Gyula, Hungary
Gyula Jula / Giula (in Romanian) Jula (in German) | |||
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Town | |||
Gyula Castle | |||
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Gyula Gyula | |||
Coordinates: 46°39′N 21°17′E / 46.650°N 21.283°ECoordinates: 46°39′N 21°17′E / 46.650°N 21.283°E | |||
Country |
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County | Békés | ||
District | Gyula | ||
Area | |||
• Total | 255.8 km2 (98.8 sq mi) | ||
Population (2017) | |||
• Total | 30,004[1] | ||
Demonym(s) | gyulai | ||
Population by ethnicity[2] | |||
• Hungarians | 83.4% | ||
• Romanians | 3.1% | ||
• Germans | 3.1% | ||
• Gypsies | 0.3% | ||
• Slovaks | 0.3% | ||
• Others | 0.8% | ||
Population by religion[3] | |||
• Roman Catholic | 18.4% | ||
• Greek Catholic | 0.4% | ||
• Calvinists | 17.9% | ||
• Lutherans | 1.6% | ||
• Other | 4.5% | ||
• Non-religious | 28.2% | ||
• Unknown | 29.0% | ||
Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) | ||
• Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) | ||
Postal code | 5700, 5711 | ||
Area code | (+36) 66 | ||
Website |
gyula |
Gyula (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈɟulɒ] (
Geography
Gyula is located in the Great Hungarian Plain up on the River Fehér-Körös, 235 km (146 mi) southeast from Budapest and 5 km (3 mi) from the border with Romania. Békéscsaba-Gyula-Kötegyán railway line and Highway 44 also cross the town. Highway 44 is a four-lane expressway between Gyula and the county seat Békéscsaba.[5]
Name
Gyula is named after the Medieval Hungarian ruler Gyula III.[4] Gyula was also a title among the Hungarian tribes and still a popular given name for boys.
History
The first recorded reference to Gyula was in a document dated 1313 which mentions a monastery called Gyulamonostora (Julamonustra in Latin). By 1332 the settlement around the monastery was being called Gyula / Jula. The construction of Gyula Castle began in the 14th century but finished only in the mid-16th century.[4] It was the property of the Maróthy family and later John Corvinus, the illegitimate son of Matthias Corvinus.[4] Turks conquered Gyula in 1566 and the town remained part of the Ottoman Empire until liberated by Christian troops in 1694.[4] Due to the wars, most of the native Hungarian population fled from Gyula, Békés County became near uninhabited.[6] The landowner János Harruckern invited German, Hungarian, and Romanian settlers, who re-established the town in the early 18th century.[4] Gyula became a popular tourist destination in the 20th century, the thermal bath was established in 1942 and expanded in 1959. The castle was restored in 1962.[4]
Demographics
According to the 2011 census the total population of Gyula was 31,067, of whom there were 25,895 (83.4%) Hungarians, 974 (3.1%) Romanians, 971 (3.1%) Germans and 102 (0.3%) Romani by ethnicity. In Hungary people can declare more than one ethnicity, so some people declared Hungarian and a minority one together.[7][8] Gyula is the center of the small native Romanian community in Hungary.
In 2011 there were 5,726 (18.4%) Roman Catholic, 5,560 (17.9%) Hungarian Reformed (Calvinist), 606 (2.0%) Orthodox and 507 (1.6%) Lutheran in Gyula. 8,304 people (26.7%) were irreligious and 453 (1.5%) Atheist, while 9,012 people (29.0%) did not declare their religion.[7]
Tourist attractions
- Gyula Castle (Gyulai vár)
- Thermal bath (Gyulai gyógyfürdő)
- 100-year-old confectionery (100 éves cukrászda)
- Town hall, 1861 (Városháza)
- Birth house of Ferenc Erkel (Erkel Ferenc szülőháza)
- Saint Michael Cathedral, 1825 (Szent Miklós katedrális)
- Roman Catholic church, 1775-1777 (Római katolikus templom)
- Roman Catholic chapel, 1738-1752, (Római katolikus kápolna)[4][5]
Politics
The current mayor of Gyula is Dr. Ernő István Görgényi (Fidesz-KDNP).
The local Municipal Assembly has 14+1 members divided into this political parties and alliances:[9]
Party | Seats | 2014 Council | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fidesz-KDNP | 10 | ||||||||||||
Gyulai Városbarátok Köre | 2 | ||||||||||||
Movement for a Better Hungary (Jobbik) | 1 | ||||||||||||
Unity (Együtt-PM-MSZP-DK) | 1 |
Notable people
Born in Gyula
- Béla Bánáthy (1919–2003), social scientist and professor
- Zoltán Bay (1900–1992), physicist (born in Gyulavári, now part of Gyula)
- Imre Bródy (1891–1944), physicist[4]
- Albrecht Dürer the Elder (1427–1502), the father of Albrecht Dürer
- Ferenc Erkel (1810–1893), composer
- Imre König (1901–1992), chess player
- László Krasznahorkai (born 1954), novelist and screenwriter
- Mihály Mező (born 1978), singer and musician
- George Pomutz (1818–1882), American diplomat and general
Lived in Gyula
- Béla Bartók (1881-1945), Hungarian composer[4]
Burials in Gyula
- John Corvin (1473-1504), King of Bosnia, illegitimate son of Matthias Corvinus
- Beatrice de Frangepan (1480-1510), wife of John Corvin[4]
Twin Towns - Sister Cities
Gyula is twinned with:
Arad, Romania (1994) Bălţi, Moldova Budrio, Italy (1965) Ditzingen, Germany (1991) Droitwich, United Kingdom (2001) Krumpendorf, Austria (1995) Miercurea-Ciuc, Romania (1993) Schenkenfelden, Austria (1997) Zalău, Romania (1991)
References
- ↑ Gyula, KSH
- ↑ KSH - Gyula, 2011
- ↑ KSH - Gyula, 2011
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Antal Papp: Magyarország (Hungary), Panoráma, Budapest, 1982, ISBN 963 243 241 X, p. 860, pp. 453-456
- 1 2 Magyarország autóatlasz, Dimap-Szarvas, Budapest, 2004, ISBN 963-03-7576-1
- ↑ Károly Kocsis (DSc, University of Miskolc) – Zsolt Bottlik (PhD, Budapest University) – Patrik Tátrai: Etnikai térfolyamatok a Kárpát-medence határon túli régióiban, Magyar Tudományos Akadémia (Hungarian Academy of Sciences) – Földrajtudományi Kutatóintézet (Academy of Geographical Studies); Budapest; 2006.; ISBN 963-9545-10-4, CD Atlas
- 1 2 2011 Hungarian census, Békés county
- ↑ Hungarian census 2011 - final data and methodology
- ↑
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gyula. |
- Official website in Hungarian