Equipment of the Syrian Army

List of modern equipment of the Syrian Arab Army.[1] The vast majority of Syrian military equipment was Soviet manufactured but the organization and military doctrine of the armed forces followed a mix of French and Western influences as the Soviet Union closely guarded its operational principles and never shared them with client states.[2] The accuracy of the data is difficult to assess due to the ongoing Syrian Civil War, as weapons and vehicles are acquired and lost during battles.

Small arms

Pistols

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
Makarov PMSemi-automatic pistol9×18mm Makarov Soviet Union8-round magazine. Main service pistol of the Syrian Army.
Tokarev TT-33Semi-automatic pistol7.62×25mm Tokarev8-round magazine.
Browning Hi-PowerSemi-automatic pistol9×19mm Parabellum Belgium13-round magazine. It is the main police service pistol.

Carbines

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
AKS-74UCarbine5.45×39mm M74 Soviet Union30-round magazine, limited usage.[3]
9A-91Carbine9×39mm Russia20-round magazine. Limited usage by the Syrian Army. Seen during the Rif Dimashq offensive (March–August 2013) in Qaboun.[4]
AK-104Carbine7.62×39mm M4330-round magazine. With the arrival of Russian military advisers in late 2015, some Syrian Army units were equipped with AK-104s attached with telescopic sights.It largely used by Syrian Police[5]

Assault rifles

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
AK-47Assault rifle7.62×39mm M43/M67 Soviet Union30-round magazine, used mostly by National Defence Force.
AKM / AKMSAssault rifle7.62×39mm M4330-round magazine, main service rifle.
AK-74MAssault rifle5.45×39mm M7430-round magazine, used by Airborne Special Forces.[6][7]
Zastava M70Assault rifle7.62×39mm M43 Yugoslavia30-round magazine, moderate usage by Syrian Army.
MPi-KMAssault rifle7.62x39mm M43 East Germany30-round magazine, moderate usage by Syrian Army.
Type 56Assault rifle7.62×39mm M43 People's Republic of China30-round magazine, used mostly by National Defence Force.[8]
Sa vz. 58Assault rifle7.62×39mm M43 Czechoslovakia30-round magazine.
AMD 65Assault rifle7.62×39mm M43 People's Republic of Hungary30-round magazine.
StG 44[9][10]Assault rifle7.92×33mm KurzNazi Germany Nazi Germany30-round magazine. Delivered by the CSSR, Yugoslavia, and the Soviet Union in the 50s. Around 5,000 captured by the opposition forces.

Sniper rifles

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
Dragunov SVDSniper rifle7.62×54mmR Soviet Union10-round magazine, main sniper rifle.
PSLSniper rifle7.62×54mmRRomania Socialist Republic of Romania10-round magazine.[11]
Zastava M91Sniper rifle7.62×54mmRFederal Republic of Yugoslavia Federal Republic of Yugoslavia10-round magazine.
Steyr SSG 69Sniper rifle7.62×51mm NATO Austria5-round magazine.
Orsis T-5000Sniper rifle7.62×51mm NATO Russia5-round magazine. In late 2015, Russia supplied the Syrian Army with the Orsis T-5000.[5]
ASVKAnti-materiel rifle12.7×108mm10-round detachable box magazine, limited usage.[12]
OSV-96Anti-materiel rifle12.7×108mm5-round magazine.
Sayyad-2Anti-materiel rifle.50 BMG IranSingle shot bolt-action. Copy of Austrian HS .50. Limited service with Syrian Army.[5][13]
Template:FN FALBattle Rifle7.62x51 NATO Belgium A small amount brought out of storage and used as sniper rifles.

Light machine guns

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
RPDLight machine gun7.62×39mm M43 Soviet Union100-round drum magazine, former main service LMG.
RPK40-round magazine or 75-round magazine. Main service LMG of the Syrian Army.

Medium machine guns

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
DS-39 DegtyaryovMedium machine gun7.62×54mmR Soviet Union250-round belt. Limited service with Syrian Army, mostly in reserve.
SG-43 Goryunov200 or 250-round belts. Limited service with Syrian Army, most common variant SGMT is mounted on T-55 tanks.

Heavy machine guns

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
DShK 1938Heavy machine gun12.7×108mm Soviet Union50-round belt, moderate usage.
KPV14.5×114mm40-round belt, moderate usage.
NSV12.7×108mm50-round belt, main service HMG of the Syrian Army.
Kord Russia50-round belt, limited usage,mostly used by Syrian Police.[12]

General-purpose machine guns

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
PKMGeneral-purpose machine gun7.62×54mmR Soviet Union100-round magazine, main service machine gun of the Syrian Army.
Pecheneg machine gun[14] Russia100 and 200-round magazine, Limited usage.
Type 67  People's Republic of ChinaLimited usage.[15]
Type 80100-round magazine, moderate usage.

