Liberty Korea Party
Liberty Korea Party 자유한국당 Jayuhangukdang | |
---|---|
| |
Interim Leader (Chairman of the Emergency Measures Innovation Committee) | Kim Byong-joon |
Floor leader | Kim Sung-tae |
Secretary General | Kim Yong-tae |
Chairman of the Policy Planning Committee | Ham Jin-kyu |
Founded |
November 21, 1997 (Grand National Party) February 2, 2012 (Saenuri Party) February 13, 2017 (Liberty Korea Party) |
Merger of |
United Liberal Democrats Future Hope Alliance Advancement Unification Party Evergreen Korea Party |
Preceded by |
New Korea Party Democratic Party (1995) |
Headquarters |
18, Gukhoe-daero 70-gil Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 149-871 |
Membership (2015) | 3,020,776 (As Saenuri Party)[1] |
Ideology |
Conservatism[2][3][4] Social conservatism[5] Right-wing populism[6][7] |
Political position |
Centre-right[8][9][10][11][12][13] to right-wing[14][15][16] |
Regional affiliation | Asia Pacific Democrat Union |
International affiliation | International Democrat Union |
Colours | Red |
Seats in the National Assembly |
112 / 300 |
Municipal mayor and Gubernatorial |
2 / 17 |
Municipal Mayors |
53 / 226 |
Seats within local government |
1,146 / 3,750 |
Website | |
www.libertykoreaparty.kr | |
Liberty Korea Party | |
Hangul | 자유한국당 |
---|---|
Hanja | 自由韓國黨 |
Revised Romanization | Jayuhangukdang |
McCune–Reischauer | Chayuhan'guktang |
Korea Party | |
Hangul | 한국당 |
Hanja | 韓國黨 |
Revised Romanization | Hangukdang |
McCune–Reischauer | Han'guktang |
The Liberty Korea Party (Hangul: 자유한국당; Hanja: 自由韓國黨) is a conservative[2][3][4] political party in South Korea. Until February 2017, it was known as the Saenuri Party (Hangul: 새누리당), and before that as the Hannara Party (Hangul: 한나라당; lit. Grand National Party) from 1997 to 2012, both of which are still colloquially used to refer to the party. The party formerly held a plurality of seats in the 20th Assembly before its ruling status was transferred to the Democratic Party of Korea on December 27, 2016, following the creation of the splinter Bareun Party by former Saenuri members who distanced themselves from President Park Geun-hye in the 2016 South Korean political scandal.
History
The party was founded in 1997, when the United Democratic Party and New Korea Party merged. Its earliest ancestor was the Democratic Republican Party[17] under the authoritarian rule of Park Chung-hee in 1963. On Park's death, and at the beginning of the rule of Chun Doo-hwan in 1980, it was reconstituted and renamed as the Democratic Justice Party. In 1988, party member Roh Tae-woo introduced a wide range of political reforms including direct presidential elections and a new constitution. The party was renamed in 1993, during the presidency of Kim Young-sam,[18] with the merger of other parties to form the Democratic Liberal Party (Minju Jayudang). It was renamed as the New Korea Party (Sinhangukdang) in 1995, and it then became the Grand National Party in November 1997 following its merger with the smaller United Democratic Party (1996) and various conservative parties.[19]
Three months later, with the election of Kim Dae-jung of the Centrist Reformists Democratic Party as president, the party's governing role came to an end, and it began its first ever period in opposition, which would last ten years. In October 2012, the Advancement Unification Party merged with the Saenuri Party.[20]
Following the 2000 parliamentary elections, it was the single largest political party, with 54% of the vote and 147 seats out of 271.
The party was defeated in the parliamentary election in 2004 following the attempted impeachment of President Roh Moo-hyun, gaining only 121 seats out of 299. The party's defeat reflected public disapproval of the attempted impeachment, which was instigated by the party. This was the first time in its history the party had not won the most seats. It gained back five seats in by-elections, bringing it to 127 seats as of October 28, 2005.[21]
2007 onward
On December 19, 2007, the GNP's candidate, former Seoul mayor Lee Myung-bak won the presidential election,[22] ending the party's ten-year period in opposition.
In the April 2008 general election, the GNP secured a majority of 153 seats out of 299 and gained power in the administration and the parliament as well as most local governments, despite low voter turnout.[23]
One of the main bases of popular support of the party originates from the conservative, traditionalist elite and the rural population, except for farmers. It is strongest in the Gyeongsang region. Former party head, and 2007 presidential candidate, Park Geun-hye is the daughter of former President Park Chung-hee who ruled from 1961 to 1979. Although Representative Won Hee-ryeong and Hong Jun-pyo ran for the party primary as reformist candidates, former Seoul mayor and official presidential candidate Lee Myung-bak gained more support (about 40%) from the Korean public.
