Kilimanjaro National Park

Kilimanjaro National Park
IUCN category II (national park)
The entrance to Kilimanjaro National Park.
Map showing the location of Kilimanjaro National Park
Location Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania
Coordinates 3°04′S 37°22′E / 3.067°S 37.367°E / -3.067; 37.367Coordinates: 3°04′S 37°22′E / 3.067°S 37.367°E / -3.067; 37.367
Area 1,688 km2 (652 sq mi)
Established 1973[1]
Visitors c. 52,000 per year[2]
Governing body Tanzania National Parks Authority
Website www.tanzaniaparks.go.tz
Type Natural
Criteria vii
Designated 1987 (11th session)
Reference no. 403
State Party Tanzania
Region Africa

Kilimanjaro National Park is a Tanzanian national park, located 300 kilometres (190 mi) south of the equator[1] and in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania. The park is located near the city of Moshi.[3] The park includes the whole of Mount Kilimanjaro above the tree line and the surrounding montane forest belt above 1,820 metres (5,970 ft).[1][3] It covers an area of 1,688 square kilometres (652 sq mi), 2°50'–3°10'S latitude, 37°10'–37°40'E longitude.[1] The park is administered by the Tanzania National Parks Authority (TANAPA).[4]

The park generated US $51 million in revenue in 2013,[5]:285 the second-most of any Tanzanian national park,[6]:258 and was one of only two Tanzanian national parks to generate a surplus during the 2012-13 budget year.[7] (The Ngorongoro Conservation Area, which includes the heavily visited Ngorongoro Crater, is not a national park.) The fees for park usage and for climbing Mount Kilimanjaro during the 2015-16 budget year are published on the Internet. TNPA has reported that the park recorded 58,460 tourists during the 2012-13 budget year, of whom 54,584 were foreigners.[7] Of the park's 57,456 tourists during the 2011-12 budget year, 16,425 hiked the mountain, which was well below the capacity of 28,470 as specified in the park's General Management Plan.[8]

History

In the early twentieth century, Mount Kilimanjaro and the adjacent forests were declared a game reserve by the German colonial government.[3] In 1921, it was designated a forest reserve.[3] In 1973, the mountain above the tree line (about 2,700 metres (8,900 ft)) was reclassified as a national park.[1] The park was declared a World Heritage Site by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in 1987.[3] In 2005, the park was expanded to include the entire montane forest, which had been part of the Kilimanjaro Forest Reserve.[1][3]

Fauna

A variety of animals can be found in the park. Above the timberline, the Kilimanjaro tree hyrax, the grey duiker, and rodents are frequently encountered.[3] The bushbuck and red duiker appear above the timberline in places.[3] Cape buffaloes are found in the montane forest and occasionally in the moorland and grassland.[3] Elephants can be found between the Namwai and Tarakia rivers and sometimes occur at higher elevations.[3] In the montane forests, blue monkeys, western black and white colobuses, bushbabies, and leopards can be found.[3]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Kilimanjaro National Park World Heritage Site, Tanzania National Parks
  2. ↑ "Wings of Kili: Paragliding from Arica's highest peak". Daily News (Tanzania). Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Kilimanjaro National Park, World Heritage Center, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
  4. ↑ Mount Kilimanjaro National Park, Tanzania National Parks Authority Archived 2012-09-23 at the Wayback Machine.
  5. ↑ Ghazali Musa; James Higham; Anna Thompson-Carr, eds. (5 June 2015). Mountaineering Tourism. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-66874-9.
  6. ↑ Ian Christie; Eneida Fernandes; Hannah Messerli; Louise Twining-Ward (2014). Tourism in Africa: Harnessing Tourism for Growth and Improved Livelihoods. World Bank Publications. ISBN 9781464801976.
  7. 1 2 Park arrivals highlights, Tourism Performance, Corporate Information, Tanzania National Parks, accessed 9 November 2015 Archived 20 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
  8. ↑ "PRESS STATEMENT: NUMBER OF MOUNT KILIMANJARO CLIMBERS NOT A THREAT", Tanzania National Parks, 5 March 2014, accessed 31 July 2015 Archived 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
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