Commelinids

Commelinids
Cock's-foot grass (Dactylis glomerata)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Plantae
Clade:Angiosperms
Clade:Monocots
Clade:Commelinids
Orders
Diversity
About 1,420 genera

In plant taxonomy, commelinids (originally commelinoids[1][2]) (plural, not capitalised) is a name used by the APG IV system for a clade within the monocots, which in its turn is a clade within the angiosperms. The commelinids are the only clade that the APG has informally named within the monocots. The remaining monocots are a paraphyletic unit. Also known as the commelinid monocots it forms one of three groupings within the monocots, and the final branch, the other two groups being the alismatid monocots and the lilioid monocots.

Description

Members of the commelinid clade have cell walls containing UV-fluorescent ferulic acid.[3][4]

Taxonomy

The commelinids were first recognized as a formal group in 1967 by Armen Takhtajan, who named them the Commelinidae and assigned them to a subclass of the monocots.[5] However, by the release of his 1980 system of classification, he had merged this subclass into a larger one no longer considered to be a clade.

The commelinids constitute a well-supported clade within the monocots,[6] and this clade has been recognized in all four APG classification systems.

Cladogram 1: The phylogenetic composition of the monocots[7]

monocots 131

 

 

          

Acorales  

 
 

 

Alismatales  

 
122

          

Petrosaviales  

 
 

120

 

Dioscoreales 115  

 
 

Pandanales 91  

 
 
 

 

Liliales 121  

 
121

 

Asparagales 120  

 
commelinids 118

          

Arecales

 
 

Poales

 
 

          

Zingiberales

 
 

Commelinales

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Alismatid monocots

Subdivision

The commelinids of APG II (2003) and APG III (2009) contain essentially the same plants as the commelinoids of the earlier APG system (1998).[6] In APG IV (2016) the family Dasypogonaceae is no longer directly placed under commelinids but instead a family of order Arecales.[7]

clade monocots :
  • clade commelinids:
commelinids

 

Arecales

 
 

Poales

 
 

 

 

Zingiberales

 
 

Commelinales

 
 
 
 
The current phylogeny and composition of the commelinids.[8]

References

  1. ↑ APG (1998). "An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 85 (4): 531–553. doi:10.2307/2992015. JSTOR 2992015.
  2. ↑ APG II (2003). "An Update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group Classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 141 (4): 399–436. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x.
  3. ↑ Harris & Hartley 1976.
  4. ↑ Dahlgren, R. M. T.; Rassmussen, F. (1983). "Monocotyledon evolution. Characters and phylogenetic estimation". Evol. Biol. 16: 255–395.
  5. ↑ Takhtajan, A. (1967). Система и филогения цветкорых растений (Systema et Phylogenia Magnoliophytorum). Moscow: Nauka.
  6. 1 2 Cantino, Philip D.; James A. Doyle; Sean W. Graham; Walter S. Judd; Richard G. Olmstead; Douglas E. Soltis; Pamela S. Soltis; Michael J. Donoghue (2007). "Towards a phylogenetic nomenclature of Tracheophyta". Taxon. 56 (3): E1–E44. doi:10.2307/25065865. JSTOR 25065865.
  7. 1 2 APG IV 2016.
  8. ↑ "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. 2009. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x.

Bibliography

  • APG IV (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385.
  • Barrett, Craig F.; Baker, William J.; Comer, Jason R.; Conran, John G.; Lahmeyer, Sean C.; Leebens-Mack, James H.; Li, Jeff; Lim, Gwynne S.; Mayfield-Jones, Dustin R.; Perez, Leticia; Medina, Jesus; Pires, J. Chris; Santos, Cristian; Wm. Stevenson, Dennis; Zomlefer, Wendy B.; Davis, Jerrold I. (January 2016). "Plastid genomes reveal support for deep phylogenetic relationships and extensive rate variation among palms and other commelinid monocots". New Phytologist. 209 (2): 855–870. doi:10.1111/nph.13617. PMID 26350789.
  • Dahlgren, R. M. T.; Clifford, H. T.; Yeo, P. F. (1985). The Families of the Monocotyledons: Structure, Evolution, and Taxonomy. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-13655-2.
  • Harris, P.J.; Hartley, R.D. (1976). "Detection of bound ferulic acid in cell walls of the Gramineae by ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy". Nature. 259 (5543): 508–510. doi:10.1038/259508a0.

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