Hipposideridae

Hipposideridae
Temporal range: Eocene to present
Hipposideros commersoni
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Hipposideridae
Lydekker, 1891
Genera

See text.

Synonyms

The Hipposideridae are a family of bats commonly known as the Old World leaf-nosed bats. While it has often been seen as a subfamily, Hipposiderinae, of the family Rhinolophidae, it is now more generally classified as its own family.[1] Nevertheless, it is most closely related to Rhinolophidae within the suborder Pteropodiformes (or Yinpterochiroptera).[2]

The Hipposideridae contain 10 living genera and more than 70 species, mostly in the widespread genus Hipposideros.[3] In addition, several fossil genera are known; the oldest fossils attributed to the family are from the middle Eocene of Europe.[4] In their 1997 Classification of Mammals, Malcolm C. McKenna and Susan K. Bell proposed a division of Hipposideridae (called Rhinonycterinae in their work) into three tribes, one with two subtribes,[5] but these tribes turned out to be non-monophyletic and have been abandoned.[1] A different classification was proposed by Hand and Kirsch in 2003.[6] More recently, Petr Benda and Peter Vallo (2009) proposed a separate tribe, Triaenopini, for the genera Triaenops, Paratriaenops, and possibly Cloeotis.[7]

Genera

The genera included in Hipposideridae are (species counts only include living species):[8]

Living

  • Anthops (one species; Solomon Islands and Bougainville Island)
  • Asellia (two species; Africa and southwestern Asia; Miocene fossils from Europe)
  • Aselliscus (three species; southeastern Asia and Melanesia)
  • Cloeotis (one species; Africa)
  • Coelops (at least two species; southeastern Asia; Miocene fossils from Africa)
  • Hipposideros (more than sixty species; Africa, southern Eurasia, and Australasia; oldest fossils from the Eocene of Europe; includes Pseudorhinolophus, sometimes considered a separate genus)
  • Paracoelops (one species; Vietnam)
  • Paratriaenops (previously included in Triaenops; three species; Madagascar and Seychelles)[9]
  • Rhinonicteris (one species; Australia; earliest fossils from the Miocene)[10]
  • Triaenops (four species; Africa and southwestern Asia)[9]

Extinct

  • Brachipposideros (Oligocene to Miocene of Europe and Miocene of Australia; sometimes included in Hipposideros)
  • Brevipalatus (Miocene of Australia)[11]
  • Archerops (Miocene of Australia)[12]
  • Miophyllorhina (Miocene of Australia)[10]
  • Palaeophyllophora (Eocene to Miocene of Europe)
  • Paraphyllophora (Eocene or Oligocene to Miocene of Europe)
  • Riversleighia (Miocene of Australia)[10]
  • Vaylatsia (Oligocene of Europe)[13]
  • Xenorhinos (Miocene of Australia)[10]

List of species

Hipposideros lankadiva in Sri Lanka
Pseudorhinolophus antiquus skull and lower jaw at the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin
Colony of Hipposideros lankadiva (or perhaps Hipposideros speori) in a cave in Sri Lanka

Notes

  1. ↑ This name technically has priority over Hipposiderinae Lydekker, 1891, and some have consequently used "Rhinonycteridae" or "Rhinonycterinae" for this (sub)family; however, Hipposideridae/inae has been in common use since 1907 and is currently retained pending action by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature.[1]

References

  1. 1 2 3 Simmons, 2005, p. 365
  2. ↑ Hutcheon and Kirsch, 2006
  3. ↑ Simmons, 2005, pp. 365–379
  4. ↑ McKenna and Bell, 1997, p. 306
  5. ↑ McKenna and Bell, 1997, pp. 306–307
  6. ↑ Hand and Kirsch, 2003, table 3
  7. ↑ Benda and Vallo, 2009, p. 33
  8. ↑ Simmons, 2005, pp. 365–379; McKenna and Bell, 1997, pp. 306–307; other sources cited for specific genera
  9. 1 2 Benda and Vallo, 2009, p. 34
  10. 1 2 3 4 Archer et al., 2006, p. 7
  11. ↑ Hand and Archer, 2005
  12. ↑ Hand and Kirsch, 2003
  13. ↑ Ziegler, 2000, p. 652; Hand and Kirsch, 2003, table 3; cf. McKenna and Bell, 1997, p. 305 (excluded from Rhinonycterinae)
  14. ↑ Benda, Petr; Vallo, Peter; Reiter, Antonín (2011). "Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Asellia(Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) with a Description of a New Species from Southern Arabia". Acta Chiropterologica. 13 (2): 245–270. doi:10.3161/150811011X624749.
Bibliography
  • Archer, M., Arena, D.A., Bassarova, M., Beck, R.M.D., Black, K., Boles, W.E., Brewer, P., Cooke, B.N., Crosby, K., Gillespie, A., Godthelp, H., Hand, S.J., Kear, B.P., Louys, J., Morrell, A., Muirhead, J., Roberts, K.K., Scanlon, J.D., Travouillon, K.J. and Wroe, S. 2006. Current status of species-level representation in faunas from selected fossil localities in the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, northwestern Queensland. Alcheringa Special Issue 1:1-17. ISBN 0-9757894-5-7
  • Benda, P. and Vallo, P. 2009. Taxonomic revision of the genus Triaenops (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) with description of a new species from southern Arabia and definitions of a new genus and tribe. Folia Zoologica 58(Monograph 1):1–45.
  • Hand, S.J. and Archer, M. 2005. A new hipposiderid genus (Microchiroptera) from an early Miocene bat community in Australia. Palaeontology 48(2):371–383.
  • Hand, S.J. and Kirsch, J.A.W. 2003. Archerops, a new annectent hipposiderid genus (Mammalia: Microchiroptera) from the Australian Miocene. Journal of Paleontology 77(6):1139–1151.
  • Hutcheon, J.M. and Kirsch, J.A.W. 2006. A moveable face: deconstructing the Microchiroptera and a new classification of extant bats. Acta Chiropterologica 8(1):1–10.
  • McKenna, M.C. and Bell, S.K. 1997. Classification of Mammals: Above the species level. New York: Columbia University Press, 631 pp. ISBN 978-0-231-11013-6
  • Simmons, N.B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 312–529 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols., 2142 pp. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0
  • Ziegler, R. 2000. The bats (Chiroptera, Mammalia) from the Late Oligocene fissure fillings Herrlingen 8 and Herrlingen 9 near Ulm (Baden-Württemberg). Senckenbergiana Lethaea 80(2):647–683.
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