George W. Bush Presidential Center

George W. Bush Presidential Center
Official logo of the George W. Bush Presidential Center
Policy Institute at George W. Bush Presidential Center
Location in Texas
George W. Bush Presidential Center (the US)
Location University Park, Texas, U.S.
Coordinates 32°50′27″N 96°46′41″W / 32.8409°N 96.7781°W / 32.8409; -96.7781Coordinates: 32°50′27″N 96°46′41″W / 32.8409°N 96.7781°W / 32.8409; -96.7781
Construction start November 16, 2010
Completion date April 25, 2013
Named for George W. Bush
Architect Robert A.M. Stern Architects
Size 207,000 square feet
Website www.bushcenter.org and www.georgewbushlibrary.smu.edu

The George W. Bush Presidential Center, which opened on April 25, 2013,[1] is a complex that includes the 43rd President George W. Bush's presidential library and museum, the George W. Bush Policy Institute, and the offices of the George W. Bush Foundation. It is located on the campus of Southern Methodist University (SMU) in University Park, Texas, near Dallas.[2][3]

History

Site selection process

Early bidders

Before Bush became President, officials at Baylor University in Waco, Texas started to work on a bid for the library. They believed that their proximity to his ranch in Crawford and their location within 100 miles (160 km) of Austin, Dallas and the Bryan-College Station metropolitan area gave them a good shot at winning such a project. Not long after Bush became President, officials at Southern Methodist University began working on their bid for the library.

The White House refused to discuss the issue until after the President had won a second term. In the latter part of 2005, the White House asked a total of six colleges and one city to submit bids for the library. The six were Baylor, SMU, the University of Texas System, Texas Tech University, the University of Dallas, and Midland College. The city of Arlington, Texas also submitted a bid. A few weeks later, Midland College announced it was merging its bid with Texas Tech to form a "West Texas Coalition" to win the library and museum. Part of the proposal was to create a Laura Bush reading center at Midland College while the main presidential library and museum would be housed on the Lubbock campus of Texas Tech.

Details of potential sites

Each of the groups had benefits and drawbacks to their bids. Arlington had land to offer near the stadiums for the Dallas Cowboys and Texas Rangers. It was in the middle of an area that already draws a large number of tourists every year. The lack of school involvement was a large drawback to the proposal, even though the University of Texas at Arlington assisted the city in making the bid.

Baylor University had substantial land to offer on the banks of the Brazos River in Waco. The downside was that Baylor is not in a major metropolitan area and would probably not attract nearly as many visitors annually as the library would if it were built somewhere in the Dallas area.

Many on the campus of UT System opposed the school's bid for the library, with The Daily Texan, the student newspaper of the UT system's university, the University of Texas at Austin, printing an editorial against the project.[4] On the plus side, UT Austin was already home to the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum and had experience in managing such a project. The drawback was the proposal to split the library up over several UT campuses around the state. This decentralized approach was sold as a way to create a "virtual" library that would benefit far more people.

The UT system also submitted with its bid a downtown property under its ownership as well as offering the UT Dallas campus. The Downtown Dallas property was located close to the Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza, which attracts a large number of tourists already and was located far away from residential areas, which would prevent complaints about congestion. It would also help rejuvenate the central Downtown area, which had been facing a flight of businesses and development towards the uptown areas. However, the idea of the UT system running the museum itself was found unfavorable. UT Dallas in Richardson, traditionally considered an engineering school and the one of the youngest universities in the UT System, was having large developments to its campus and a growing Governmental studies and Business program whose faculty was supportive of the bid. It was also located north of Dallas near the fast developing communities of Frisco and Plano. However, the UT Dallas administration was uninterested in being in the business of running a museum and conflicts as to where the museum would be located (The UT System wanted to use land that the UT Dallas administration had set aside for the future construction of residential halls and a research building) lead to the UT System withdrawing its proposal.

Texas Tech also had a substantial amount of land to offer and a supportive faculty and student body. The drawback to Texas Tech's bid was that the school is located in Lubbock, again outside a major metro area.

