Echinacea (animal)

Echinacea Temporal range: Lower Jurassic–recent PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Echinus melo
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Echinodermata
Class:	Echinoidea
Superorder:	Echinacea Claus, 1876
Orders
(See text)

The Echinacea are a superorder of sea urchins. They are distinguished by the presence of a rigid test, with ten buccal plates around the mouth, and solid spines. Unlike some other sea urchins, they also possess gills. The group is a large one, with species found worldwide.

Echinacea are part of Animalia (kingdom), Echinodermata (phylum), Echinozoa (subphylum), Echinoidea (class), Euechinoidea (subclass), Carinacea (infraclass).

Child taxa

According to World Register of Marine Species:^[1]

• Order Arbacioida (Gregory, 1900) -- 1 family and 2 fossiles
• Order Camarodonta (Jackson, 1912)
  • Infraorder Echinidea (Kroh & Smith, 2010) -- 5 families
  • Infraorder Temnopleuridea (Kroh & Smith, 2010) -- 2 families and 2 fossiles
• Order Stomopneustoida (Kroh & Smith, 2010) -- 2 families and 1 fossile
• Family Glyphopneustidae Smith & Wright, 1993 †

• 
  Arbacia lixula,
  an Arbacioida
• 
  Paracentrotus lividus,
  an Echinidea
• 
  Temnopleurus toreumaticus,
  a Temnopleuridea
• 
  Stomopneustes variolaris,
  a Stomopneustoida

References

• Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 980. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.
• Kroh, A.; Smith, A.B. (2010). "The phylogeny and classification of post-Palaeozoic echinoids". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 8 (2): 147–212. doi:10.1080/14772011003603556.