Grenades

Name Type Diameter Origin Photo Notes
F-1Hand grenade55mm Soviet Union4 meter kill radius, 3.5-4 second fuse.
RGD-558mmPropels ~350 fragments, 5 meter kill radius, 3.2-4 second fuse.
RPG-43Anti-tank grenade95mm75mm RHA penetration, hard impact activates impact fuse.
RKG-3170 mm RHA penetration, impact fuse.

Grenade launchers

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
AGS-17Automatic grenade launcher30×29mm grenade Soviet UnionBelt fed with 29-round drums, high rate of fire. Seen in use by the Syrian Republican Guard.[16]
GP-25[17]Grenade launcher40x53mm grenadeSingle shot under-barrel grenade launcher.

Mines

Name Type Detonation Origin Photo Notes
PMN mineAnti-personnel minePressure Soviet Union~240g TNT, anti-personnel blast mine.
PMD series minesWooden box with a slot and detonator.
TM-35 mine2.8 kg of TNT.
TM-38 mineDetonates when there is 440 lbs of pressure.
TM-41 mine3.9 kg of Amatol or TNT, short cylinder with the entire top surface being used as a pressure plate.
TM-44 mine5.4 kg of Amatol, broadly similar to the earlier, smaller, TM-41 mine.
TM-46 mine5.7 kg of TNT.
TM-57 mine6.3 kg of TNT.
TM-62 series of mines7.5 kg of TNT.
TM-72 mineMagnetic influence fuse100 mm RHA penetration, cylindrical metal-cased anti-tank mine.
TM-83 mineSeismic sensors Russia9.6 kg of TNT.
TM-89 mine6.7 kg of TNT.
TMA-3 minePressure Yugoslavia6.5 kg of TNT.
TMA-4 mine5.5 kg of TNT.
TMA-5 mine5.5 kg of TNT.

Anti-tank

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
RPG-2[18]Recoilless rifle Soviet UnionPG-2 (82 mm)
RPG-7Rocket-propelled grenadeAmmunition: PG-7V (85 mm) PG-7VL (93 mm) PG-7VR (64/105mm) OG-7V (40 mm).
RPG-1864 mm.
RPG-2965 mm & 105 mm.
RPG-75 Czechoslovakia
68 mm.
M79 OsaAnti-tank rocket launcher Yugoslavia90 mm. Captured from rebel groups.
SPG-9Recoilless rifle Soviet Union73 mm.
B-10[19]82 mm.
B-11107 mm.
M40 Iran106 mm.
SS.11Anti-tank missile486 France
HOT1000 France /

 West Germany
3M6 Shmel (AT-1 Snapper)486 Soviet Union
3M11 Falanga (AT-2 Swatter)200In storage.
9K11 Malyutka (AT-3 Sagger)410Possibly in storage.[1] Used during the Syrian Civil War.[20][21]
9K111 Fagot (AT-4 Spigot)150[1]
9M113 Konkurs (AT-5 Spandrel)40[1]
9K115 Metis (AT-7 Saxhorn)N/A
9M117 Bastion (AT-10 Stabber)800[1]
9M119 Svir (AT-11 Sniper)N/A Russia
9K115-2 Metis-M (AT-13 Saxhorn-2)N/APresence confirmed by use of looted 9K115-2 systems by rebels.[22]
9M133 Kornet (AT-14 Spriggan)2500 at least [1]
Saeghe-2s Iran
Toophan
BGM-71 TOWN/A United StatesDuring the April 2018 East Qalamoun offensive, dozens of TOW missiles and several TOW launchers were seized from rebel groups. They were at an ammunition storage site inside of a cave in the Al-Batra mountain range.[23]

MANPADS

Combined total of 4,000+ launchers.

