Vertebrate paleofauna
All remains have been found at a single locality, which is a thin marl seam in the Konstantin mining tunnel, within the Felbering Mine in the Neue Welt area north west of Muthmannsdorf in Lower Austria.[3] The initial remains were discovered in 1859 after an Ornithopod tooth was found in a piece of coal in a dump outside the mine by Professor F. Stolizcka, and the productive seam discovered thereafter. The first material was described by Emanuel Bunzel in 1871[4] and then additional material was described by Harry Seeley in 1881.[5] Due to mining activity in the area ceasing at the end of the 19th century, no additional remains have been recovered since.
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Color key
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Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited. |
Squamates
Squamates of the Grünbach Formation |
Genus |
Species |
Location |
Stratigraphic position |
Abundance |
Notes |
Images |
Araeosaurus |
A. gracilis |
Muthmannsdorf |
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Vertebra[5] |
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Crocodyliformes of the Grünbach Formation |
Genus |
Species |
Location |
Stratigraphic position |
Abundance |
Notes |
Images |
Doratodon |
D. carcharidens |
Muthmannsdorf |
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"incomplete mandible, a fragmentary right maxilla, a parietal fragment, and isolated teeth"[6] |
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Eusuchia |
Indeterminate |
Muthmannsdorf |
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"mandible fragment and some postcranial material" |
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Choristoderes
Choristoderes of the Grünbach Formation |
Genus |
Species |
Location |
Stratigraphic position |
Abundance |
Notes |
Images |
Choristodera |
Indeterminate |
Muthmannsdorf |
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"Two platycoelous vertebral centra"[7] |
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Turtles
Turtles of the Grünbach Formation |
Genus |
Species |
Location |
Stratigraphic position |
Abundance |
Notes |
Images |
Dortokidae[8] |
Indeterminate |
Muthmannsdorf |
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Shell fragments |
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cf. Kallokibotioninae |
Indeterminate |
Muthmannsdorf |
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Shell fragments |
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Pterosaurs
Pterosaurs of the Grünbach Formation |
Genus |
Species |
Location |
Stratigraphic position |
Abundance |
Notes |
Images |
"Ornithocheirus" |
"O". buenzeli |
Muthmannsdorf |
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Remains found not diagnostic, remains referred to Azdarchidae and Pterodactyloidea indet. |
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Azdarchidae |
Indeterminate |
Muthmannsdorf |
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"Proximal portion of a humerus"[9] |
Previously referred to "O". buenzeli |
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Pterodactyloidea |
Indeterminate |
Muthmannsdorf |
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"Articular region of a lower jaw, crushed phalangeal fragments" |
Previously referred to "O". buenzeli |
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Non-Avian Dinosaurs
Dinosaurs of the Grünbach Formation |
Genus |
Species |
Location |
Stratigraphic position |
Abundance |
Notes |
Images |
Mochlodon |
M. suessi |
Muthmannsdorf |
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Cranial and postcranial elements |
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Struthiosaurus |
S. austriacus |
Muthmannsdorf |
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Cranial and postcranial elements |
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Tetanurae |
Indeterminate |
Muthmannsdorf |
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"Two fragmentary teeth" |
Referred to by the dubious name ‘Megalosaurus pannoniensis’[5] Nearly identical to teeth known from the Csehbánya Formation[10] |
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Flora
Most of these specimens were recovered from mining dumps near Grünbach am Schneeberg in lower Austria. The flora of the formation is considered to represent that of a high humidity subtropical climate, typical of the Euro-Sinian phytogeograpic region[11][12][13]
A single specimen of the Horsetail Equisetites is known
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Color key
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Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited. |
Bryophytes
Bryophytes of the Grünbach Formation |
Genus |
Species |
Location |
Stratigraphic Position |
Material |
Notes |
Images |
Stereisporites |
Indeterminate |
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Spore, representative of Sphagnaceae |
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Lycopodiophyta
Lycopodiophytes of the Grünbach Formation |
Genus |
Species |
Location |
Stratigraphic Position |
Material |
Notes |
Images |
Camarozonosporites |
Indeterminate |
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Spore, representative of Lycopodiaceae |
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Retitriletes |
Indeterminate |
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Spore, representative of Lycopodium |
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Pteridophytes
Pteridophytes of the Grünbach Formation |
Genus |
Species |
Location |
Stratigraphic Position |
Material |
Notes |
Images |
Appendicisporites |
A. tricuspidatus |
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Spore, probable affinities with Schizaeaceae |
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Cicatricosisporites |
Indeterminate |
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Spore, probable affinities with Schizaeaceae |
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Cingulatisporites |
Indeterminate |
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Spore, affinities with Anemia |
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Cladophlebis |
C. gosauensis |
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Coniopteris |
? |
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Cyathidites |
Indeterminate |
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Spore |
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Echinatisporites |
Indeterminate |
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Spore |
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Gosauopteris |
G. danaeoides |
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Probable affinities with Marattiaceae |
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Gleicheniidites |
G. senonicus |
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Spore |
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Leiotriletes |
Indeterminate |
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Spore, representative of Lygodium |
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Marsileaceaephyllum |
M. campanica |
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Marsileaceae, very similar to extant Marsilea |
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Matonisporites |
Indeterminate |
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Spore, Found in situ with Monheimia |
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Microphyllopteris |
M. austriaca |
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Microtaenia |
M. austriaca |
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Monheimia |
M. ungerii |
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affinities with Matoniaceae, particularly Phanerosorus |
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Polypodiaceoisporites |
Indeterminate |
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Spore |
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Raphaelia |
R. lobifolia |
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Sphenopteris |
S. gruenbachiana, S. ungeri |
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Probable affinities with Schizaeaceae |
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Gymnosperms
Gymnosperms of the Grünbach Formation |
Genus |
Species |
Location |
Stratigraphic Position |
Material |
Notes |
Images |
Geinitzia |
G. formosa, G. reichenbachii |
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Pinopsida, Taxodioid affinity |
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cf. Lindleycladus |
L. lanceolatus |
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Nilsonia |
N. cf. holyi |
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Bennettitales |
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Pagiophyllum |
Indeterminate |
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Pityosporites |
Indeterminate |
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Pollen |
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Podozamites |
Indeterminate |
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Taxiodiaceaepollenites |
Indeterminate |
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Pollen, at least 2 taxa |
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Angiosperms
Monocots
Monocots of the Grünbach Formation |
Genus |
Species |
Location |
Stratigraphic Position |
Material |
Notes |
Images |
Arecipites |
Indeterminate |
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Pollen, representative of Palmae |
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Lysichiton |
L. austriacus |
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Araceae, genus extant |
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Gruenbachia |
G. pandanoides |
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Pandanaceae, reproductive organs of Pandanites |
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Pandanites |
P. trinervis |
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Pandanaceae |
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Sabalites |
S. longirhachis |
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Palm |
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Spinizonocolpites |
Indeterminate |
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Pollen, representative of extant Nypa palm |
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Theiaiphyllum |
T. kollmannii |
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Dicots
Dicots of the Grünbach Formation |
Genus |
Species |
Location |
Stratigraphic Position |
Material |
Notes |
Images |
Brasenites |
B. krasserii |
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affinity with Brasenia |
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Celastrophyllum |
Indeterminate, C. johannae |
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Hamamelidae |
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Ceratoxylon |
Indeterminate |
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Reproductive structure |
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Clavatipollenites |
Indeterminate |
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Pollen, representative of Chloranthaceae |
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Complexiopollis |
Indeterminate |
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Pollen, affinities with Myricaceae |
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Compositiphyllum |
C. serratum |
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Debeya |
D. insignis |
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Dicotylophyllum |
Indeterminate |
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Ettingshausenia |
E. gruenbachiana, E. cf. laevis, Indeterminate |
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Platanaceae |
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Extremipollis |
Indeterminate |
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Pollen |
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Grebenkia |
G. europeica |
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cf. Grevilleophyllum |
G. constans |
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Hungaropollis |
Indeterminate |
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Pollen |
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Juglandiphyllites |
J. pelagicus |
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possible affinity with Juglandaceae |
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Krutzschipollites |
Indeterminate |
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Pollen |
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Laudaypollis |
Indeterminate |
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Pollen |
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Leguminosites |
L. mucronata |
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Longanulipollis |
Indeterminate |
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Pollen |
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Menispermites |
M. ettingshausenii, M. summesbergerii |
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Momipetes |
Indeterminate |
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Pollen, similar to extant Engelhardtia |
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Myricophyllum |
M. cf. zenkeri, M. serratum |
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Affinities with Myrica |
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Myrtacaedites |
Indeterminate |
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Pollen, Representative of Myrtaceae |
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Normapolles |
Indeterminate |
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Pollen, very abundant. possibly associated with Juglandaceae |
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Oculipollis |
O. sp, O. parvoculus O.zaklinskaiaiae |
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Pollen |
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cf. Pandemophyllum |
Indeterminate, P. cf. proteoides |
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Pseudoplicapollis |
Indeterminate |
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Pollen |
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Quereuxia |
Q. angulata |
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Possible affinity with Trapa |
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Rogersia |
Indeterminate |
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Semioculipollis |
Indeterminate |
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Pollen |
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Suemegipollis |
Indeterminate |
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Pollen |
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Ternstroemites |
T. (?) neueweltensis |
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Tricolpopollenites |
Indeterminate |
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Pollen, At least 8 distinct taxa |
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Viburniphyllum |
V. ermannii, V. austriacum |
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References
- ↑ Draganits, Erich; Wagreich, Michael; Hofer, Gerald; Hofmann, Christa-Charlotte; Reischenbacher, Doris; Grundtner, Marie-Louise; Neuhuber, Stephanie; Bottig, Magda (2011). "Stratigraphy and geochemical characterisation of Upper Cretaceous non-marine - marine cycles (Grünbach Formation, Gosau Group, Austria". Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences. 104 (2): 90–107.
- ↑ Grundtner, Marie-Louise (2011). "Sedimentologie und Sedimentpetrographie der Gosau-Gruppe bei Dreistetten-Muthmannsdorf (Niederösterreichische Kalkalpen) (Masters thesis)". University of Vienna: 21–35, 51–57, 71.
- ↑ Sachs, Sven; Hornung, Jahn J. (2006-05). "Juvenile ornithopod (Dinosauria: Rhabdodontidae) remains from the Upper Cretaceous (Lower Campanian, Gosau Group) of Muthmannsdorf (Lower Austria)". Geobios. 39 (3): 415–425. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2005.01.003. ISSN 0016-6995.
- ↑ Bunzel, Emanuel (1871). "Die Reptilfauna der Gosau-Formation in der Neuen Welt bei Wiener-Neustadt". Abhandlungen der kaiserlich-königlichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt. 5: 1–18.
- 1 2 3 Seeley, H. G. (1881-02-01). "The Reptile Fauna of the Gosau Formation preserved in the Geological Museum of the University of Vienna: With a Note on the Geological Horizon of the Fossils at Neue Welt, west of Wiener Neustadt, by Edw. Suess, Ph.D., F.M.G.S., &c., Professor of Geology in the University of Vienna, &c". Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society. 37 (1–4): 620–706. doi:10.1144/GSL.JGS.1881.037.01-04.49. ISSN 0370-291X.
- ↑ Buffetaut, Eric (1979). "Revision der Crocodylia (Reptilia) aus den Gosau-Schichten (Ober-Kreide) von Österreich". Beiträge zur Paläontologie von Österreich. 6: 89–105.
- ↑ Buffetaut, Eric (1989). "Erster nachweis von Choristodera (Reptilia, Diapsida) in der Oberkreide Europas: Champsosaurierwirbel aus den Gosau-Schichten (Campan) Niederösterreichs". Sitzungsberichten der Österreichs Akademis der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse, Abteilung. 197: 389–394.
- ↑ Rabi, Márton; Vremir, Mátyás; Tong, Haiyan (2012-09-01), "Preliminary Overview of Late Cretaceous Turtle Diversity in Eastern Central Europe (Austria, Hungary, and Romania)", Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology, Springer Netherlands, pp. 307–336, doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4309-0_19, ISBN 9789400743083, retrieved 2018-07-01
- ↑ Buffetaut, Eric; Ősi, Attila; Prondvai, Edina (2011/03). "The pterosaurian remains from the Grünbach Formation (Campanian, Gosau Group) of Austria: a reappraisal of 'Ornithocheirus buenzeli'". Geological Magazine. 148 (2): 334–339. doi:10.1017/S0016756810000981. ISSN 1469-5081.
- ↑ Csiki-Sava, Zoltan; Buffetaut, Eric; Ősi, Attila; Pereda-Suberbiola, Xabier; Brusatte, Stephen L. (2015-01-08). "Island life in the Cretaceous - faunal composition, biogeography, evolution, and extinction of land-living vertebrates on the Late Cretaceous European archipelago". ZooKeys. 469: 1–161. doi:10.3897/zookeys.469.8439. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 4296572. PMID 25610343.
- ↑ Herman, Alexei B.; KVAČEK, JIŘÍ (2007). "Early Campanian Grünbach flora of Austria: systematic composition and palaeoclimatic interpretations". Acta Palaeobotanica. 47 (1): 37–55.
- ↑ KVACEK, JIRÍ; HERMAN, ALEXEI (2004). "The Campanian Grünbach Flora of Lower Austria: palaeoecological interpretations". Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. 106 A.
- ↑ B., Herman, Alexei (2010). Late Cretaceous Grünbach Flora of Austria. Kvaček, Jiří. Wien: Naturhistorisches Museum. ISBN 9783902421432. OCLC 517260675.