Eve Marder

Eve Marder

Eve Marder (born May 30, 1948 in New York City) is an American neuroscientist known for her work on neural circuits in the crustacean stomatogastric nervous system (STNS). She discovered that circuits are not “hard-wired” to produce a single output or behavior, but can be reconfigured by neuromodulators to produce many outputs and behaviors while still maintaining the integrity of the circuit. Her work revolutionized the way scientists view the structure and function of neural circuits in the brain, and the general principles that resulted from her work are thought to be generally applicable to humans.

Her work on the 30 neurons that comprise the lobster stomatogastric ganglion (STG) produced many notable findings. She found that circuits can be modulated by many neuromodulators, which act on the level of populations of neurons, unlike some neurotransmitters, which can only affect specific target neurons. She pioneered work on plasticity and homeostasis, revealing more about how the brain can change dramatically during learning and development yet remain structurally stable. Her recent work examining network variability among healthy individuals shows that a variety of network parameters can produce the same behavioral outcome, challenging a long-standing goal in theoretical neuroscience to model 'ideal' neurons and neural circuits.[1]

Along with Larry Abbott, she also developed the dynamic clamp method, which enables an experimenter to induce mathematically modeled conductances into living neurons to view the output of theoretical circuits.[2]

She received her B.A. at Brandeis University and Ph.D. at University of California, San Diego. Her doctoral work on the role of acetylcholine in the lobster STG led to a single-author Nature paper.[3] She completed her postdoctoral training at the University of Oregon in Eugene and the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, France. She is currently the Victor and Gwendolyn Beinfield Professor of Neuroscience at Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts, where, in 1990, she established one of the very first undergraduate neuroscience programs in the United States.[4]

She is currently an elected counselor for the National Academy of Science,[5] a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the United States National Academy of Sciences, serves on the National Institutes of Health working group for the BRAIN Initiative, and is a former president of the Society for Neuroscience.[6] She is also a Deputy Editor at eLife,[7] and, due to her early interest in politics, she often writes about science, politics, and society.[8]

Awards

  • Honorary Doctorate from Tel Aviv University (2017)[9]
  • Kavli Prize in Neuroscience (2016)
  • Gruber Award in Neuroscience (2013)
  • Member Institute of Medicine (2013)
  • George A. Miller Prize, Cognitive Neuroscience Society (2012)
  • Karl Spenser Lashley Prize, American Philosophical Society (2012)
  • Honorary Doctor of Science, Bowdoin College (2010)
  • Fellow, Biophysical Society (2008)
  • Member, National Academy of Sciences (2007)
  • President, Society for Neuroscience (2007)
  • President-Elect, Society for Neuroscience (2006–2007)
  • Gerard Prize, Society for Neuroscience (2005)
  • Trustee of the Grass Foundation (2002–2005)
  • Women in Neuroscience Mika Salpeter Lifetime Achievement Award (2002–2003)
  • Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2001–2001)
  • MERIT (Method to Extend Research in Time) Award, National Institutes of Health (1995–2000)
  • McKnight Endowment fund for Neuroscience Investigator Award (1994)
  • Jacob Javits Neuroscience Investigator Award, National Advisory Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke Council (1987–1994)

References

  1. ↑ Ganguli, Ishani (31 October 2007). "Neuroscience: A gut feeling". Nature (450): 21–23. doi:10.1038/450021a. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
  2. ↑ Gorman, James (10 November 2014). "New York Times". Learning How Little We Know About the Brain. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
  3. ↑ Marder, Eve (Oct 25, 1974). "Acetylcholine as an excitatory neuromuscular transmitter in the stomatogastric system of the lobster". Nature. 251 (5477): 730–1. doi:10.1038/251730a0. PMID 4154406.
  4. ↑ "Society for Neuroscience". www.sfn.org. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
  5. ↑ http://www.nasonline.org, National Academy of Sciences -. "Mar. 8, 2017: National Academy of Sciences Re-Elects Vice President and Councilors". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved 2017-07-12.
  6. ↑ "Brandeis Life Sciences Faculty Bio". Retrieved 8 March 2015.
  7. ↑ "eLife welcomes new Deputy Editor". Retrieved 2016-08-17.
  8. ↑ "Communicating the latest advances in life science and biomedicine". eLife. Retrieved 2015-09-27.
  9. ↑ "TAU Honorary Doctorates 2017". Tel Aviv University. Retrieved 2017-07-12.
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