The GNP suffered a setback in the 2010 local elections, losing a total of 775 local seats throughout the counties,[24] but remained with the most seats in the region.
2011
GNP-affiliated politician, Oh Se-hoon, lost his mayoral position in Seoul after the Seoul Free Lunch Referendum.
The Grand National Party celebrated its 14th anniversary on November 21, 2011, amid uncertainties from intra-party crises.[25]
The DDoS attacks during the October 2011 by-election have become a central concern of the GNP as it could potentially disintegrate the party leadership.[26]
Emergency Response Commission
The Hong Jun-pyo leadership system collapsed on December 9, 2011, and the GNP Emergency Response Commission was launched on December 17, 2011, with Park Geun-hye as commission chairperson, to prepare for the forthcoming Legislative Election 2012 on April 11, 2012, and the Presidential Election 2012 on December 19, 2012.[27]
There was a debate with Commission members about whether to transform the Grand National Party into a non-conservative political party or not, but Park said the GNP would never become non-conservative and will follow the real values of conservatism.[28][29]
Official color
In February 2012, the party changed its political official color from blue to red. This was a change from the previous 30 years where blue was usually the symbol of the conservative parties.[30]
Policy
The party supports free trade and neoliberal economic policies. It favors maintaining strong cooperation with the United States and Japan while distancing South Korea from North Korea. The party is also conservative on social issues such as opposition to legal recognition of same-sex couples.
Four major rivers project
One of the party's important policies is to financially secure The Four Major Rivers Project since President Lee Myung-bak was in office. This project's budget disputes have sparked controversial political motions in the National Assembly for three consecutive years.[31]
Sejong City project
The party has been less inclined toward the creation of a new capital city for South Korea, to be called Sejong City than the previous administration. As of 2012, the Saenuri Party has indicated that some governmental offices will be relocated to the new city, but not all.
Human rights activism
The party has been very active in promoting the North Korean Human Rights Law, which would officially condemn the use of torture, public executions and other human rights violations in North Korea.[32]
Party representative Ha Tae Kyung is the founder of Open Radio for North Korea, an NGO dedicated to spreading news and information about democracy, to which citizens of North Korea have little access due to their government's isolationist policies.[33] In April 2012, Saenuri member Cho Myung-Chul became the first North Korean defector elected to the National Assembly.[34] In spring 2012, several Saenuri representatives took part in the Save My Friend protests, organized to oppose China's policy of repatriating North Korean defectors, and expressed their solidarity with Park Sun-young's hunger strike.[35]
Criticism
Online sockpuppetry
The party has records of secretly hiring and paying university students to generate online replies favorable to the GNP.[36] GNP member Jin Seong-ho (진성호) formally apologized on July 2, 2009, for making a remark that "the GNP occupied Naver,"[37] one of the biggest South Korean internet portals.
December 8, 2010, controversial bill-passing