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
9K32 Strela-2 (SA-7)Man portable air defence system4,000+[1] Soviet Union
9K34 Strela-3 (SA-14)Man portable air defence system100[1]
9K38 Igla-1 (SA-16)Man portable air defence systemN/A
9K38 Igla (SA-18)Man portable air defence systemN/A[1] Russia
9K338 Igla-S (SA-24)Man portable air defence systemN/ADelivered by Russia.
FN-6Man portable air defence systemN/A People's Republic of ChinaCaptured from rebel groups. FN-6 MANPADS were one of the heavy weaponry the rebels surrendered during their final withdrawal to the Idlib Governorate from the Northern Homs pocket.[24]

Vehicles

Tanks

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
PT-76BAmphibious light tank100 Soviet UnionMost likely in service in the Tartus Governorate. Not seen in use during the Syrian civil war.
T-55/MV/AM/AMVMain battle tank2,250[1]Some upgraded.[25] Around 200 destroyed, damaged,salvaged for parts or captured by anti-government insurgents since March 2011.
T-62/K/M1,000[1]around 145 destroyed, damaged, salvaged for parts or captured by anti-government insurgents since March 2011.[26] Additional vehicles T-62M delivered by Russia[27]
T-72/M/A/AV / TURMS-T/M1 TURMS-T / B/B obr. 1989[28]/BM/B3[29]T-72s (2015): 1,600[1]
T-72B3: ≈20[5]		More than 1600 in 2010, many upgraded by Russia, 122 by Italy, many by the Syrians according too, around 305 destroyed. Jane's.[30][31] Approximately 300 in 2014.[32] T-72Bs as well as ones with Kontakt-5 were delivered by Russia in 2015-2016.[33]
T-90/A/AM[34]65+[35][36]  RussiaFirst observed in the Southern Aleppo offensive on November 29, 2015.[37] Russia supplied T-90 1992 models and T-90As in late 2015. Russia has supplied T-90 tanks to the Tiger Forces and 4th Mechanized Division.[33][38]

Infantry fighting vehicles

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
BMP-1Infantry fighting vehicle2,450[1] Soviet Union200 donated to Iran during the Iran–Iraq War - Around 473 destroyed, damaged and captured by anti-government insurgents since March 2011. Additional vehicles delivered by Russia.[39]
BMP-2<100[1]Deployed in Rif Dimashq Governorate campaign, 10 lost in the civil war.

Armoured personnel carriers

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
BTR-40Armoured personnel carrier≈120 Soviet Union
BTR-50550
BTR-60PB/PU-12650Most were scrapped.[40]. Others are used by police and security forces.
BTR-152300Mostly used by Law enforcement in Syria, 7 lost in the civil war.
BVP-1 AMB-SField ambulance≈100 Soviet Union  CzechoslovakiaVariant of the BMP-1. Deployed in the Rif Dimashq Governorate campaign in Syrian Civil War, 48 lost in the civil war.
BRDM-2Amphibious Armoured scout car≈700 Soviet UnionSome armed with 9K11 Malyutka ATGM.
1,200 received from the Soviet Union by 1975. Around 20 lost in the civil war.[41]. Also some are used by police forces.
BTR-70Armoured personnel carrierN/A Soviet Union
BTR-80/82A50+Several BTR-80s were given by Russia in 2013, more BTR-82s delivered in 2015[42][43][44]
MT-LBArmoured personnel carrierN/A
BPM-97Armoured personnel carrier Russia
OT-64 SKOTArmoured personnel carrier Czechoslovakia /  Poland300 OT-64C ordered from Czechoslovakia in 1976 and delivered between 1977 and 1979, possibly most scrapped.[40]
Otokar CobraInfantry mobility vehicle1 TurkeySyrian Army captured an Otokar Cobra from ISIS during the East Aleppo Offensive.[45] Before that, ISIS captured it from the Turkish military during the Battle of al-Bab.

Military engineering

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
BREM-1 / BREM-2[46]Armored recovery vehicle≈100 Soviet UnionDeployed in the Rif Dimashq Governorate campaign in Syrian Civil War. 4 BREM-1 and 4 BREM-2 lost in the civil war.[47]
IMR-2Combat engineering vehicleN/A
UR-77 "Meteorit"Mine clearing vehicle / Explosive charge throwerN/AIt was deployed during Operation Damascus Steel, the explosive charge was used to destroy trenches and enemy firing positions.[48]

