Hypolycaena erylus

Common tit
Underside, Cambodia
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Lycaenidae
Genus: Hypolycaena
Species: H. erylus
Binomial name
Hypolycaena erylus
(Godart, 1823)
Subspecies

Many, see text

Synonyms
  • Polyommatus erylus Godart, [1824]
  • Hypolycaena teatus Fruhstorfer, 1912

Hypolycaena erylus, the common tit,[1][2] is a small but striking butterfly found in India and South-East Asia[3][4] that belongs to the lycaenids or blues family.

Range

Bangladesh, Nepal, Sikkim, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, southern Yunnan, Java, Lombok, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Andamans, Nias, Sulawesi, Philippines, Sula, Bachan, Halmahera, Obi, Bismarck Archipelago and Waigeu.[1]

Status

Common.[3][4] Not rare as per Haribal.[5]

Description

The underside of both sexes is pale greyish brown. The underside hindwing does not have a spot in the basal area of 7. The butterfly has two tails - a 6 mm long one at V1 and a 5 mm long tail at V2. The markings include:[5]

  • a double bar at end-cell
  • a regular discal line on the forewing
  • a broken, less regular line on the hindwing

The male butterfly is pale blue to dark brown above, dark shining purple depending on the light. It has a black border with the upper forewing having a large black discal area of modified scales.[5]

The female butterfly is dark brown and its hindwing has a white disconnected discal band above the tornus. The butterfly also has a white-edged tornal black spot in 2.[5]

Subspecies

The butterfly has a number of subspecies of which one, H. e. himavantus (Fruhstorfer), is found in mainland India while another H. e. andamana Moore is found in the Andamans.[5] All subspecies are:

  • H. e. erylus (Java)
  • H. e. pupienus Fruhstorfer, 1912 (Lombok)
  • H. e. teatus Fruhstorfer, 1912 (southern Thailand, Peninsular Malaya, Sumatra, Borneo)
  • H. e. himavantus Fruhstorfer, 1912 (Nepal, Sikkim to Burma, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, southern Yunnan)
  • H. e. andamana Moore, 1877 (Andamans)
  • H. e. syphax Fruhstorfer, 1912 (Nias)
  • H. e. gamatius Fruhstorfer, 1912 (Sulawesi) (= H. e. pigres Fruhstorfer, 1912 (Obi))
  • H. e. tmolus C. & R. Felder, 1862 (Philippines)
  • H. e. orsiphantus Fruhstorfer, 1912 (Philippines: Basilan)
  • H. e. aimnestus Fruhstorfer, 1912 (Palawan)
  • H. e. georgius Fruhstorfer, 1912 (Sula)
  • H. e. thyrius Fruhstorfer, 1912 (Bachan, Halmahera)
  • H. e. moutoni Ribbe
  • H. e. figulus Fruhstorfer, 1912 (Waigeu)
  • H. e. erna Kalis, 1933 (Bismarck Archipelago)

Habits

The butterfly is abundant at low elevations. Males are known to cluster at damp patches while the females are rarely seen.[5]

Food plants

Recorded on Meyna pubescens in India.[5]

See also

Cited references

  1. 1 2 "Hypolycaena C. & R. Felder, 1862" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
  2. ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Hypolycaena erylus". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved April 20, 2018.
  3. 1 2 Evans, W.H. (1932). The Identification of Indian Butterflies (2nd ed.). Mumbai, India: Bombay Natural History Society. p. 294, ser no H80.3.
  4. 1 2 Wynter-Blyth, Mark Alexander (1957). Butterflies of the Indian Region. Bombay, India: Bombay Natural History Society. pp. 253–254. ISBN 978-8170192329.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Haribal, Meena (1992). The Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and Their Natural History. Gangtok, Sikkim, India: Sikkim Nature Conservation Foundation. p. 107.

References

  • Beccaloni, George; Scoble, Malcolm; Kitching, Ian; Simonsen, Thomas; Robinson, Gaden; Pitkin, Brian; Hine, Adrian; Lyal, Chris. "The Global Lepidoptera Names Index (LepIndex)". Natural History Museum, London. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
  • Bingham, C.T. (1907). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. II (1st ed.). London: Taylor and Francis, Ltd.
  • Evans, W.H. (1932). The Identification of Indian Butterflies (2nd ed.). Mumbai, India: Bombay Natural History Society.
  • Haribal, Meena (1992). The Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and Their Natural History. Gangtok, Sikkim, India: Sikkim Nature Conservation Foundation.
  • "Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera".
  • Wynter-Blyth, Mark Alexander (1957). Butterflies of the Indian Region. Bombay, India: Bombay Natural History Society. ISBN 978-8170192329.
  • Asahinet Photographs of correctly determined specimens of Hypolycaena erylus from the Philippines
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