Greek to me
That's Greek to me or It's (all) Greek to me is an idiom in English, expressing that something is not understandable.
The idiom is typically used with respect to the foreign nature, complexity or imprecision of verbal or written expression or diagram, often containing excessive use of jargon, dialect, mathematics, science, symbols, or diagrams. The metaphor makes reference to Greek (either ancient or modern), as an archetypal foreign form of communication both written and spoken. Technically, the phrase is classified as a dead metaphor, meaning that its components cannot be used separately, unlike for example the dormant metaphor "foot of the hill", which permits saying "that hill has a tree at its foot".
Origins
It may have been a direct translation of a similar phrase in Latin: "Graecum est; non legitur" ("it is Greek, [therefore] it cannot be read"). This phrase was increasingly used by monk scribes in the Middle Ages, as knowledge of the Greek alphabet and language was dwindling among those who were copying manuscripts in monastic libraries.
Recorded usage of the metaphor in English traces back to the early modern period. It appears in 1599 in Shakespeare's play Julius Caesar, as spoken by Servilius Casca to Cassius after a festival in which Caesar was offered a crown:
CASSIUS: Did Cicero say any thing?
CASCA: Ay, he spoke Greek.
CASSIUS: To what effect?CASCA: Nay, an I tell you that, I'll ne'er look you i' the face again: but those that understood him smiled at one another and shook their heads; but, for mine own part, it was Greek to me. I could tell you more news too: Marullus and Flavius, for pulling scarfs off Caesar's images, are put to silence. Fare you well. There was more foolery yet, if I could remember it.
Here, Casca's literal ignorance of Greek is the source of the phrase, using its common meaning to play on the uncertainty among the conspirators about Cicero's attitude to Caesar's increasingly regal behaviour. Shakespeare was not the only author to use the expression.
It was also used in 1603 by Thomas Dekker in his play Patient Grissel:
FAR: Asking for a Greek poet, to him he fails. I’ll be sworn he knows not so much as one character of the tongue.
RIC: Why, then it’s Greek to him.—
The expression is almost exclusively used with reference to the speaker (generally "Greek to me"); Dekker's "Greek to him" is rare.
Variations
Different languages have similar formulations. Many have picked the point of reference to be a foreign language with another alphabet or writing system.
This is an example of the usage of demonyms in relation to the ability of a people to be understood, comparable to the development of the words barbarian (one who babbles), Nemec (Slavic for "the mute one" indicating Germans).
In other languages
In an article published by Arnold L. Rosenberg in the language journal Lingvisticæ Investigationes, he claimed that there was a popular "consensus" that Chinese was the "hardest" language, since various non-English languages most frequently used the Chinese language in their equivalent expression to the English idiom "it's all Greek to me".[1] Also, David Moser of the University of Michigan Center for Chinese Studies made the same claim as Arnold L. Rosenberg.[2]
Language | Phrase | Pronunciation | Translation | Target language / meaning |
---|---|---|---|---|
English | It's Double Dutch. | Dutch, Tutnese | ||
That's Greek to me. | Greek | |||
Albanian | Mos fol kinezce. | Do not speak Chinese. | Chinese | |