The private Catholic school in the Dallas suburb of Irving, Texas, is not that well known outside of the Dallas metropolitan area. An advantage for the University of Dallas was that the school owned hundreds of acres of undeveloped land next to its campus that lies between several major highways and a future light rail station. Its plans were apparently big enough to include a proposal to use some land from the City of Dallas, a fact that led then Dallas Mayor Laura Miller to endorse this plan over SMU's bid.

SMU's bid was mired in mystery from the start, especially with regard to where SMU would find the land to build the facility. Over the course of planning, SMU bought dozens of homes and businesses next to or near the school. SMU also acquired the University Gardens condos, only to be sued by one of the condo owners over the way the school made the acquisition. SMU insisted the land for the condos may or may not be needed for the library, yet space was still an issue. Many in University Park, an upscale enclave next to the campus, were also displeased with the prospect of thousands of people and tour buses going through their neighborhood to visit the library. Despite that, the University Park town council agreed to put up for a vote a plan to sell parkland to SMU for the library.

Final stages of selection

In late 2005, the White House announced that SMU, Baylor, UD and Texas Tech had been selected as finalists to make their pitch to the library committee in Washington headed by the President's long time friend and former Commerce Secretary, Donald Evans. A few weeks after the presentations had been made, the committee announced that Texas Tech had been dropped from consideration, leaving only SMU, Baylor and The University of Dallas in contention.

On December 20, 2006, a judge ruled in favor of SMU on the land dispute over the University Gardens condos. The next day, officials at Southern Methodist University and library selection committee members announced that the university had entered "the next phase of deliberations" towards final site selection for the library.[5]

On January 22, 2007, the University of Dallas withdrew its bid for the library due to the negotiations with SMU.[6] UD revealed the ambitious plans it had for the library and museum that included a large park, jogging trails, waterfalls, and easy access to a light-rail station.

Baylor published sections of its proposal on the university website,[7] but no new information was revealed, and Baylor announced that it would not publish the complete proposal until after the final site selection was announced.

Selection of SMU

On February 22, 2008, officials at Southern Methodist University reported that the final details of the agreement between the university and the Bush Foundation would be finalized, clearing the way for an official announcement that the George W. Bush Library would be built at SMU. The university soon officially confirmed the signed agreement.[8]

Some segments of the SMU community had voiced opposition to the project during the selection phase. In December 2006, a letter from several members of the Perkins School of Theology to R. Gerald Turner, president of the Board of Trustees, criticized Bush's policies as "ethically egregious" and expressed concern that the library would serve as a "conservative think tank and policy institute that engages in legacy polishing and grooms young conservatives for public office."[9] Another group of faculty complained about the lack of consultation in the decision to house the library on campus. According to SMU officials, opposition among faculty members has not been widespread.[10]

A group of Methodists launched a petition opposing plans to build the library and museum at SMU, calling it inappropriate to link Bush's presidency to a university bearing the Methodist name.[11]

An article in The Guardian noted that a petition opposing the construction of the library gathered 12,500 signatures.[12]

Fundraising

The nonprofit George W. Bush Foundation in early 2009 had a goal to raise $300 million for construction and endowment of the library, according to its president Mark Langdale.[13]

Construction

The firm of architect Robert A.M. Stern, dean of the architecture school at Yale University, was picked to design the library.[14]

Groundbreaking took place on November 16, 2010.[5][15] In tandem with the publication of his memoir Decision Points, President Bush hosted a November 16, 2010, groundbreaking ceremony for the center.[16] At the event, Dick Cheney commented that "this may be the only shovel-ready project in America," using a term prominently and ultimately ruefully associated with President Obama's 2009 fiscal stimulus package.[15][17] The library foundation chose the Manhattan Construction Company as contractor, which had also built the George Bush Presidential Library.

