Khan Muhammad Khan

Khansahib Col Khan Muhammad Khan-IDSM
خانصاحب کرنل خان محمد خان - آئی ڈی ایس ایم
1882–1961
Born (1882-01-01)1 January 1882
Sudhanoti, Poonch jagir, Jammu and Kashmir, British India
Died 11 November 1961(1961-11-11) (aged 81)
Sudhanoti, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
Citizenship Azad Jammu and Kashmir (post-1947)
Jammu Kashmir (pre-1947)
Occupation Soldier and Politician
Jammu & Kashmir Member Legislative Assembly in
1934-1946
Known for Founding the Sudhan Educational Conference
Chairman of the War Council during the 1947 War of Independence (AJ&K)
Children Sardar Ali Muhammad (son)-Late
Col Retd Naqi Khan(son)-Late
Sardar Abdul Qayyum Khan (son)-Late
Khalida Khanum(daughter)-Late
Adeeba Khanum(daughter)-Late
Family Sudhan
Awards World War I, receiving the Indian Distinguished Service Medal (IDSM)
Khansahib on 11 June 1942 Awarded by Viceroy & Governor-General of India on behalf of the British Government

Colonel Khan Muhammad Khan (Urdu: کرنل خان محمد خان) was a prominent soldier and politician in Poonch, serving in the Legislative Assembly (Praja Sabha[1]) of the princely state of Jammu & Kashmir until 1947. Later he served as the Chairman of the War Council during the 1947 Poonch Rebellion (regarded as the "War of Independence" by the Poonchis).[2]He belonged to an elite Sudhan family,[3]Sudhans have a Pashtun descent and moved to the Poonch district of Kashmir region some centuries ago.[4]

Early life and career

Khan Muhammad Khan was born in 1882, in a village called Chhachhan (now Khan Abad) in the Sudhnuti tehsil of the Poonch jagir.

After learning Quran at home, he went to school in Kahuta (Rawalpindi district) at age 10. After the completion of primary school, he joined the British Indian Army in 1902.[5]

Khan participated in World War I, receiving the Indian Distinguished Service Medal (IDSM).[5] He retired from the Army with the rank of Subedar-major.[6][7]

After retirement from the army, Khan was employed as the police inspector of Poonch by the Raja Baldev Singh. Khan served in this post until 1924, after which he engaged in social welfare activities.[5]

Activism

In the beginning of the 20th century, certain social and educational organization emerged in different regions of Jammu & Kashmir. Their basic objective was to remove the injurious and un-Islamic customs and traditions from the society through the mode of peaceful conversion and educating the young generation. On the same pattern, a socio-educational movement was initiated in Poonch jagir region by Khan Muhammad Khan (Known as Khansahib) in early 1930s; however, he considered education as the most significant instrument for the improvement of the society. It was the need of hour as the ratio of education amongst the Muslims in Poonch jagir was just around 2% as compared to 5% in the rest of Jammu & Kashmir while the condition in the villages was at its level worst Regarding the promotion of education, he started an educational campaign in 1934.[8]

He organized a meeting of the women of the region at Dhar Drach, a village near Pallandri.[8] In that particular meeting, he focused his talk around the education of girls and asked them to support his educational project through a first of flour surplus on daily basics After the verbal commitment of those women, Khansahib launched "Muthi Bhar Atta Funding Scheme" (shortly Muthi Bhar Atta Scheme) on the pattern of Anjuman-e-Humayat-e-Islam.[9] Under this funding scheme, a handful of each family’s flour was collected on weekly basis and used to fund projects such as the constructions of the (Jamia Mosque) and the Darul Allum Madrassa at Pallandri which was serving as a school of religious education in the region.[10]

After the successful completion of the Jamia Masjid and the Darul Alum he extended the educational campaign Soon Khan Sahib succeed in forming the committee of notables to work for the promotion of education in the region, In order to promote the educational trends amongst the new generation, the members of the committee were used to visit the different villages, Khan Sahib’s record reflects that the serving soldiers and junior officers of the Poonch jagir region the British-Indian Army had also financially supported his educational campaign.[11] He did not only focus his devotion on the promotion of education amongst boys but also took a keen interest in the education of girls and established the girls-school at Cheh Chann near Pallandri on 17 November 1939[12]

Under this movement, various independent schools were established in the different parts of the Poonch region where teachers rendered their services on the volunteer basis. A source claimed that a gentlemen known as Sardar Shah Wali Khan had established a private school at Patola (Tain), a remote area on the North-west part of Poonch jagir in 1935 where he taught on volunteer basis until the school was taken over by State Government in its ownership in 1945. Regarding the promotion of educational, this movement lasted very positive impact on the entire region. That is why; the educational ratio in the Poonch region has remained higher than the rest of districts in Azad Kashmir. For the economic, social and infrastructural development of the region. Khansahib adopted a strategy to promote the working relations between the Government and society.[13]

History

Two historical personalities of Poonch and Kotli: Col. Khan Muhammad Khan (left) and Sardar Fateh Muhammad Khan Karelvi (right)

Sardar Khan Muhammad Khan first entered politics with his election to the seat of Tehsil Bagh and Sudhnati in the first elections of the Jammu & Kashmir Legislative Assembly, held in 1934. His political rival, Ch. Khan Bahadar Khan Bhango, received less than 1000 votes and consequently lost his security deposit.[14][15]

He was returned to the Tehsil Bagh and Sudhnoti seat in subsequent Legislative Assembly elections until 1946, when he stepped aside voluntarily in favour of Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan, who later became the first president of Azad Kashmir.