Afrikaans | Dis Grieks vir my. | It's Greek to me. | Greek | |
Arabic | .يتحدث باللغة الصينية | Yataḥaddaṯ bil-luġah al-Ṣīnīyah [jataˈħadːaθ bilˈluɣa(t) asˤːiːˈniːja] | Speaking in Chinese | Chinese |
.يحكي كرشوني | Yaḥkī Karšūnī [jaħkiː karʃuːniː] | Speaking in Syriac | Garshuni | |
بتتكلم بالهندي؟ | Bitatakalm bi al-Hindi? | Are you speaking Hindi? | Hindi | |
Asturian | Suename chinu Ta'n chinu. | It sounds like Chinese to me. This is in Chinese. | Chinese | |
Bulgarian | Все едно ми говориш на патагонски. | Vse edno mi govoriš na patagonski. [fse edˈnɔ mi ɡɔˈvɔriʃ na pata 'gonski] | It's like you're talking in Patagonian. | Patagonian |
Cantonese | 呢啲係雞腸呀。 | [nɛː˥ tiː˥ hɐi˧˥ kɐi˥ t͡sʰœŋ˨˩ a˥][3] | These are chicken intestines. | Latin alphabets or cursive English writings, more commonly used to refer to English nowadays in Hong Kong. |
呢啲係咪鬼畫符呀 ? / 呢啲係唔鬼畫符呀 ? | Is this ghost's script? (Referring to illegible handwriting that looks more like scribbles.) |
Ghost's script | ||
Catalan | Això està en xinès. | [əˈʃɔ sˈta n ʃiˈnɛs] | This is in Chinese. | Chinese |
Cebuano | Nilatin | Latin | Latin, language in rituals by holy men such as Catholic priests, faith healers, and talisman owners. | |
Inintsik | Chinese | Chinese | ||
Chavacano | Aleman ese comigo. | It's German to me | German | |
Croatian | To su za mene španska sela. | [tô su za měne ʃpǎːnska sêla] | These are to me the Spanish countryside. | Spanish |
Czech | To je pro mě španělská vesnice. | [ˈto jɛ ˈpro mɲɛ ˈʃpaɲɛlskaː ˈvɛsɲɪtsɛ] | This is a Spanish village to me. | Spanish |
Danish | Det rene volapyk. | This is pure gibberish. | Volapük | |
Dutch | Dat is Chinees voor mij. | [dɑt ɪs ʃiˈneːs foːr mɛi][4] | That is Chinese to me. | Chinese |
Ik snap er geen jota van. | I don't understand one iota of it. Reference to Matthew 5:18.[5] | Greek | ||
Esperanto | Tio estas Volapukaĵo. | [ˈtio ˈestas ˈvolapuˈkaʒo] | That's a Volapük thing. | Volapük |
Estonian | See on mulle hiina keel. | This is Chinese to me. | Chinese | |
Filipino | Parang Intsik | It looks like Chinese. | Chinese | |
Finnish | Täyttä hepreaa. | [tæytːæ hepreɑː] | It's all Hebrew. | Hebrew |
Kuulostaa siansaksalta | Sounds like gibberish | Alaburnese/German | ||
French | C'est du chinois. | [sɛ dy ʃinwa] | It's Chinese | Chinese |
C'est de l'hébreu. | [sɛ də lebʁø] | It's Hebrew | Hebrew | |
German | Das kommt mir spanisch vor | That sounds like Spanish to me. (usually meant to indicate something is fishy) | Spanish | |
Spreche ich chinesisch? | Am I speaking Chinese? | Chinese | ||
Fachchinesisch | specialty Chinese (meaning technical jargon) | Chinese | ||
Kauderwelsch | "Kauder" = trade, Welsch = any/all of the romance languages. A mix of languages, or "lingua franca" | Romance languages | ||
Böhmische Dörfer | [ˈbøːmɪʃə ˈdœɐ̯fɐ] | Bohemian villages | Not referring to a language, but likening someone's ignorance of a term to ignorance about obscure villages in Bohemia (considered an out-of-the-way place). | |
Ich verstehe nur Bahnhof. | "I understand only 'train station.'" | Idiomatic | ||
Polnisch rückwärts | Polish reversed | Polish | ||
Greek, Standard Modern | Αυτά μου φαίνονται κινέζικα. | [afˈta mu ˈfeno(n)de ciˈnezika] | This strikes me as Chinese | Chinese |
Αυτά μου φαίνονται αλαμπουρνέζικα. | [afˈta mu ˈfeno(n)de ala(m)burˈnezika] | These seem to me gobbledygook. | Alaburnese (similar to Gibberish) | |
Greek, Cypriot | Εν τούρτζικα που μιλάς; | [e‿ˈnduɾ̥t͡ʃi̞kɐ p̬u mi↗ˈlɐs] | Are you speaking Turkish? | Turkish |