Logistics and utility vehicles

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
MAZ-73108×8 artillery truck200 Soviet UnionMain role is to carry the R-17 Elbrus Scud-B ballistic missile.
Ural-43206×6 off-road truck50025 Ural-4320-31 armored trucks were given by Russia to secure transport of Syria's chemical weapons arsenal.[40][42]
Ural-375D6×6 4.5 ton truck350Transport vehicle, another use is being a BM-21 multiple rocket launcher.
ZIL 1316×6 3.5 ton truck300Cargo truck, also can become a BM-21 multiple rocket launcher.
ZIL-135Artillery truck84Main role is to carry the FROG-7 ballistic missile.
ZIL-1576×6 2.5 ton truck84
KAMAZ-431146×6 side truck100 Russia50 were given by Russia to secure transport of Syria's chemical weapons arsenal.[40]
GAZ-664×4 off-road truck200 Soviet UnionTransport vehicle for motorized infantry.
GAZ-33084×4 utility truck144[49] RussiaTransport vehicle for motorized infantry.
Sinotruk Howo4×4 side truckN/A People's Republic of ChinaTransport vehicle for motorized infantry.
UAZ-469Military All-terrain vehicleN/A Soviet Union
Rys LMVInfantry mobility vehicleN/A Italy
 Russia		One was in use by the Tiger Forces in the Deir Hafer Plains, Aleppo province.[50]

Artillery

Mortars

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
PM-37Mortar200 Soviet Union82mm mortar.
2B9 VasilekN/A82mm mortar.
M1938200120mm mortar.
PM-43700120mm mortar.
M1943100160mm mortar.
M-160>200 Soviet Union160mm mortar.
M-24010 Soviet Union240mm mortar. It was deployed during Operation Damascus Steel against militant groups in East Ghouta.[51]

Field artillery

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
ZIS-3Anti-tank GunN/A Soviet Union76mm.
D-44Anti-tank GunN/A85mm.
D-48Anti-tank GunN/A85mm.
BS-3Anti-tank GunN/A100mm. Probably decommissioned.
T-12Anti-tank GunN/A100mm.
M-30Howitzer150122mm. 21 additional M-30s were delivered by Russia to Syria in May 2017.[52]
A-19Howitzer100122mm. Probably decommissioned.
D-74Field Gun400122mm. Probably decommissioned.
D-30Howitzer600122mm.
M-46Field Gun800130mm. Mobile version in service.[53]
D-1Howitzer20152mm. Probably decommissioned.
ML-20Howitzer50152mm. Probably decommissioned.
D-20Howitzer20152mm.
Msta-BHowitzerN/A152mm.
S-23[54]Howitzer10180mm.

Self-propelled field artillery

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
T-34/D-30Self-propelled howitzer>50 Soviet Union
 Syria		D-30 mounted on T-34. 122mm.
2S1 GvozdikaSelf-propelled howitzer300 Soviet Union122mm, 33 lost in the civil war.
2S3 Akatsiya100152mm, 3 lost in the civil war.
2S9 NonaN/A120mm
2S4 TyulpanMortar carrier24240mm

Multiple launch rocket systems

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
Type 63 / Fajr1Multiple rocket launcher100 Iran
 China		107mm.
BM-21 Grad200 Soviet Union122mm, 4 lost in the civil war.
BM-14N/A140mm.
BM-27 Uragan36220mm. Spotted in November 2014 during the Syrian Civil War, most likely delivered by Russia, 1 lost in the civil war.[55]
TOS-1Thermobaric multiple rocket launcher≈5220mm, some TOS-1s were delivered by Russia in late 2015.[5]
BM-24Multiple rocket launcherN/A240mm.
BM-30 SmerchMultiple rocket launcherN/A300mm. Presence confirmed by use of the 9M55K cluster munition used by the system.[56] Syria received several BM-30s in the midst the Syrian Civil War from either Belarus or more likely Russia, which delivered them in early 2014.[57]
KhaibarMultiple rocket launcher100 China
 Syria		302mm
Fajr-3Multiple rocket launcherN/A Iran240mm.
Fajr-5Multiple rocket launcherN/A333mm.
Ra'adMultiple rocket launcherN/A220mm.
Falaq-2Multiple rocket launcherN/A333mm.

Anti-air guns and systems

Towed anti-aircraft artillery

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
ZPUAnti-aircraft gun1,500+ Soviet Union14.5mm single, twin and quad mount. Also mounted on technicals.[58]
ZU-23-2Anti-aircraft gun650+23 mm, 2 barrels.
M1939Anti-aircraft gun300+37 mm.
S-60Anti-aircraft gun87557 mm.
52-K/KS-12Anti-aircraft gun100+85 mm.
KS-19Anti-aircraft gun100+100 mm.
61-KAnti-aircraft gunN/A37 mm, 2 barrels.

