 1135)
Builders:
Operators:
Preceded by: Riga class
Subclasses:
Completed: 40 (32 project 1135, 1135M and 11352/11353 plus 8 project 11351)
Cancelled: 1 (project 11351)
Active: 4 active in Russia, 1 active in Ukraine (only project 1135, 1135M and 11351)
General characteristics
Type: Frigate / Guard ship SKR (Russian classification)
Displacement: 3,300 tons standard, 3,575 tons full load
Length: 405.3 ft (123.5 m)
Beam: 46.3 ft (14.1 m)
Draught: 15.1 ft (4.6 m)
Propulsion:
  • 2 shaft; COGAG
  • 2 x M-8k , 40,000 shp (30,000 kW) or DK59 13.5 MW or DT59 16.9 MW gas-turbines
  • 2 x M-62 7.4 MW or DS71 13.4 gas-turbines (cruise), 14,950 shp (11,150 kW)
Speed: 32 knots (59 km/h)
Range: 4,995 nmi (9,251 km) at 14 knots (26 km/h)
Complement: 200
Sensors and
processing systems:
  • Radar: 1 MR-755 Fregat-M/Half Plate air/surf search
  • Sonar: Zvezda-2 suite with MGK-345 Bronza/Ox Yoke bow mounted LF, Ox Tail LF VDS
  • Fire control: Purga ASW combat system, 2 Drakon/Eye Bowl SSM targeting, 2 MPZ-301 Baza/Pop Group
Electronic warfare
& decoys:		 Start suite with Bell Shroud intercept, Bell Squat jammer, 4 PK-16 decoy RL, 8 PK-10 decoy RL, 2 towed decoys
Armament:
Aircraft carried: Ka-27 on Krivak III only

The Project 1135 Burevestnik (Storm Petrel) class were a series of frigates or guard ships (patrol boats). Built in the Soviet Union, the ships were commissioned primarily for the Soviet Navy since 1970, later some sub-branch was designed for coastal patrol. Until 1977 the class was considered as a big anti-submarine ship.

These ships are commonly known by their NATO reporting class name of Krivak and are divided into Krivak I, Krivak II (both navy), and Krivak III (coast guard) classes.

These ships were designed as a successor to the Riga class. The design started in the late 1950s and matured as an anti-submarine ship in the 1960s. The first ship was Soviet frigate Bditelnyy that was commissioned in 1970.

A total of 40 ships were built, 32 ships for the Soviet Navy (Russian Navy) and 8 modified ships of Nerey (Krivak III) subclass for the KGB Maritime Border Guard. Currently 7 of Nerey subclass are in FSB Coast Guard and one is part of Ukrainian Navy.

The ship's unique features—the bow missile box, the stack and the angled mast, earned it a rap-like nickname among U. S. sailors that comes from their foreign ship silhouette identification training — "Hot dog pack, Smokestack, Guns in Back — Krivak."[1][2]

How many ships remain in active duty is uncertain. According to some sources Russia has four units in service and the Ukrainian Navy, one.[3][4] Russian press listed three units operational in February 2008, one with the Baltic Fleet and two with the Black Sea Fleet (BSF).[5]

The Indian Navy ordered six frigates of upgraded Krivak III class as the Talwar class. Three ships were delivered in 2003–2004. Three more were delivered in 2011–2012.

On 12 October 2010, it was announced that the Yantar Yard at Kaliningrad on the Baltic Sea had won a contract to construct three new warships for the Russian Navy. The construction of the frigates for the Russian Navy will be carried out in parallel with the construction of the same-type frigates for the Indian Navy.[6][7]