The party passed a bill relating to the year 2011 national budget without the opposition parties' input on December 8, 2010.[38] It had caused legislative violence before. This process of passing the budget bill sparked controversy over potential illegality. Due to this incident, many South Korean political, academic and citizen groups expressed their outrage against current mainstream politics.[39] The reason for forceful passing of the bill was due mainly to the budget disputes over the controversial Four Major Rivers Project.[40] Many Buddhists in South Korea criticized the budget bill for neglecting the national Temple Stay program.[41] This has led the Jogye Order, the largest Buddhist order in South Korea, to sever ties with the GNP[42] and becoming financially independent without any funding from the government.[43] The interns and the staff working in the National Assembly officially complained on December 17 that their salary was unpaid after the passing of this bill.[44]
List of leaders
Chairpersons
- Note
- ERC - as head of Emergency Response Committee
- * - as the de facto head of party
No. | Terms | Chairperson | Tenure | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | Lee Han-dong (이한동) | November 21, 1997 | April 10, 1998 |
* | 2 | Cho Soon (조순)* | April 10, 1998 | August 5, 1998 |
— | — | Lee Han-dong (이한동) | August 5, 1998 | August 31, 1998 |
* | 3 | Lee Hoi-chang (이회창)* | August 31, 1998 | May 22, 2000 |
— | — | Seo Cheong-won (서청원) | May 22, 2000 | May 30, 2000 |
* | 4 | Lee Hoi-chang (이회창)* | May 30, 2000 | April 2, 2002 |
— | — | Park Kwan-yong (박관용) | April 2, 2002 | May 14, 2002 |
2 | 5 | Seo Cheong-won (서청원) | May 14, 2002 | January 30, 2003 |
— | — | Park Hee-tae (박희태) | January 30, 2003 | May 26, 2003 |
3 | 6 | Choi Byeong-yul (최병렬) | May 26, 2003 | March 23, 2004 |
4 | 7 | Park Geun-hye (박근혜) | March 23, 2004 | July 5, 2004 |
— | — | Kim Deok-ryong (김덕룡) | July 5, 2004 | July 19, 2004 |
(4) | 8 | Park Geun-hye (박근혜) | July 19, 2004 | June 15, 2006 |
— | — | Kim Yeong-seon (김영선) | June 15, 2006 | July 10, 2006 |
5 | 9 | Kang Jae-sup (강재섭) | July 11, 2006 | July 4, 2008 |
6 | 10 | Park Hee-tae (박희태) | July 4, 2008 | September 7, 2009 |
7 | 11 | Chung Mong-joon (정몽준) | September 7, 2009 | June 4, 2010 |
— | — | Kim Moo-sung (김무성)ERC | June 4, 2010 | July 14, 2010 |
8 | 12 | Ahn Sang-soo (안상수) | July 14, 2010 | May 9, 2011 |
— | — | Jeong Ui-hwa (정의화)ERC | May 9, 2011 | July 4, 2011 |
9 | 13 | Hong Jun-pyo (홍준표) | July 4, 2011 | December 17, 2011 |
— | — | Na Kyung-won (나경원) | December 9, 2011 | December 12, 2011 |
— | — | Hwang Woo-yea (황우여) | December 12, 2011 | December 19, 2011 |
— | — | Park Geun-hye (박근혜)ERC | December 19, 2011 | May 15, 2012 |
10 | 14 | Hwang Woo-yea (황우여) | May 15, 2012 | May 15, 2014 |
— | — | Lee Wan-koo (이완구)ERC | May 15, 2014 | July 14, 2014 |
11 | 15 | Kim Moo-sung (김무성) | July 14, 2014 | April 14, 2016 |
— | — | Won Yoo-chul (원유철) | April 14, 2016 | May 11, 2016 |
— | — | Chung Jin-suk (정진석) | May 11, 2016 | June 2, 2016 |
— | — | Kim Hee-ok (김희옥)ERC | June 2, 2016 | August 9, 2016 |
12 | 16 | Lee Jung-hyun (이정현) | August 9, 2016 | December 16, 2016 |
— | — | Chung Woo-taik (정우택) | December 16, 2016 | December 29, 2016 |
— | — | In Myung-jin (인명진)ERC | December 29, 2016 | April 1, 2017 |
— | — | Chung Woo-taik (정우택) | April 1, 2017 | July 3, 2017 |
13 | 17 | Hong Jun-pyo (홍준표) | July 3, 2017 | June 14, 2018 |
— | — | Kim Sung-tae (김성태) | June 14, 2018 | July 17, 2018 |
— | — | Kim Byong-joon (김병준)ERC | July 17, 2018 | Incumbent |
Assembly leaders (Floor leaders)
No. | Assembly leader | Tenure | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Mok Yo-sang (목요상) | November 21, 1997 | December 16, 1997 |
2 | Lee Sang-deuk | December 16, 1997 | April 5, 1998 |
3 | Ha Soon-bong (하순봉) | April 5, 1998 | August 27, 1998 |
4 | Park Hee-tae (박희태) | August 27, 1998 | January 14, 1999 |
5 | Lee Boo-young (이부영) | January 14, 1999 | June 1, 2000 |
6 | Jung Chang-hwa (정창화) | June 1, 2000 | May 13, 2001 |
7 | Lee Jae-oh | May 13, 2001 | May 16, 2002 |
8 | Lee Kyu-taek (이규택) | May 16, 2002 | June 29, 2003 |
9 | Hong Sa-duk (홍사덕) | June 29, 2003 | May 18, 2004 |
