Interpolation (music)

Interpolation in music generally refers to a music track reproducing a portion of another song in some other way, without the direct use or sample from the actual source recording. This is also known as a "replayed sample". In many cases, a replayed sample or interpolation reproduces the exact melody line of another track using a different instrument, or in the case of interpolated vocals, being sung or rapped by another singer or rapper.

Interpolation also refers to different things in classical music and hip hop music:

In classical music

Interpolation (also known as replayed), especially in 20th-century music and later, is an abrupt change of musical elements, with the (almost immediate) resumption of the main theme or idea.[1] Pieces that are cited as featuring interpolation, among other techniques, are Music for Brass Quintet by Gunther Schuller and Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima by Krzysztof Penderecki, both 1960–61.[1]

For music of the Classical period, "interpolation" is defined in the context of a musical sentence or period as "unrelated material inserted between two logically succeeding functions".[2]

This device is commonly used to extend what would normally be a regular phrase into an irregular and extended phrase. Such expansion by interpolation is achieved by the addition of extra music in the middle of a phrase (commonly through the use of sequence). A clear example exists in the second movement of Mozart's Piano Sonata No. 10, K.330.

Formerly, in the sung portions of the Mass, such as the introit or kyrie, it was permissible, especially during the medieval period, to amplify a liturgical formula by interpolating a "farse" (from Medieval Latin farsa, forcemeat),[3] also called "trope".[4] This might consist of an explanatory phrase or verse, usually in the form of an addition or paraphrase, often in the vernacular.

In the classical suite, consisting strictly of the allemande, courante, saraband and gigue, composers often interpolated a gavotte, bourrée, minuet, musette or passepied.

In hip hop music

In hip hop music, interpolation refers to using a melody—or portions of a melody (often with modified lyrics)—from a previously recorded song but re-recording the melody instead of sampling it. The method is often used when the original artist or label declines to license the actual sample, since sampling already released music is subject to compulsory licenses.

Examples: "Ghetto Supastar" by Pras features a hook sung by Mýa that was originally written for the song "Islands in the Stream" by Kenny Rogers and Dolly Parton. The song "I'll Be Missing You" by Faith Evans and P. Diddy is an interpolation of "Every Breath You Take" by the Police. Frank Ocean's "White Ferrari" interpolates the Beatles' "Here, There and Everywhere". Trippie Redd also uses a method of interpolation throughout the hook in his song "Dark Knight Dummo" (feat. Travis Scott), which is reminiscent of Trippie's feature in XXXTentacion's "F**k Love".[5]

References

  1. 1 2 Wittlich, Gary E. (ed.) (1975). Aspects of Twentieth-century Music, p.48 n.12 and p.49. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-049346-5.
  2. ↑ William E. Caplin, Classical Form: A Theory of Formal Functions for the Instrumental Music of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven, p. 255. ISBN 0-19-514399-X.
  3. ↑ Farse: Definition with Farse Pictures and Photos. Lexicus – Word Definitions for Puzzlers and Word Lovers.
  4. ↑ Catholic Encyclopedia: Trope. New Advent.
  5. ↑ "Spending each day of the year, White Ferrari". Genius. Retrieved 2017-10-10.
  • WhoSampled – a user-generated database of interpolations and samples in all types of music.
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