Versions

  • Project 1135, Burevestnik (21 ships): Design process started in 1956 as an anti-surface frigate successor to the Riga-class frigate. The role changed to an anti-submarine ship powered by gas turbines and armed with the SS-N-14 missile. The main building yards were Zhdanov Yard (now known as Northern Shipyard) (Leningrad), Yantar Yard (Kaliningrad) and Kamysh Burun Yard, (Kerch, Crimea). NATO referred to these ships as Krivak I class.
  • Project 1135 M, Burevestnik M (11 ships): This group of ships were fitted with single 100 mm guns instead of the twin 76 mm weapons of the Burevestnik design. They also had a redesigned Variable Depth Sonar (VDS) installation. All of these ships were built in Kaliningrad. NATO referred to these ships as Krivak II class.
  • Project 1135.1 Nerei (Nereus) (8 ships): These ships lacked the SS-N-14 missile system, which was replaced by a helicopter and hangar, and only one 100 mm gun at the bow of the ship. All of these ships were built at the Zaliv Works in Kerch. These ships were built for and operated by the KGB Maritime Border Guard. NATO referred to these ships as Krivak III class.
  • Project 1135.2: This was a modernisation of the Burevestnik ships Leningradski Komsomolets (renamed Legkiy in 1992), Letuchiy, Pylkiy and Zharkiy of the Krivak I group. The refit involved replacing the RBU-6000 anti-submarine mortars with SS-N-25 anti-ship missiles, new radar, sonar and ECM equipment. These ships completed their refits in 1990–92, and others were to have been modernised but the programme was cancelled with the collapse of the Soviet Union. NATO referred to these ships after their modernisation as Krivak IV class.
  • Talwar class: this is an advanced derivative built for the Indian Navy from 1999 to 2012. It could have been called Krivak IV.
  • Admiral Grigorovich class (also known as project 11356 (or 1135.6)): This is expected to be completed in similar configuration as the Talwar class. Six ships were ordered for the Black Sea Fleet, with the first one laid down on 18 December 2010; four more have been laid down, with the sixth currently planned.[8] These ships could have been called the Krivak V class.
The Soviet Burevestnik-class frigate Bezzavetny (FFG 811) collides with the US cruiser USS Yorktown in the 1988 incident.

Ships

Project 1135 (Krivak I)

Name Meaning of name Builder Laid down Launched Commissioned Status Notes
Bditelnyy Watchful Yantar, Kaliningrad 21 July 1968 28 March 1970 31 December 1970 Decommissioned in 1996
Bodryy Brisk Yantar, Kaliningrad 15 January 1969 28 April 1971 31 December 1971 Decommissioned in 1997
Dostoynyy Virtuous Kamysch-Burun, Kerch 11 August 1969 8 May 1971 31 December 1971 Decommissioned in 1993
Svirepyy Fierce Yantar, Kaliningrad 15 June 1970 27 January 1971 29 December 1972 Decommissioned in 1993
Silnyy Strong Yantar, Kaliningrad 15 March 1971 29 August 1972 30 June 1973 Decommissioned in 1994
Doblestnyy Valorous Kamysch-Burun, Kerch 30 November 1970 22 February 1973 28 December 1973 Decommissioned in 1993
Storozhevoy Vigilant Yantar, Kaliningrad 20 July 1972 21 March 1973 30 December 1973 Decommissioned in 2002 This ship was involved in a mutiny in 1975, which inspired the novel The Hunt for Red October.
Razumnyy Clever Yantar, Kaliningrad 26 June 1972 20 July 1973 30 September 1974 Decommissioned in 1998
Razyashchiy Striking Yantar, Kaliningrad 28 September 1972 22 July 1974 30 December 1974 Decommissioned in 1992
Druzhnyy Friendly Yantar, Kaliningrad 12 October 1973 22 January 1975 30 September 1975 Decommissioned in 2002 Currently on the Moscow River in northwest Moscow, intended to become a floating museum; sold for scrap, 2016.[9]
Deyatelnyy Active Kamysch-Burun, Kerch 21 June 1972 5 April 1975 25 December 1975 Decommissioned in 1995
Retivyy Ardent Zhdanov, Leningrad 12 June 1974 14 August 1976 28 December 1976 Decommissioned in 1995
Bezzavetnyy Serene Kamysch-Burun, Kerch 28 May 1976 7 May 1977 30 December 1977 Decommissioned in 2000 Collided with USS Yorktown (CG-48) in February 1988 in the Black Sea bumping incident.[10] Transferred to Ukrainian Navy on 1 August 1997.
Zadornyy Passionate Zhdanov, Leningrad 10 November 1977 25 March 1979 31 August 1979 Decommissioned in 2005
Bezukoriznennyy Irreproachable Kamysch-Burun, Kerch 12 July 1978 3 June 1979 29 December 1979 Decommissioned in 2000 Transferred to Ukrainian Navy on 1 August 1997.
Ladnyy Harmonious Kamysch-Burun, Kerch 25 May 1979 7 May 1980 29 December 1980 Active
Poryvistyy Impetuous Kamysh-Burun, Kerch 21 May 1980 16 May 1981 29 December 1981 Decommissioned in 1994 Transferred to Vladivostok 25 Nov 1994 as a training base.