10 | Kim Duk-ryong (김덕룡) | May 18, 2004 | March 4, 2005 |
11 | Kang Jae-sup | March 4, 2005 | January 11, 2006 |
12 | Lee Jae-oh | January 11, 2006 | July 12, 2006 |
13 | Kim Hyun-goh (김형오) | July 12, 2006 | August 26, 2007 |
14 | Ahn Sang-soo | August 26, 2007 | May 17, 2008 |
15 | Hong Jun-pyo | May 17, 2008 | May 20, 2009 |
(14) | Ahn Sang-soo | May 20, 2009 | May 3, 2010 |
16 | Kim Moo-sung | May 3, 2010 | May 5, 2011 |
17 | Hwang Woo-yea | May 5, 2011 | May 8, 2012 |
18 | Lee Hahn-koo | May 8, 2012 | May 14, 2013 |
19 | Choi Kyoung-hwan | May 15, 2013 | May 7, 2014 |
20 | Lee Wan-koo | May 7, 2014 | January 25, 2015 |
21 | Yoo Seung-min | February 1, 2015 | July 8, 2015 |
22 | Won Yoo-chul | July 14, 2015 | May 3, 2016 |
23 | Chung Jin-suk (정진석) | May 3, 2016 | December 12, 2016 |
24 | Jung Woo-taek (정우택) | December 16, 2016 | December 11, 2017 |
25 | Kim Sung-tae (김성태) | December 11, 2017 | Incumbent |
Election results
Presidential elections
Election | Candidate | Total votes | Share of votes | Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|
1997 | Lee Hoi-chang | 9,935,718 | 38.7% | Lost |
2002 | Lee Hoi-chang | 11,443,297 | 46.5% | Lost |
2007 | Lee Myung-bak | 11,492,389 | 48.7% | Elected |
2012 | Park Geun-hye | 15,773,128 | 51.6% | Elected |
2017 | Hong Jun-pyo | 7,841,017 | 24% | Lost |
Legislative elections
Election | Total seats won | Total votes | Share of votes | Outcome of election | Election leader |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2000 | 133 / 273 |
7,365,359 | 39.0% | Lee Hoi-chang | |
2004 | 121 / 299 |
7,613,660 | 35.8% | Park Geun-hye | |
2008 | 153 / 299 |
6,421,727 | 37.4% | Kang Jae-seop | |
2012 | 152 / 300 |
9,130,651 | 42.8% | Park Geun-hye | |
2016 | 122 / 300 |
7,960,272 | 33.5% | Kim Moo-sung |
Local elections
Election | Metropolitan mayor/Governor | Provincial legislature | Municipal mayor | Municipal legislature | Election leader |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1998 | 6 / 16 |
224 / 616 |
74 / 232 |
Cho Soon | |
2002 | 11 / 16 |
467 / 682 |
136 / 227 |
Seo Cheong-won | |
2006 | 12 / 16 |
557 / 733 |
155 / 230 |
1,621 / 2,888 |
Park Geun-hye |
2010 | 6 / 16 |
288 / 761 |
82 / 228 |
1,247 / 2,888 |
Chung Mong-joon |
2014 | 8 / 17 |
416 / 789 |
117 / 226 |
1,413 / 2,898 |
Lee Wan-koo |
2018 | 2 / 17 |
137 / 824 |
53 / 226 |
1,009 / 2,927 |
Hong Jun-pyo |
Footnotes
Party Splits
- Saenuri Party (2017) (2017-since)
- Korean Patriots' Party (2017-since)
See also
References
- ↑ "제2장, 2015년도 정당의 정기보고 결과" [Chapter 2: Result of general report for the parties at 2015]. 2015년도 정당의 활동개황 및 회계보고 [The outlook for activity and financial report of the parties at 2015] (E-book) (in Korean). National Election Commission. 2016-11-21. p. 11.
- 1 2 Manyin, Mark E. (2010), U.S.-South Korea Relations, Congressional Research Service, p. 26
- 1 2 Shin, Gi-Wook (2010), One Alliance, Two Lenses: U.S.-Korea Relations in a New Era, Stanford University Press, p. 208
- 1 2 Peterson, Mark; Margulies, Phillip (2010), A Brief History of Korea, Facts On File, p. 242
- ↑ Kang, Jin-Kyu. "Gay rights get a negative spin at fourth presidential debate". Joongang Daily.
- ↑ Jang Hoon. "Liberty Korea Party, conservative populism has no future". JoongAng Ilbo. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
- ↑ Cho Soon-hyun. "Speak roughly, populist Hong Joon Pyo". InjuryTime. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ↑ Manyin, Mark E. (2003), South Korean Politics and Rising "Anti-Americanism": Implications for U.S. Policy Toward North Korea (PDF), Congressional Research Service, archived (PDF) from the original on October 11, 2011
- ↑ The Economist, print edition, April 11, 2008, South Korea's election: A narrow victory for the business-friendly centre-right Archived October 18, 2014, at the Wayback Machine., Accessed Oct 19, 2013.
