Hordeum

barley + wild barley
Hordeum vulgare f. distichon
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Plantae
Clade:Angiosperms
Clade:Monocots
Clade:Commelinids
Order:Poales
Family:Poaceae
Subfamily:Pooideae
Tribe:Triticeae
Genus:Hordeum
L.[1]
Type species
Hordeum vulgare
Synonyms[4]
  • Zeocriton Wolf
  • Critesion Raf.
  • Critho E.Mey.

Hordeum is a genus of annual and perennial plants in the grass family. They are native throughout the temperate regions of Africa, Eurasia, and the Americas.[5][6][7][8][9]

One species, H. vulgare (barley), is of major commercial importance as a cereal grain, used as fodder crop and for malting in beer and whiskey production. Some species are nuisance weeds introduced worldwide by human activities others endangered due to habitat loss.

Hordeum species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including the flame, rustic shoulder-knot and setaceous Hebrew character.

The name comes from the Latin for bristle, and is akin to horror.

Species[4][10][11][12]
  1. Hordeum aegiceras - Mongolia, China including Tibet
  2. Hordeum arizonicum USA (CA AZ NV NM), Mexico (Baja California, Sonora, Durango)
  3. Hordeum bogdanii - from Turkey and European Russia to Mongolia
  4. Hordeum brachyantherum - Russia (Kuril, Kamchatka), Alaska, Canada including Yukon, USA (mostly in the West but also scattered locales in the East), Baja California
  5. Hordeum brachyatherum - Chile
  6. Hordeum brevisubulatum - European Russia; temperate and subarctic Asia from Turkey and the Urals to China and Magadan
  7. Hordeum bulbosum - Mediterranean, Central Asia
  8. Hordeum californicum - USA (CA OR NV)
  9. Hordeum capense - South Africa, Lesotho
  10. Hordeum chilense - Argentina, Chile including Juan Fernández Is
  11. Hordeum comosum - Argentina, Chile
  12. Hordeum cordobense - northern Argentina
  13. Hordeum depressum - USA (CA OR WA ID NV), British Columbia, Baja California
  14. Hordeum distichon - Iraq
  15. Hordeum erectifolium - northern Argentina
  16. Hordeum euclaston - Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina
  17. Hordeum flexuosum - Uruguay, Argentina
  18. Hordeum fuegianum - Tierra del Fuego
  19. Hordeum guatemalense - Guatemala
  20. Hordeum halophilum - Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, Peru
  21. Hordeum jubatum (foxtail barley) - widespread in USA and Canada; Asiatic Russia, Inner Mongolia, Central Asia, Caucasus
  22. Hordeum × lagunculciforme - Iraq, Turkmenistan, Himalayas, western China
  23. Hordeum lechleri - Argentina, Chile
  24. Hordeum marinum (sea barley) - Europe, North Africa, southwestern and central Asia
  25. Hordeum murinum (wall barley) - Canary Islands, Europe, North Africa, southwestern and central Asia
  26. Hordeum muticum - Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, Peru
  27. Hordeum parodii - Argentina
  28. Hordeum patagonicum - Argentina, Chile
  29. Hordeum × pavisii - France
  30. Hordeum procerum - Argentina
  31. Hordeum pubiflorum - Argentina, Chile
  32. Hordeum pusillum (little barley) - widespread in Canada and USA; northern Mexico, Bermuda, Argentina
  33. Hordeum roshevitzii - China, Korea, Primorye, Mongolia, Siberia, Kazakhstan
  34. Hordeum secalinum - Europe, Mediterranean, Caucasus
  35. Hordeum spontaneum - from Greece and Egypt to central China
  36. Hordeum stenostachys - Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, South Africa
  37. Hordeum tetraploidum - Argentina, Chile
  38. Hordeum vulgare (barley) - native to Middle East, now cultivated in many countries
formerly included[4]

Many species now regarded as better suited to other genera: Arrhenatherum, Crithopsis, Dasypyrum, Elymus, Eremopyrum, Hordelymus, Leymus, Psathyrostachys, and Taeniatherum

References

  1. ↑ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 1: 84-85
  2. ↑ lectotype designated by Bowden, Canadian Journal of Botany 37: 679 (1959)
  3. ↑ Tropicos, Hordeum L.
  4. 1 2 3 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  5. ↑ Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 395 大麦属 da mai shu Hordeum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 84. 1753.
  6. ↑ Flora of Pakistan
  7. ↑ Altervista Flora Italiana genere Hordeum includes photos + distribution maps of several species
  8. ↑ Cabi, E. & M. Doğan. 2012. Poaceae. 690–756. In A. Güner, S. Aslan, T. Ekim, M. Vural & M. T. Babaç (eds.) Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi. Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, Istanbul
  9. ↑ Pohl, R. W. & G. Davidse. 1994. 60. Hordeum L. 6: 247. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez & A.O. Chater (eds.) Flora Mesoamericana. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F..
  10. ↑ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps
  11. ↑ The Plant List search for Hordeum
  12. ↑ Atlas of Living Australia
  • R. von Bothmer; N. Jacobsen; C. Baden; R. B. Jørgensen; I. Linde-Laursen (1995). An ecogeographical study of the genus Hordeum, 2nd ed. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome. ISBN 92-9043-229-2. Archived from the original on 2005-01-01.
  • F. R. Blattner (2004). "Phylogenetic analysis of Hordeum (Poaceae) as inferred by nuclear rDNA ITS sequences". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 33 (2): 289–299. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.05.012. PMID 15336664.
  • F. R. Blattner (2006). "Multiple intercontinental dispersals shaped the distribution area of Hordeum (Poaceae)". New Phytologist. 169 (3): 603–614. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01610.x. PMID 16411962.
  • F. R. Blattner (2009). "Progress in phylogenetic analysis and a new infrageneric classification of the barley genus Hordeum (Poaceae: Triticeae)". Breeding Science. 69 (5): 471–480. doi:10.1270/jsbbs.59.471.
  • S. S. Jakob; A. Ihlow; F. R. Blattner (2007). "Combined ecological niche modelling and molecular phylogeography revealed the evolutionary history of Hordeum marinum (Poaceae) — niche differentiation, loss of genetic diversity, and speciation in Mediterranean Quaternary refugia". Molecular Ecology. 16 (8): 1713–1727. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03228.x. PMID 17402985.
  • S. S. Jakob; E. Martinez-Meyer; F. R. Blattner (2009). "Phylogeographic analyses and paleodistribution modeling indicates Pleistocene in situ survival of Hordeum species (Poaceae) in southern Patagonia without genetic or spatial restriction". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 26 (4): 907–923. doi:10.1093/molbev/msp012. PMID 19168565.
  • T. Pleines; F. R. Blattner (2008). "Phylogeographic implications of an AFLP phylogeny of the American diploid Hordeum species (Poaceae: Triticeae)". Taxon. 57 (3): 875–881.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.