Hebrew | זה סינית בשבילי | Zeh Sinit bishvili. [ze sinit biʃvili] | It's Chinese to me! | Chinese |
Hungarian | Ez nekem kínai. | [ˈɛz ˈnɛkɛm ˈkiːnɒi] | It's Chinese to me. | Chinese |
Icelandic | Hrognamál | [ˈr̥ɔknaˌmauːl] | Fish-egg language | |
þetta er hebreska fyrir mér | "This is Hebrew to me" | Hebrew | ||
Indonesian | (Tulisan) Cakar ayam (refers to unreadable writing) | Chicken feet | ||
Bahasa planet | (Other)-planet language | Alien language | ||
Italian | Questo per me è arabo/aramaico/ostrogoto[6] | [ˈkwesto per ˈme ˌɛ ˈaːrabo], [araˈmaiko], [ostroˈɡɔːto] | To me this is Arabic/Aramaic/Ostrogoth | Arabic, Aramaic, Ostrogoth |
Japanese | ちんぷんかんぷん | chin pun kan pun [tɕimpɯŋkampɯɴ] | "Ching chong" | Formal speech (referring to the "Chinese" sound of incomprehensible Chinese loanwords used by the scholarly élite) |
Javanese | Cakar pitik (refers to unreadable writing) | Chicken feet | ||
Basa londo | Dutch language | Dutch | ||
Latin | Graecum est; nōn legitur | [ˈɡrae̯kũst noːn ˈleɡitur] | This is Greek; it can't be read | Greek |
Latvian | Tā man ir ķīniešu ābece | [taː man ir ciːnieʃu aːbetse] | This is Chinese alphabet book to me | Chinese |
Lithuanian | Tai man kaip kinų kalba. | [taɪ mɐn kaɪp kinuˑ kɐlba] | Its Chinese to me | Chinese |
Macedonian | За мене тоа е шпанско село | Za mene toa e špansko selo [za mɛnɛ tɔa ɛ ʃpaŋskɔ sɛlɔ] | It is for me a Spanish village. | Spanish |
Mandarin | 火星文 | Huǒxīng wén | Martian language | Usually refers to comically unconventional writing, but also often used in the same context of unintelligible words or text. |
看起來像天書。/看起来像天书。 | [kʰan˥˩ tɕʰi˨˩ lai̯˧˥ ɕjɑŋ˥˩ tʰjɛn˥ ʂu˥] | Looks like hieroglyphics | "Book from Heaven" (Referring to an unknown writing system, or god's language, c.f. A Book from the Sky) | |
這是鬼畫符嗎?/这是鬼画符吗? | Zhè shì guǐhuàfú ma? | Is this written in ghost's script? (Referring to very poor, incomprehensible handwriting.) | Ghost's script | |
聽起來像鳥語。/ 听起来像鸟语。 | [tʰiŋ˥ tɕʰi˨˩ lai̯˧˥ ɕjɑŋ˥˩ njɑʊ̯˧˥ y˩˧] | Sounds like the birds (Unknown phonology system.) | "Sounds/tongue of the Birds" | |
Low Saxon | Dat kümmt mi spaansch vör. | [dat kymt miː spoːnʃ føɐ] | That seems like Spanish to me. | Spanish |
Norwegian | Det er helt gresk for meg. | It's complete Greek to me | Greek | |
Persian | انگار ژاپنی حرف می زنه | [Engɒːr ʒɒːponiː hærf miːzæne] | It's as if he/she's speaking Japanese | Japanese |
مگه ترکی حرف میزنم؟ | [mæge torkiː hærf miːzænæm] | Am I speaking turkish | Turkish | |
Polish | To dla mnie chińszczyzna. | [tɔ dla mɲe xʲiɲˈʂtʂɨzna] | To me it's Chinese | Chinese |
Portuguese | Isto para mim é chinês. | [ˈiʃtu pəɾə ˈmĩ ɛ ʃiˈneʃ] | This is Chinese to me | Chinese (Portugal) |
Isto para mim é grego. | [ˈiʃtu pəɾə ˈmĩ ɛ ˈɣɾeɣu] | This is Greek to me | Greek (Portugal) | |
Não entendo grego/hebraico/aramaico. | [nɜ̃w ĩˈtẽdu ˈɡɾeɣu], [ĩˈtẽd eˈbɾajku], [ĩˈtẽd(w) ɜɾəˈmajku] | I don't understand Greek/Hebrew/Aramaic | Greek, Hebrew, Aramaic (Brazil) | |
Não falo grego/hebraico/aramaico. | [nɜ̃w ˈfalu ˈɡɾeɣu], [ˈfal eˈbɾajku], ˈ[fal(w) ɜɾəˈmajku] | I don't speak Greek/Hebrew/Aramaic | Greek, Hebrew, Aramaic (Brazil) | |
Você está falando grego/latim/árabe. Você fala em... (ditto) | [ˈse ˈta fɜˈlɜ̃du ˈɡɾeɣu], [lɐˈtʃĩ], [ˈaɾəβi] [voˈse ˈfalə̯ ĩ ˈɡɾeɣu (...)] | You are speaking Greek/Latin/Arabic. | Greek, Latin, Arabic (Brazil) | |
Você está falando grego/latim/árabe? | [ˈse ˈta fɜˈlɜ̃du ˈɡɾeɣu (...)] | Are you speaking Greek/Latin/Arabic? | Greek, Latin, Arabic (Brazil) | |