In 1947 he became Chairman of the War Council during War of Independence, and later became a Member of the Defence Council. He also organised 60,000 ex-servicemen from the Sudhan tribe to fight against 'Dogra rule' in Poonch.[15]

He dedicated his life and the resources he had, to improving the lives of the Muslims of "Poonch" particularly and the Muslims of Kashmir generally. His main political concern was the plight of Muslims under the oppressive double tier rule of "Raja Poonch" and "Maharaja of Kashmir". He worked against various social evils prevailing amongst his people at that time. He motivated his people to give up the superfluous and frivolous social practices like Dowry, lavish spending on birth, death and marriage rituals, naswar and cigarettes, he emphasized the importance of education for all. It is basically thanks to his efforts that Azad Kashmir today has a comparatively higher literacy rate then the neighbouring areas of NWFP and Punjab. He founded the Sudhan Educational Conference which still provides free education for the poor, he also set up a muthi bhar atta scheme where a handful of each family's surplus flour was collected everyday and used to fund projects such as the construction of the Jamia mosque and the Darul Allum Madrassa in Pallandri.[15]

Every year on 11 November, the anniversary of his death in 1961, thousands of people gather and pay homage at his tomb in Pallandri.[15]

Awards and honours

KHANSAB (AWARD) COL KHAN MUHAMMAD KHAN

For his commitment and selfless service to the people of Kashmir, he was given title of Khansahib on 11 June 1942 Awarded by Viceroy & Governor-General of India on behalf of the British Government, the Azad Jammu and Kashmir Government awarded him the honorary titles of Baba-e-Poonch and Gazi-e-Kashmir.[15]

His home town of Chechan in Sudhanoti has been renamed Khanabad in his honour, and the Khan Muhammad Khan degree college of Pallandri is named after him.[15] Cadet College Palandri has also one House named Khan House named after him.[16]

References

  1. ↑ https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.510054/2015.510054.The-Jammu_djvu.txt
  2. ↑ History of Kashmir Freedom by Maulvi Meer Alam Khan
  3. ↑ Introduction, Khan Sahib Government College of Technology, Rawalkot, retrieved 21 March 2017.
  4. ↑ Syed Ali (1998). "South Asia: The Perils of Covert Coercion". In Lawrence Freedman. Strategic Coercion: Concepts and Cases. Oxford University Press. p. 253. ISBN 0-19-829349-6.
  5. 1 2 3 Introduction, Khan Sahib Government College of Technology, Rawalkot, retrieved 21 March 2017.
  6. ↑ Ankit, The Problem of Poonch 2010, p. 8.
  7. ↑ Saraf, Kashmiris Fight for Freedom 1977, p. 517.
  8. 1 2 History of Kashmir Freedom by Maulvi Meer Alam Khan
  9. ↑ The Anjuman Himyun-e-Islam was establishment on 22 September 1884. Qazi hamid-ud-Din was elected its first president. Its main aims an objectives where to Arrange for the religious and general education of Muslim boys and girls to propagate and defined Islam against the Christian missionaries and Hindu revivalists and to counteract the propaganda against Islam through speeches and publications
  10. ↑ M. Sadiq Khan & Ghulam Hussain Azhar, Yagana-e-Kashmir, p . 36
  11. ↑ M. Sadiq Khan & Ghulam Hussain Azhar, Yagana-e-Kashmir, p . 56
  12. ↑ tareekh e poonch
  13. ↑ Introduction, Khan Sahib Government College of Technology, Rawalkot
  14. ↑ Khan, Ghulam Hassan. Freedom movement in Kashmir, 1931-1940. p. 283.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Yagana e Kashmir by Brig M. Sadiq Khan and Dr Ghulam Hussain Azhar
  16. ↑ Cadet College Palandri

Bibliography

  • Ankit, Rakesh (August 2010), "The Problem of Poonch", Epilogue, 4 (8): 8–49
  • Saraf, Muhammad Yusuf (1977), Kashmiris Fight for Freedom, Volume 1, Ferozsons
  • Suharwardy, Abdul Haq (1983), Tragedy in Kashmir, Wajidalis
  • Kashmir in Muslim Era by P.N. Parmu
  • Kitab Al Hind by Alberuni
  • A History of the Reigning Family of Lahore by Maj G. Carmichael Smyth
  • Tarekh e Qabail
  • tareekh e poonch
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