Towed air defence

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
S-75 Dvina (SA-2 S-75M Volga Version of the 1995 year)Strategic SAM system320[59] Soviet Union
S-125 Neva/Pechora (SA-3 Pechora + Pechora-2M)148[59] + 12[60]
S-200 (SA-5)2 defense regiment comprising 2 divisions including 2 batteries S-200 (44 launchers) in service as of 2010[61]Command post S-300 can manage in any combination the elements of S-200 and S-300.[62][63][64]

Self-propelled air defence

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
ZSU-23-4 "Shilka"Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun400[1] Soviet Union23 mm.
ZSU-57-2 "Sparka"10[1]Most in storage, some units were reactivated during the Syrian Civil War.[65]
2K12 Kub (SA-6)Self-propelled SAM system195-200 (As of 2012)[59][66]
9K33 Osa (SA-8)14-60,[1][67] 14 batteries (60 launchers – autonomous war machines)[68]Two were captured by Liwa al-Islam.
9K31 Strela-1 (SA-9)20[1]
9K37 Buk (SA-11)20[1]
9K35 Strela-10 (SA-13)30[1]
9K37M2E Buk-M2E (SA-17)At least 10 RussiaObserved in use at Al-Mezzah.[69]
9M311-1M Tunguska (SA-19)Self-propelled air-defence system6[70] Soviet Union
S-300 (S-300 SA-20A / SA-20BSurface-to-air missile systemDelivery not completed, status unclear.[71][72] RussiaNo more than 6 systems and 144 missiles.[72] As of 2014, some were supposedly delivered, but not confirmed.[73]
Pantsir-S1 (SA-22)Self-propelled SAM system36–50[74]+10 In 2016, +1RL-123E Early detection radar, +command posts.[75]

Ballistic missiles

Tactical ballistic missiles

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
FROG-7[76]Tactical ballistic missile≈18 mobile launchers[77] Soviet UnionUnknown number of missiles.
Scud-B/Hwasong-5[76]Tactical ballistic missile≈42 mobile launchers[77] Soviet Union
 North Korea		≈200 missiles
OTR-21 Tochka/Hwasong-11[76]Tactical ballistic missile≈12 mobile launchers[77] Soviet Union
 North Korea		≈100 missiles.[77] Russia allegedly sent 50 additional Tochka missiles in February 2017 to Tartus.[78]
9K720 IskanderTactical ballistic missile24[79] RussiaDowngraded export variant Iskander E ordered in 2006 – Status unclear.[80]
Hwasong-6[76]Tactical ballistic missile≈160 missiles[77] North Korea
 Syria
North Korean Scud C Version produced in Syria
Hwasong-9[76]Tactical ballistic missile≈100 missiles[77] North Korea
 Syria		North Korean Scud D Version produced in Syria.
Fateh-110[76]Tactical ballistic missile900+ missiles[77] IranLocal designation M-600 or Tashreen.
Zelzal-2[81]Tactical ballistic missileN/A
Zelzal-3Tactical ballistic missileN/A
Shahab-2Tactical ballistic missileN/AAt least one used in February 2014 as seen in a video uploaded online.[82][83]

Command posts

Higher level command posts (HLCPs)

Name Type Quantity Origin Notes
Senezh-M1E[84]General-purpose self-acting[85] HLCPsN/A[66][86] Soviet UnionPhotography on the site developer As an option, with the use of HLCP, management of all types of air defense systems, the Air Force and all kinds of radar air defense forces. Effective radius of 1,600 km for 77 fired targets[87] May receive data order to send target indication for different systems.[88]

Unmanned aerial vehicles

Non-combat unmanned air vehicles

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
La-17RMUnmanned aerial vehicleN/A Soviet UnionReconnaissance drone. Withdrawn from service.
Tu-143Unmanned aerial vehicleN/AReconnaissance drone. Withdrawn from service.
AbabilUnmanned aerial vehicleN/A IranMedium-range reconnaissance/surveillance and short/medium-range attack drone.
Mohajer 4Unmanned aerial vehicleN/AReconnaissance drone. Used during the Syrian Civil War since late 2012.[89]
YasirUnmanned aerial vehicleN/AReconnaissance drone. Used during the Syrian Civil War since late 2013.[90]

Unmanned combat air vehicles

Name Type Quantity Origin Notes
Shahed 129Unmanned combat air vehicleN/A IranSpotted in Syria on 10 April 2014 over Al-Maliha, East-Ghouta (Damascus), it was used for reconnaissance without missiles.[91]

References

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  3. ↑ Andrew Illingworth (7 July 2017). "Powerful images of Syrian Army troops storming militant strongpoint in east Damascus". Al-Masdar News. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
  4. ↑ "Война в Сирии. Подземные ходы террористов в Аль Кабуне". ANNA News. 29 July 2013. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
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