Project 1135M (Krivak II)

Soviet Burevestnik M-class guided missile frigate Pytlivyy
Name Meaning of name Builder Laid down Launched Commissioned Status Notes
Rezvyy Frisky Yantar, Kaliningrad 12 December 1973 30 May 1975 30 December 1975 Decommissioned in 2001
Rezkiy Sharp Yantar, Kaliningrad 28 July 1974 17 February 1976 30 September 1976 Decommissioned in 1995
Razitelnyy Striking Yantar, Kaliningrad 11 February 1975 1 July 1976 31 December 1976 Decommissioned in 2004 Transferred to Ukrainian Navy on 1 August 1997.
Grozyashchiy Threatening Yantar, Kaliningrad 4 May 1975 7 February 1977 30 September 1977 Decommissioned in 1995
Neukrotimyy Indomitable Yantar, Kaliningrad 22 January 1976 7 September 1977 30 December 1977 Decommissioned in 2009 Sank on 5 November 2012 in the Baltic Sea.
Gromkiy Loud Yantar, Kaliningrad 23 June 1976 11 April 1978 30 September 1978 Decommissioned in 1998
Bessmennyy Unchanging Yantar, Kaliningrad 11 January 1977 9 August 1978 26 December 1978 Decommissioned in 1998
Gordelivy Proud Yantar, Kaliningrad 26 July 1977 3 May 1979 20 September 1979 Decommissioned in 1994
Ryanyy Spirited Yantar, Kaliningrad 1 March 1978 1 September 1979 31 December 1979 Decommissioned in 1997
Revnostnyy Zealous Yantar, Kaliningrad 1 March 1978 1 September 1979 31 December 1979 Decommissioned in 2003
Pytlivyy Keen Yantar, Kaliningrad 27 June 1979 16 April 1981 30 November 1981 Active Active as of 2018[11]

Project 11351 or Nerey (Krivak III)

Soviet KGB Border Troops Nerei class-frigate Imeni 70-Letiya Pogranichnykh Voisk (renamed Anadyr in Russian Coast Guard service) in 1988. KGB ensign is risen.
The Krivak-class frigate Hetman Sahaydachniy is the current flagship of the Ukrainian navy.[12]
In 2009 Vorovskiy in Port Angeles

All ships were built in Kerch and were intended for the Soviet Coast Guard under KGB. Nowadays, 2 ships are in service with the Russian FSB Coast Guard and 1 ship is in service with the Ukrainian Navy.

Name Meaning of name Builder Laid down Launched Commissioned Status Notes
Menzhinskiy Vyacheslav Menzhinsky Kamysch-Burun, Kerch 14 August 1981 31 December 1982 29 December 1983 Decommissioned in 1998
Dzerzhinskiy Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky Kamysch-Burun, Kerch 20 January 1983 20 March 1984 29 December 1984 Active
Oryol Oryol Kamysch-Burun, Kerch 26 September 1983 2 November 1985 1 November 1986 Active Originally to be named "Imeni XXVII siezda KPSS"
Pskov Pskov Kamysch-Burun, Kerch 26 December 1985 18 February 1987 29 December 1987 Decommissioned in 2002 Originally to be named "Imeni 70-letiya VChK—KGB"
Anadyr Anadyr Kamysch-Burun, Kerch 2 April 1987 2 March 1988 30 December 1988 Decommissioned in 2002 Originally to be named "Imeni 70-letiya Pogranvoisk"
Kedrov Mikhail Sergeevich Kedrov Kamysch-Burun, Kerch 4 April 1988 30 April 1989 28 December 1989 Decommissioned in 2002
Vorovskiy Vatslav Vorovsky Kamysch-Burun, Kerch 15 May 1989 28 July 1990 29 December 1990 Decommissioned in 2017
Hetman Sahaydachniy
(ex-Kirov)		 Petro Konashevych-Sahaidachny Kamysch-Burun, Kerch 5 October 1990 29 March 1992 2 April 1993 Active with the Ukrainian Navy
Hetman Vyshnevetskyi
(ex-Krasny Vympel)		 Dmytro "Baida" Vyshnevetsky Kamysch-Burun, Kerch 27 December 1992 Scrapped in 1995

Project 11352/11353

Modernized units of Project 1135 (Krivak I).