The construction of the center was projected to cost $250 million.[18] In April 2013, the building earned a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Platinum green building certification, the highest possible.[19]

Completion and dedication ceremony

From left: President Obama stands alongside the four living former U.S. Presidents in descending order of service at the dedication of the Center, April 2013
Obama chatting with former Presidents Carter, Clinton and Bush

The center which includes a presidential library, museum, institute and the offices of the George W. Bush Foundation was dedicated on April 25, 2013, in a ceremony which featured all living former U.S. Presidents Jimmy Carter, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and the incumbent U.S. President, Barack Obama.[20] The library and museum are privately administered by the National Archives and Records Administration, while the university holds representation on the institute board. The project raised over $500 million for the construction and endowment of the George W. Bush presidential center.[21]

The previous time that George W. Bush (then the outgoing President), Obama (then the President-elect), former President Bill Clinton, former President George H. W. Bush and former President Jimmy Carter all met took place in the White House in 2009, just days ahead of Obama's first inauguration.[22]

Also in attendance were over 10,000 invited guests including global leaders like Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen (NATO), President Mikheil Saakashvili and Mrs. Sandra E. Roelofs (Georgia), President José María Alfredo Aznar López (Spain), Prime Minister and Mrs. Ehud Olmert (Israel), Prime Minister and Mrs. John Howard (Australia), President Lee Myung-bak and Mrs. Kim Yoon-ok (Korea), Prime Minister Tony Blair and Mrs. Cherie Blair (United Kingdom), President John Kufuor (Ghana), President Francisco Guillermo Flores Pérez and Mrs. Francisco Guillermo Flores Pérez (El Salvador), and Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi (Italy).

Presidential library

At 207,000 square feet (19,200 m2), it is the second-largest presidential library, behind only the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library in Simi Valley, California.[13]

Policy Institute

Ambassador James K. Glassman, a former State Department official, was selected in September 2009 to serve as founding executive director of the Center's George W. Bush Institute, which will function as an "action-oriented think tank" independent of SMU.[23]

The institute is planned "to advance four causes he adopted as his own while in office: human freedom, global health, economic growth and education reform." He has also started a women's initiative led by his wife, Laura Bush, as well as a military service initiative to help US veterans. At the November 2010, groundbreaking, the former president said to attendees, "The decisions of governing are on another president's desk, and he deserves to make them without criticism from me. But staying out of current affairs and politics does not mean staying out of policy."[15] Laura Bush addressed the crowd "to promote the importance of fighting for women's rights around the world."[17]

In 2012, it published, The 4% Solution: Unleashing the Economic Growth America Needs (Crown Business, 2012), a collection of essays, including by five Nobel Prize winners.[24][25] The presentation was broadcast five times on Book TV between August and December 2012. The book contains a foreword by George W. Bush. The book covers such varied topics as immigration, Social Security, tax policy, and energy policy. It suggests policies for the U.S. gross domestic product to reach 4%.[26][27][28][29][30][31] When President Donald Trump proposed repeal of NAFTA in 2017, Matthew Rooney, the director of the economic growth initiative at the Bush Institute defended NAFTA on multiple fronts but suggested an update is needed.[32]