- ↑ Cronin, Patrick M. (2009), Global Strategic Assessment 2009: America's Security Role in a Changing World, INSS, archived from the original on January 28, 2018
- ↑ Global Security: Japan and Korea; Tenth Report of Session 2007-08, House of Commons of the United Kingdom, 2008, archived from the original on January 28, 2018
- ↑ Klassen, Thomas R. (2013), Korea's Retirement Predicament: The Ageing Tiger, Routledge, p. 12, archived from the original on January 28, 2018
- ↑ Tactical nuclear missiles mooted by South Korean opposition. The Irish Times. Author - Peter Murtagh. Published August 16, 2017. Retrieved August 3, 2018.
- ↑ South Korea conservatives planning boycott over North Korea. United Press International. Author - Elizabeth Shim. Published 7 February 2018. Retrieved 13 June 2018.
- ↑ South Koreans set to continue backing President Moon’s agenda in local elections. Foreign Brief. Published 13 June 2018. Retrieved 13 June 2018.
- ↑ Smith, Cindy J.; Zhang, Sheldon X.; Barberet, Rosemary, eds. (May 3, 2011). Routledge Handbook of Criminology. Routledge. p. 443. ISBN 9781135193850. Archived from the original on January 28, 2018. Retrieved May 16, 2017.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on January 29, 2013. Retrieved November 14, 2012.
- ↑ "Roh Tae Woo". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on October 10, 2014. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on January 29, 2013. Retrieved November 14, 2012.
- ↑ "새누리-선진통일당, 합당 공식선언". News.donga.com. Archived from the original on October 18, 2015. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
- ↑ "한나라당 5곳 '싹쓸이' ...우리당 참패". Hani.co.kr. Archived from the original on November 29, 2014. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
- ↑ Archived June 12, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ MoneyToday. "ѳ 153". News.mt.co.kr. Archived from the original on October 18, 2015. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
- ↑ "BBC News — Setback for South Korea's president in local elections". BBC News. Archived from the original on June 6, 2010. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
- ↑ Kim (김), Beom-hyeon (범현); Hwang Cheol-hwan (황철환) (November 21, 2011). 한나라 창당14년..탄핵후폭풍 후 최대위기. Yonhap News (in Korean). Archived from the original on April 27, 2015. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
- ↑ Kim (김), Beom-hyeon (범현) (December 3, 2011). 與, '선관위 홈피공격' 악재에 대책 부심. Yonhap News (in Korean). Archived from the original on December 7, 2011. Retrieved December 25, 2011.
- ↑ Kim, Eun-jung (December 19, 2011). "Park Geun-hye takes helms of struggling ruling party". Yonhap News. Archived from the original on January 17, 2012. Retrieved January 5, 2012.
- ↑ Kim, Eun-jung (January 5, 2012). "Ruling party considers shifting away from core conservative values". Yonhap News. Archived from the original on May 2, 2014. Retrieved January 5, 2012.
- ↑ Chung, Min-uck (January 5, 2012). "Ruling party to shed 'conservatism'". Korea Times. Archived from the original on November 4, 2014. Retrieved January 5, 2012.
- ↑ Jun, Ji-hye (December 17, 2012). "Which colour will shine?". Korea Times. Archived from the original on April 27, 2015. Retrieved December 17, 2012.
- ↑ Archived September 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "Politics". Rki.kbs.co.kr. Archived from the original on February 2, 2014. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
- ↑ "Ha Tae Kyung to Stand in Busan- Daily NK". Dailynk.com. Archived from the original on September 23, 2015. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
- ↑ Paula Hancocks, CNN (April 11, 2012). "North Korean defector stands for South Korean election". CNN. Archived from the original on January 19, 2013. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
- ↑
- ↑ "̵ : ü 巯 ѳ ˹". Mediatoday.co.kr. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
- ↑ "진성호 의원 '네이버 평정 발언' 공개 사과". Pressian.com. Archived from the original on March 20, 2012. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
- ↑ "한나라당 새해 예산안 단독처리...野 날치기 강력 항의 - 노컷뉴스". Cbs.co.kr. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
- ↑ Archived September 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ MoneyToday. ""ȥ " ó". Mt.co.kr. Archived from the original on November 29, 2014. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
- ↑ "ѱ̴!". News.hankooki.com. Archived from the original on March 5, 2012. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
- ↑ "ο ̻ ȭ ʿ١". News.khan.co.kr. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
- ↑ Archived April 2, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "'이럴려고 몸싸움했나'...국회 보좌진 인턴 수당도 날아가 - 노컷뉴스". Nocutnews.co.kr. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
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