Não leio japonês. Não sei ler japonês/árabe. | [nɜ̃w ˈlej.ju ʒɜpuˈneʃ] [nɜ̃w ˈsej ˈleʁ ʒɐpoˈnes], [le ˈɾaɾəβi] | I can't read Japanese/Arabic | Japanese, Arabic (Brazil) | |
Romanian | Parcă e chineză. | [ˈparkə je kiˈnezə] | It's like Chinese. | Chinese |
Russian | Это для меня китайская грамота. | Eto dlja menjá kitájskaja grámota. [ˈɛtə ˈdʲlʲæ mʲɪˈnʲæ kʲɪˈtajskəjə ˈɡramətə] | That's Chinese writing to me. | Chinese, but emphasis is put on reading rather than speaking; typically the phrase is applied to branches of knowledge like Chemistry, Maths, computer experience, etc. |
Serbian | То су за мене шпанска села. To su za mene španska sela. | [to su za mene ʃpanska sela] | These are to me a Spanish village. | Spanish |
К'о да кинески причаш. K'o da kineski pričaš. | Like speaking in Chinese | Chinese | ||
Slovak | To je pre mňa španielska dedina. | [to je pre mɲa ʃpaɲielska ɟeɟina] | That is a Spanish village to me. | Spanish |
Slovene | To mi je španska vas | [ˈtóː mi jɛ ˈʃpáːnska ˈʋáːs] | That is a Spanish village to me. | Spanish |
Spanish | Está en chino/arameo. Me suena a chino/arameo. | [esˈta en ˈtʃino], [aɾaˈmeo] [me ˈswenaː ˈtʃino], [aɾaˈmeo] | This is in Chinese/Aramaic. It sounds like Chinese/Aramaic to me. | Chinese, Aramaic |
No entiendo ni jota | [no enˈtjendo ni ˈxota] | I don't understand one iota of it. Reference to Matthew 5:18.[7] | Greek | |
Swedish | Det är rena grekiskan. | [deː æ reːna ɡreːkɪskan] | It's all Greek | Greek |
Turkish | Konuya Fransız kaldım.[8] | [konuja fɾansɯz kaɫˈdɯm] | I am French to the topic. | Turkish, as from the viewpoint of a French person who doesn't understand any Turkish. |
Anladıysam Arap olayım.[9] | If I could understand, I'd be an Arab. | Arabic | ||
Ukrainian | Це для мене китайська грамота. | Tse dlja mene kitajs'ka gramota. [tsɛ dlʲɑ ˈmɛne kɪˈtɑjsʲkɑ ˈɦrɑmotɑ] | That's Chinese writing to me. | Chinese |
Venetian | Par mi xe turco. | [par miː ze ˈtyɾko] | To me this is Turkish. | Turkish |
Vietnamese | Tiếng Miên. | Khmer | Cambodian | |
Yiddish | ס'איז תּרגום־לשון/טערקיש/אָץ־קוצץ־לשון/מלאָכים־לשון/חרטמים־לשון | S'iz targem-loshn/terkish/ots-koytsets-loshn/malokhim-loshn/khartumim-loshn. [sɪz tarɡemloʃn̩] | It is the language of Targum (Aramaic translations of the Bible)/Turkish/gibberish/the language of the angels/the language of Pharaoh's magicians (i.e. hieroglyphics). | Aramaic / Turkish / Hieroglyphics |
See also
- Greeking
- Writing system
- Gringo, a word possibly derived from the notion of Greek being unintelligible
References
- ↑ Rosenberg, A. (1979). Lingvisticæ Investigationes:III 3(2). 323-339
- ↑ Moser, D. Pīnyīn.Info. Why Chinese Is So Damn Hard. Retrieved Jun 4, 2011, http://www.pinyin.info/readings/texts/moser.html
- ↑ 鸡肠噉/唔知噏乜———it’s Greek to me Archived 2014-09-23 at Archive.is (in Cantonese)
- ↑ In isolation, voor is pronounced [voːr].
- ↑ https://onzetaal.nl/taaladvies/advies/ergens-geen-jota-van-snappen
- ↑ Modi di dire (in Italian)
- ↑ Morcillo, José Juan. "Biblismos". La Tribuna de Albacete.
- ↑ http://tdk.gov.tr/TR/sozbul.ASPX?F6E10F8892433CFFAAF6AA849816B2EF05A79F75456518CA&Kelime=Frans%C4%B1z%20kalmak. Retrieved 2012-01-19. Missing or empty
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(help) (in Turkish) - ↑ http://hurarsiv.hurriyet.com.tr/goster/haber.aspx?id=7619601&yazarid=82
External links
Look up it's all Greek to me in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |