Csehbánya Formation

Csehbánya Formation
Stratigraphic range: Late Santonian 85–84 Ma
↓
Type Geological formation
Underlies Jákó Marl Formation. Localized Unconformity with Eocene Iharkút Conglomerate Formation present in some areas
Overlies Unconformity with Upper Triassic Main Dolomite Formation and Upper Cretaceous Nagytárkány Bauxite Formation
Area Transdanubian Mountains
Thickness Varies, but up to 100–150 m (330–490 ft)
Lithology
Primary Siltstone Sandstone Conglomerate
Other Clay
Location
Coordinates 47°14′N 17°38′E / 47.24°N 17.64°E / 47.24; 17.64
Region Europe
Country  Hungary
Type section
Named for Csehbánya, Hungary
Stratigraphy of the Iharkút locality

The Csehbánya Formation is a geological formation in the Transdanubian Mountains of Veszprém County, Hungary. The formation dates to the Late Santonian (around 85 million years ago) of the Late Cretaceous. It represents a floodplain environment as opposed to the swampy lacustrine environment of the simultaneous Ajka Coal Formation, though there is complete overlap in terms of fauna. It underlies the Jákó Marl formation, and laterally transitions to the Ajka Coal Formation.[1]

Geology

The lithology of the unit is a cyclic variation of conglomerate, sandstone, variegated siltstone, clay and marl layers with some sporadic thin coal seams.[2] It it uncomfortably overlies the Late Triassic Main Dolomite Formation, which has deposits of the Upper Cretaceous Nagytárkány Bauxite Formation within deep karstic sinkholes in the formation. There is a basal conglomerate of dolomite clasts at the base of the Csehbánya formation. The main exposed portion of the formation is called the Iharkút locality, which is a disused bauxite quarry. At this location due to Paleogene uplift, it is uncomfortably overlain by the Lutetian Ikharkút Conglomerate. In the upper levels of the formation, there are sandstone lens beds present, which represent channel bodies. These are indicative of an anastomosing fluvial system. The exposure at this locality is between 100–150 m. Most of the fossils are found within the SZ-6 site at the locality, which is interpreted as a lag channel deposit

Invertebrate paleofauna

Amber is known from both the Ajka Coal and Csehbánya formations, and is commonly referred to as ajkait. However most of the arthropod inclusions in these are undescribed, only being shown in photographs,[3] With only two species of Ceratopogonids (biting midges) in the extant genus Leptoconops and the extinct genus Adelohelea being described.[4] A list of known taxa is given below.

Invertebrates of the Csehbánya Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Abundance Notes Images
Adelohelea A. magyarica Biting midge
Leptoconops L. clava Biting midge, genus currently extant
Coleoptera Indeterminate See figure 3 on website
Diptera Indeterminate See figure 4 on website
Hymenoptera Indeterminate See figure 6 on website
Nematocera Indeterminate See figure 7 on website

Vertebrate paleofauna

Various fossils from the Csehbánya Formation

Fishes, amphibians, turtles, squamates, crocodilians, dinosaurs,[5] birds and pterosaurs present in Veszprém, Hungary, near the village of Németbánya in the Iharkút locality, an open-pit bauxite mine.[6][7] Other finds include Abelisauridae indet.,[8] Rhabdodontidae indet.,[7] Tetanurae indet.[8] Coprolites[9] and eggshells[10] are also known from the locality.

Fish

Fish of the Csehbánya Formation[11]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Abundance Notes Images
Atractosteus Indeterminate Iharkút locality, Hungary. "Jaw fragments, teeth, scales, vertebrae" Gar, genus extant
Coelodus Indeterminate Possible dentary/premaxilla, vomers, prearticulars, teeth and possible scales[12] Pycnodontiform
Vidalamiinae Indeterminate "Two vertebrae"
Amiidae Indeterminate A left anterior ceratohyal and a vertebra
Elopiformes Indeterminate 13 vertebrae
Ellimmichthyiformes Indeterminate At least two distinct taxa represented by four and one vertebrae Clupeimorph
cf. Salmoniformes Indeterminate two vertebrae
Acanthomorpha Indeterminate Three vertebrae and 18 fin spines
Teleostei Indeterminate Teeth, vertebrae and cycloid scales
Actinopterygii Indeterminate 9 distinct teeth morphotypes and some teeth bearing elements

Amphibians

Amphibians of the Csehbánya Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Abundance Notes Images
Albanerpeton[13] Indeterminate Iharkút locality, Hungary. Skull and jaw elements Albanerpetonid
Bakonybatrachus[14] B. fedori Iharkút locality, Hungary. Pelvic elements Discoglossid frog

Hungarobatrachus[15]

H. szukacsi

Iharkút locality, Hungary.

 Pelvic elements

Advanced frog.
Palaeobatrachidae Indeterminate Iharkút locality, Hungary. Postcranial remains
Pelobatidae Indeterminate Iharkút locality, Hungary. Postcranial remains

Squamates

Squamates of the Csehbánya Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Abundance Notes Images
Bicuspidon B. aff. hatzegiensis[16] Fragmentary mandibles, maxillae Polyglyphanodontid
Chromatogenys[17] C. tiliquoides Partial right mandible Scincomorph
Distortodon[18] D. rhomboideus Dentaries, maxilla Polyglyphanodontid
Pannoniasaurus[19] P. inexpectatus Partial skeleton Mosasaur, also known from Ajka Coal Formation[1]
Pelsochamops[20] P. infrequens Fragmentary dentary, dentary fragments Chamopsiid
Scincomorpha[21] Indeterminate Fragmentary dentaries At least 3 distinct taxa, 4 mentioned in paper, but unsure if this counts Chromatogenys

Crocodyliformes

Crocodyliformes of the Csehbánya Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Abundance Notes Images
Iharkutosuchus[22] I. makadii "Complete and partial skulls, mandibles, various cranial elements, teeth" Hylaeochampsid
Doratodon[23] D. carcharidens "Teeth, Jaw fragment"
?Theriosuchus Indeterminate "Teeth, cranial elements"
?Allodaposuchus Indeterminate "Teeth, jaw fragments, cranial elements"

Turtles

Turtles of the Csehbánya Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Abundance Notes Images
Foxemys F. trabanti "Complete and partial skulls, mandibles, vertebrae, pectoral and pelvic girdle elements, limb bones, plastron and carapax fragments"
Kallokibotion Indeterminate Shell fragments
Dortokidae Indeterminate Shell fragments

Pterosaurs

Pterosaurs of the Csehbánya Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Abundance Notes Images

Bakonydraco [24]

B. Galaczi

Geographically present in Veszprém, Hungary.

 "Premaxilla, complete mandible, 56 mandibular symphyses" Tapejarid
Azdarchidae Indeterminate "Cervical vertebrae, pelvic girdle elements, limb bones"
Pterodactyloidea Indeterminate "3 mandibular symphyses"

Non-Avian Dinosaurs

Dinosaurs of the Csehbánya Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Abundance Notes Images

Ajkaceratops[25]

A. kozmai[25]

 Fused premaxillae and rostral bones, with fragments of the maxillae, four predentaries.[25] Referred teeth.[26] Bagaceratopsid Ceratopsian
Ajkaceratops
Rhabdodon

Hungarosaurus[27]

H. tormai

Geographically present in Veszprém, Hungary.

 Several partial skeletons Struthiosaurine Nodosaur

Pneumatoraptor[8]

P. fodori

Geographically present in Veszprém, Hungary.

 Single left scapulocoracoid Paravian

Mochlodon

M. vorosi[28]

 Partial skull and postcrania Rhabdodontid
Struthiosaurus Indeterminate Humerus[29] and partial hip, and pelvic armor elements.[30] Struthiosaurine

Nodosaur

Paraves Indeterminate "Teeth, caudals, limb bones"
Abelisauridae Indeterminate Femur[31] and pedal ungual phalanx[8]
Tetanurae Indeterminate More than 50 teeth[8]
Sauropoda[32] Indeterminate Single tooth

Aves

Aves of the Csehbánya Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Abundance Notes Images

Bauxitornis[33]

B. mindszentyae

 Single left metatarsus

An avisaurid enantiornithine.
Enantornithine Indeterminate Limb bones

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Ősi, Attila; Bodor, Emese Réka; Makádi, László; Rabi, Márton (2016). "Vertebrate remains from the Upper Cretaceous (Santonian) Ajka Coal Formation, western Hungary". Cretaceous Research. 57: 228–238. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2015.04.014. ISSN 0195-6671.
  2. ↑ Botfalvai, Gábor; Haas, János; Bodor, Emese Réka; Mindszenty, Andrea; Ősi, Attila (2016). "Facies architecture and palaeoenvironmental implications of the upper Cretaceous (Santonian) Csehbánya formation at the Iharkút vertebrate locality (Bakony Mountains, Northwestern Hungary)". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 441: 659–678. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.10.018. ISSN 0031-0182.
  3. ↑ "Research of Cretaceous ambers and their inclusions: Cretaceous ambers from Hungary". Magyar Dinoszaurusz. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
  4. ↑ Borkent, Art (1997). "Upper and Lower Cretaceous biting midges (Ceratopogonidae: Diptera) from Hungarian and Austrian amber and the Koonwarra Fossil Bed of Australia". Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde (B) Geologie und Paläontologie. 249: 1–10.
  5. ↑ Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Late Cretaceous, Europe)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 588-593. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.
  6. ↑ Makádi, L., Botfalvai, G., Ősi, A. 2006: Egy késő-kréta kontinentális gerinces fauna a Bakonyból: halak, kétéltűek, teknősök, gyíkok. Földtani Közlöny 136/4, pp. 487-502.
  7. 1 2 Ősi, A. & Rabi, M., 2006. Egy késő-kréta kontinentális gerinces fauna a Bakonyból II.: krokodilok, dinoszauruszok, pteroszauruszok és madarak (The Late Cretaceous continental vertebrate fauna from the Bakony Mountains II: crocodiles, dinosaurs (Theropoda, Aves, Ornithischia), pterosaurs). Földtani Közlöny, 136, 4, 503–526.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 Ősi, A., Apesteguía, S.M and Kowalewski, M. (In press). "Non-avian theropod dinosaurs from the early Late Cretaceous of Central Europe." Cretaceous Research, doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2010.01.001
  9. ↑ Segesdi, Martin; Botfalvai, Gábor; Bodor, Emese Réka; Ősi, Attila; Buczkó, Krisztina; Dallos, Zsolt; Tokai, Richárd; Földes, Tamás (2017-06). "First report on vertebrate coprolites from the Upper Cretaceous (Santonian) Csehbánya Formation of Iharkút, Hungary". Cretaceous Research. 74: 87–99. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2017.02.010. ISSN 0195-6671. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  10. ↑ Prondvai, Edina; Botfalvai, Gábor; Stein, Koen; Szentesi, Zoltán; Ősi, Attila (2017-03). "Collection of the thinnest: A unique eggshell assemblage from the Late Cretaceous vertebrate locality of Iharkút (Hungary)". Central European Geology. 60 (1): 73–133. doi:10.1556/24.60.2017.004. ISSN 1788-2281. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  11. ↑ Szabó, Márton; Ősi, Attila (2017-09). "The continental fish fauna of the Late Cretaceous (Santonian) Iharkút locality (Bakony Mountains, Hungary)". Central European Geology. 60 (2): 230–287. doi:10.1556/24.60.2017.009. ISSN 1788-2281. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  12. ↑ Szabó, Márton; Gulyás, Péter; Ősi, Attila (2016-04). "Late Cretaceous (Santonian) pycnodontid (Actinopterygii, Pycnodontidae) remains from the freshwater deposits of the Csehbánya Formation, (Iharkút, Bakony Mountains, Hungary)". Annales de Paléontologie. 102 (2): 123–134. doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2016.04.001. ISSN 0753-3969. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  13. ↑ Szentesi, Zoltán; Gardner, James D.; Venczel, Márton (2013-03). "Albanerpetontid amphibians from the Late Cretaceous (Santonian) of Iharkút, Hungary, with remarks on regional differences in Late Cretaceous Laurasian amphibian assemblages". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 50 (3): 268–281. Bibcode:2013CaJES..50..268S. doi:10.1139/e2012-024. ISSN 0008-4077. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  14. ↑ Szentesi, Zoltán; Venczel, Márton (2012-04). "A new discoglossid frog from the Upper Cretaceous (Santonian) of Hungary". Cretaceous Research. 34: 327–333. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2011.11.012. ISSN 0195-6671. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  15. ↑ Zoltán Szentesi and Márton Venczel (2010). "An advanced anuran from the Late Cretaceous (Santonian) of Hungary" (PDF). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 256 (3): 291–302. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2010/0054.
  16. ↑ Makádi, László (2006-12). "Bicuspidon aff. hatzegiensis (Squamata: Scincomorpha: Teiidae) from the Upper Cretaceous Csehbánya Formation (Hungary, Bakony Mts)". Acta Geologica Hungarica. 49 (4): 373–385. doi:10.1556/ageol.49.2006.4.5. ISSN 0236-5278. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  17. ↑ Makádi, László; Nydam, Randall L. (2014-12-23). "A new durophagous scincomorphan lizard genus from the Late Cretaceous Iharkút locality (Hungary, Bakony Mts)". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 89 (4): 925–941. doi:10.1007/s12542-014-0253-1. ISSN 0031-0220.
  18. ↑ Makádi, László (2013-11). "A new polyglyphanodontine lizard (Squamata: Borioteiioidea) from the Late Cretaceous Iharkút locality (Santonian, Hungary)". Cretaceous Research. 46: 166–176. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2013.08.001. ISSN 0195-6671. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  19. ↑ Makádi, László; Caldwell, Michael W.; Ősi, Attila (2012-12-19). "The First Freshwater Mosasauroid (Upper Cretaceous, Hungary) and a New Clade of Basal Mosasauroids". PLOS ONE. 7 (12): e51781. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...751781M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051781. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3526648. PMID 23284766.
  20. ↑ Makádi, László (2013-07). "The first known chamopsiid lizard (Squamata) from the Upper Cretaceous of Europe (Csehbánya Formation; Hungary, Bakony Mts)". Annales de Paléontologie. 99 (3): 261–274. doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2013.07.002. ISSN 0753-3969. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  21. ↑ Botfalvai, Gábor; Ősi, Attila; Mindszenty, Andrea (2015-01). "Taphonomic and paleoecologic investigations of the Late Cretaceous (Santonian) Iharkút vertebrate assemblage (Bakony Mts, Northwestern Hungary)". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 417: 379–405. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.09.032. ISSN 0031-0182. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  22. ↑ Ősi, Attila; Clark, James M.; Weishampel, David B. (2007-02-01). "First report on a new basal eusuchian crocodyliform with multicusped teeth from the Upper Cretaceous (Santonian) of Hungary". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 243 (2): 169–177. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2007/0243-0169. ISSN 0077-7749.
  23. ↑ Rabi, Márton; Sebők, Nóra (2015-10). "A revised Eurogondwana model: Late Cretaceous notosuchian crocodyliforms and other vertebrate taxa suggest the retention of episodic faunal links between Europe and Gondwana during most of the Cretaceous". Gondwana Research. 28 (3): 1197–1211. Bibcode:2015GondR..28.1197R. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2014.09.015. ISSN 1342-937X. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  24. ↑ Ösi, Attila; Weishampel, David B.; Jianu, Coralia M. (2005). "First evidence of azhdarchid pterosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Hungary". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 50 (4): 777–787.
  25. 1 2 3 Ősi, A.; Butler, R.J.; Weishampel, David B. (2010). "A Late Cretaceous ceratopsian dinosaur from Europe with Asian affinities". Nature. 465 (7297): 466–468. Bibcode:2010Natur.465..466O. doi:10.1038/nature09019. PMID 20505726.
  26. ↑ Virág, Attila; Ősi, Attila (2017-04-27). "Morphometry, Microstructure, and Wear Pattern of Neornithischian Dinosaur Teeth From the Upper Cretaceous Iharkút Locality (Hungary)". The Anatomical Record. 300 (8): 1439–1463. doi:10.1002/ar.23592. ISSN 1932-8486.
  27. ↑ Ösi, Attila. 2005. Hungarosaurus tormai, a new ankylosaur (Dinosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of Hungary. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25(2):370-383, June 2005.
  28. ↑ Ősi, A.; Prondvai, E.; Butler, R.; Weishampel, D. B. (2012). Evans, Alistair Robert, ed. "Phylogeny, Histology and Inferred Body Size Evolution in a New Rhabdodontid Dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Hungary". PLoS ONE. 7 (9): e44318. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...744318O. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0044318. PMC 3448614. PMID 23028518.
  29. ↑ Ősi, Attila; Prondvai, Edina (2013-08). "Sympatry of two ankylosaurs (Hungarosaurus and cf. Struthiosaurus) in the Santonian of Hungary". Cretaceous Research. 44: 58–63. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2013.03.006. ISSN 0195-6671. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  30. ↑ Ősi, Attila; Pereda-Suberbiola, Xabier (2017-07). "Notes on the pelvic armor of European ankylosaurs (Dinosauria: Ornithischia)". Cretaceous Research. 75: 11–22. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2017.03.007. ISSN 0195-6671. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  31. ↑ Ősi, Attila; Buffetaut, Eric (2011-01). "Additional non-avian theropod and bird remains from the early Late Cretaceous (Santonian) of Hungary and a review of the European abelisauroid record". Annales de Paléontologie. 97 (1–2): 35–49. doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2011.07.001. ISSN 0753-3969. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  32. ↑ Ősi, Attila; Csiki-Sava, Zoltán; Prondvai, Edina (2017-06-12). "A Sauropod Tooth from the Santonian of Hungary and the European Late Cretaceous 'Sauropod Hiatus'". Scientific Reports. 7 (1). Bibcode:2017NatSR...7.3261O. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-03602-2. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5468229. PMID 28607394.
  33. ↑ Gareth J. Dyke, Attila Ősi (2010). "A review of Late Cretaceous fossil birds from Hungary". Geological Journal. 45 (4): 434–444. doi:10.1002/gj.1209.
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