International Skating Union

International Skating Union
Sport Ice Skating
Jurisdiction International
Abbreviation ISU
Founded July 1892
Headquarters Lausanne, Switzerland
President Jan Dijkema[1]
Official website
www.isu.org

The International Skating Union (ISU) is the international governing body for competitive ice skating disciplines, including figure skating, synchronized skating, speed skating, and short track speed skating.[2] It was founded in Scheveningen, Netherlands, in July 1892, making it one of the oldest international sport federations. The ISU was formed to establish standardized international rules and regulations for the skating disciplines it governs, and to organize international competitions in these disciplines. It is now based in Lausanne, Switzerland.

History

The International Skating Union (ISU) was founded in 1892 to govern speed skating and figure skating. [3] In 1895, the ISU streamlined its mission to deal only with amateur competitors and not professionals. The organization hosted its first amateur skating championship in February 1896 in St. Petersburg, Russia.[4]

The United States and Canada formed a competing organization, the International Skating Union of America (ISUA), in 1907.[5] Within the next two years, twelve European nations had joined the ISU, and the ISUA had only its original members.[6] The ISUA folded in 1927.[7]

European and North American figure skaters rarely competed against each other due to differences in their styles of skating.[8] The ISU had "systematized and arranged" the sport of figure skating,[8] with competitions including "a selection of ten or twelve numbers from the I. S. U. programme, ... five minutes' free skating to music, ... [and] special figures" on one foot.[6] In 1911, Canada joined the ISU, leaving the United States as the only major competitor to not be a member.[8]

Short track speed skating gained its own world championship event, hosted by the ISU, in 1976. At the time, the sport was known as indoor speed skating, but it was renamed short-track when indoor rinks for the longer speed skating events were introduced.[9]

By 1988, 38 nations had joined the ISU. Within the next few years, the ISU abandoned one of its long-held practices, eliminating the use of mandatory figures in the singles' figure skating competitions and reducing their use in ice dancing.[10]

After the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah, the ISU implemented sweeping changes to many of its events. In one of the short track speed skating events, Apolo Anton Ohno was awarded the gold medal after the disqualification of Kim Dong-Sung. Although the South Korean delegation protested the disqualification, ISU rules did not allow for a review of the official's call. Several months later, the ISU approved the use of video replay, when available, to review referee decisions.[11] The rules for judging figure skating were also changed as the result of the 2002 Olympic Winter Games figure skating scandal. According to Ottavio Cinquanta, president of the ISU, "'Something was wrong there,' ... 'Not just the individual but also the system. It existed for 70 years. Now we are trying to replace one system with another.'"[12] A new figure skating judging system took effect in 2004, eliminating the 6.0 system perfect scores and instead giving points for various technical elements.[13]

ISU Championships

In addition to sanctioning other international competitions, the ISU designates the following competitions each year as "ISU Championships":

Speed skating:

Figure skating:

Note that events such as the Olympic Winter Games and the ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating are not ISU Championships. However, they do count towards Personal Best scores.

First world championships

Dates and locations of first world championships in various disciplines held under the auspices of the ISU:

Cooperation with other sports

ISU has an agreement with Federation of International Bandy to use the same arenas. The cooperation between the two federations is increasing, since both have an interest in more indoor venues with large ice surfaces being built.[14]

Organization

As of the summer of 2008, the ISU consisted of 63 member nations, with a governing council of 11. To add any proposal to the agenda of meetings, it must have support from four-fifths of the members. Proposals on the agenda are approved with a two-thirds majority vote.[15]

Presidents of the ISU

Members

As of 16 July 2018, there are 93 member federations of the International Skating Union.[16][17] In many countries, figure skating and speed skating are governed by different federations, but both can be members of the ISU; the national federations are ISU members for figure skating, for speed skating or for both. Some of these national federations also govern other sports in their countries, but are not ISU members in that capacity. Apart from the national governing bodies, there are also some old skating clubs which are members in their own rights.

See also

References

  1. ↑ [Nederlander Dijkema gekozen tot nieuwe voorzitter ISU http://www.nu.nl/sport/4275745/nederlander-dijkema-gekozen-nieuwe-voorzitter-isu.html ]
  2. ↑ "ISU Constitution and General Regulations 2012" Archived 2014-02-22 at the Wayback Machine. International Skating Union. (accessed January 12, 2014).
  3. ↑ Speed Skating, Sports Illustrated, 2002, archived from the original on 2009-02-11, retrieved 2007-11-12
  4. ↑ "Ice Skating Champions" (PDF), New York Times, December 3, 1895, retrieved 2007-11-12
  5. ↑ "New Skating Organization" (PDF), New York Times, February 3, 1907, retrieved 2007-11-12
  6. 1 2 Browne, George H. (November 28, 1909), "Artistic Skating in the International Style" (PDF), New York Times, retrieved 2007-11-12
  7. ↑ "USARS - About Us". Archived from the original on 2008-12-11. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
  8. 1 2 3 "Figure Skating Becoming Popular" (PDF), New York Times, March 19, 1911, retrieved 2007-11-12
  9. ↑ Araton, Harvey (February 18, 2002), "Sports of the Times; Short-Tracking Skating Crashes Into View", New York Times, archived from the original on February 12, 2009, retrieved 2007-11-12
  10. ↑ "No More Figures in Figure Skating", New York Times, June 9, 1988, archived from the original on February 12, 2009, retrieved 2007-11-12
  11. ↑ "PLUS: Speed-Skating; Replays Approved in Short Track", New York Times, June 6, 2002, archived from the original on February 12, 2009, retrieved 2007-11-12
  12. ↑ Vecsey, George (March 25, 2003), "Sports of the Times; Don't Hide Identities of Skating Judges", New York Times, archived from the original on February 12, 2009, retrieved 2007-11-12
  13. ↑ Skating Union passes new judging system, CBC, June 9, 2004, archived from the original on November 23, 2007, retrieved 2007-11-12
  14. ↑ "Google Translate". translate.google.co.uk. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
  15. ↑ Roberts, Selena (June 3, 2002), "Figure Skating; Skating Union to Consider Changes", New York Times, archived from the original on February 12, 2009, retrieved 2007-11-12
  16. ↑ "List of European and Four Continents Members" (PDF). International Skating Union. Archived from the original on 2018-07-16. Retrieved 2018-07-16.
  17. ↑ "Member federations". International Skating Union. Archived from the original on 2018-07-08. Retrieved 2018-07-16.
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