In early 2018, the Bush Institute received two $10 million endowments, one from Boeing and another from Highland Capital Management, in support of the Institute's programs.[33]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Camia, Catalina (January 16, 2013). "George W. Bush library set for May 1 opening". USA Today. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
  2. ↑ "Parking and Directions". George W. Bush Presidential Center. Retrieved 2015-08-10. Physical Address: 2943 SMU Boulevard Dallas, Texas 75205
  3. ↑ "Zoning Districts" (PDF). City of University Park. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 26, 2015. Retrieved 2015-06-27.
  4. ↑ VIEWPOINT: Don't waste funds on W's library - Opinion
  5. 1 2 "Statement by Donald L. Events on Bush Presidential Library". George W. Bush Presidential Library Site Selection Committee. December 21, 2006. Retrieved 2006-12-21.
  6. ↑ "University of Dallas withdraws bid for Bush library". Dallas Business Journal. January 22, 2007. Retrieved 2015-08-10.
  7. ↑ "Frequently Asked Questions - Baylor University Proposal For The George W. Bush Presidential Library". Baylor University. November 26, 2003.
  8. ↑ "Timeline of Bush Presidential Center Site Selection Process". Southern Methodist University. Retrieved 2015-08-10.
  9. ↑ "Dean at SMU weighs in on Bush Library". Denny Burk.com. February 14, 2007.
  10. ↑ Blumenthal, Ralph (January 10, 2007). "S.M.U. Faculty Complains About Bush". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-03-10.
  11. ↑ Brown, Angela K. (January 18, 2007). "Methodists: No Bush Library at SMU". The Washington Post.
  12. ↑ Jacobsen, Kurt (August 26, 2008). "Milton Friedman gives Chicago a headache". The Guardian. London. Retrieved August 26, 2012.
  13. 1 2 Isensee, Laura (February 17, 2009). "Details emerge about Bush library, policy center". Dallas Morning News. Retrieved 2009-02-22.
  14. ↑ "Robert A.M. Stern Architects Selected to Design the George W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum" (Press release). Robert A.M. Stern Architects. August 28, 2007. Archived from the original on 2015-11-15.
  15. 1 2 3 Hennessey, Kathleen (November 16, 2010). "George W. Bush breaks ground on presidential center". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 17, 2010.
  16. ↑ Baker, Peter (November 6, 2010). "Now Appearing: George W. Bush". The New York Times. p. WK1. Retrieved 2015-08-10.
  17. 1 2 Baker, Peter (November 16, 2010). "Bush and Cheney Reunite at Library Groundbreaking". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-11-16.
  18. ↑ Meinhard B (November 19, 2009). "Plans for the Green George W. Bush Presidential Center Released". Retrieved November 16, 2010.
  19. ↑ "Bush Presidential Center Achieves LEED Platinum Certification". Clean Energy in My State. United States Department of Energy. 30 April 2013. Archived from the original on 12 May 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2013.
    Russell, Margaret (2013). "EDITOR'S PAGE". Architectural Digest. Retrieved 2 June 2013.
  20. ↑ "Bush Presidential Library dedicated in style at SMU". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  21. ↑ "Bush Raises More Than $500 Million For Library". Time Magazine –. April 10, 2013. Retrieved September 14, 2018.
  22. ↑ Holley, Joe (April 26, 2013). "Bush Presidential Library dedicated in style at SMU". Houston Chronicle.
  23. ↑ "Former Think Tank Scholar and State Department Official James K. Glassman Named to Head Bush Institute". GeorgeWBushLibrary.com (Press release). March 3, 2010. Retrieved 2015-08-10.
  24. ↑ "The 4% Solution: Unleashing the Economic Growth America Needs" (Press release). George W. Bush Institute. July 17, 2012. Retrieved 2015-08-10.
  25. ↑ "Book Discussion on The 4% Solution". C-SPAN. 17 July 2012. Retrieved 26 April 2015. Contributors to The 4% Solution lay out a plan to achieve a four percent economic growth rate, which they argue is necessary to restore America's economic health. The discussion was moderated by James Glassmen, executive director of the George W. Bush Institute, which put out the book. President George W. Bush, who wrote the foreword to the book, made opening remarks. This book launch event was held at the Old Parkland Hospital in Dallas.
  26. ↑ "George W. Bush promotes economic ideas in new book". WFAA News. July 15, 2012.
  27. ↑ "Book Review: "The 4% Solution: Unleashing the Economic Growth America Needs" – George W. Bush Institute". Hispanic American Center for Economic Research. August 15, 2012.
  28. ↑ Miniter, Brendan. "The 4% Solution: Unleashing the Economic Growth America Needs". The Blaze.
  29. ↑ Benning, Tom (July 17, 2012). "George W. Bush unveils his think tank's first book". The Dallas Morning News.
  30. ↑ "The 4% Solution". Mercatus Center.
  31. ↑ Baker, Peter (July 14, 2012). "Enlisting Economists, Bush Adds Book to Fiscal Debate". The New York Times.
  32. ↑ Matthew Rooney, "Numbers Show the Need to Update, not Repeal, NAFTA", San Antonio Express-News, February 5, 2017, pp. F1, F6.
  33. ↑ "Bush Center starts off 2018 with pair of $10 million gifts from Highland Capital, Boeing". Dallas News. 2018-01-15. Retrieved 2018-08-25.
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