Name Meaning of name Builder Laid down Launched Commissioned Status Notes
Leningradskiy Komsomolets
(ex-Legkiy)		 Zhdanov, Leningrad 22 April 1974 1 April 1977 29 September 1977 Decommissioned in 2003
Letuchiy Flighty Zhdanov, Leningrad 9 March 1977 19 March 1978 10 August 1978 Decommissioned in 2005
Pylkiy Fervent Zhdanov, Leningrad 6 May 1977 20 August 1978 28 December 1978 Decommissioned in 2012
Zharkiy Heated Zhdanov, Leningrad 16 April 1974 3 November 1975 29 June 1976 Decommissioned in 2002

Project 11356 (Talwar)

Three improved Nerey frigates were ordered by the Indian Navy on 17 November 1997. They are known as Talwar-class frigates in Indian naval service. Three more, armed with the Brahmos missile, were ordered on 14 July 2006.[13]

Name Meaning of name Builder Laid down Launched Commissioned Status Notes
Talwar Baltic Shipyard, St. Petersburg 10 March 1999 12 May 2000 March 2002 (Russia), 18 June 2003 (India) Active
Trishul Baltic Shipyard, St. Petersburg 24 September 1999 24 October 2000 February 2002 (Russia), 25 June 2003 (India) Active
Tabar Baltic Shipyard, St. Petersburg 26 May 2000 25 May 2001 January 2004 (Russia), 19 April 2004 (India) Active
Teg Yantar Yard, Kaliningrad 28 July 2007 27 October 2009 27 April 2012 (India) Active
Tarkash Yantar Yard, Kaliningrad 27 October 2007 23 June 2010 October 2012 (Russia), 9 November 2012 (India) Active
Trikand Yantar Yard, Kaliningrad 12 June 2008 25 May 2011 April 2013 (Russia), 29 June 2013 (India) Active

Project 11356P/M (Admiral Grigorovich)

Six frigates of the Admiral Grigorovich-class were ordered for the Black Sea Fleet to be built by the Yantar Yard in Kaliningrad which is also building the Talwar-class for the Indian Navy.

Name Builder Laid down Launched Commissioned Fleet Status Notes
Admiral Grigorovich Yantar, Kaliningrad 18 December 2010 14 March 2014 11 March 2016 Black Sea Active
Admiral Essen Yantar, Kaliningrad 8 July 2011 7 November 2014 7 June 2016 Black Sea Active
Admiral Makarov Yantar, Kaliningrad 29 February 2012 2 September 2015 27 December 2017 Black Sea Active
Admiral Butakov Yantar, Kaliningrad 13 July 2013 5 March 2016 Before 2020 Black Sea Under construction
Admiral Istomin Yantar, Kaliningrad 15 November 2013 Before 2020 Black Sea Under construction
Admiral Kornilov Yantar, Kaliningrad Before 2020 Black Sea Under construction

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Warship recognition mnemonic device employed by U.S. Navy intelligence officers during the Cold War when preparing deploying unit level combat "operators" (e.g., Pilots, Naval Flight Officers, Surface Warfare Officers, Submarine Officers) for overseas deployments.
  2. ↑ http://www.militaryfactory.com/ships/detail.asp?ship_id=Storozhevoy-Project-1135
  3. ↑ "Боевые искусства. Все о самообороне". Warfare.ru. Retrieved 2014-03-08.
  4. ↑ John Pike. "Ukraine – Navy Equipment". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2014-03-08.
  5. ↑ Kommersant Vlast', No.7, 25 February 2008 (Russian)
  6. ↑ "Yantar shipyard to build three warships for Russian Navy". Brahmand.com. 2010-10-13. Archived from the original on 2014-03-08. Retrieved 2014-03-08.
  7. ↑ "Kaliningrad shipyard to build three frigates for Russian Navy | Defense | RIA Novosti". En.rian.ru. Retrieved 2014-03-08.
  8. ↑ 27.09.2010 (2010-09-27). "BSF to receive new frigates every year since 2013". Rusnavy.com. Retrieved 2014-03-08.
  9. ↑ EnglishRussia.com – "Friendly" Ship Guarding Moscow
  10. ↑ William J. Aceves. "Diplomacy at Sea: U.S. Freedom of Navigation Operations in the Black Sea". International Law Studies. 68.
  11. ↑ http://tass.com/defense/1025089
  12. ↑ Kozhara: Hetman Sahaidachny frigate to join NATO’s anti-piracy operation, Interfax-Ukraine (17 September 2013)
  13. ↑ Russia to complete second missile frigate for Indian Navy by March

References

  • Gardiner, Robert (ed.) (1995). Conway's all the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. London: Conway Maritime. ISBN 0-85177-605-1. OCLC 34284130. Also published as Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen; Budzbon, Przemysław (1995). Conway's all the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-132-7. OCLC 34267261.
  • Pavlov, A. S., Warships of the USSR and Russia 1945–1995 (Chatham Publishing, 1997) ISBN 1-86176-039-6.
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