Drum Corps International

Drum Corps International
	Drum Corps International logo
Type	Association of Drum and Bugle Corps
Location	United States; Canada
Founded	October 21, 1971
No. of corps	46 (World & Open Class)
Chair, Board of Directors	Kathy Black
Executive Director	Dan Acheson
First champions	Anaheim Kingsmen (Open Class), 1972
Current champions	Santa Clara Vanguard (World Class); Vanguard Cadets (Open Class); Jubal (International Class)
Website	dci.org

Drum Corps International (DCI) is a governing body for junior drum and bugle corps based in Indianapolis, Indiana. DCI is responsible for developing and enforcing rules of competition, and providing standardized adjudication at sanctioned competitions throughout the United States and Canada.

The competitive season traditionally begins in late-June and ends with the annual World Championship, usually the second week of August. The next World Championships is scheduled for the week of August 10, 2019 at the Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis, Indiana. An annual championship for drum corps with a lesser performance commitment is hosted in Michigan City, Indiana, also during World Championship week.

DCI is not affiliated with the similarly named Drum Corps Associates (DCA), a governing body for all-age or senior drum and bugle corps. However, the two organizations have regularly engaged in strategic partnerships.

History

In 1971, at the urging of then-director of The Cavaliers, Don Warren, and Troopers director, Jim Jones, the directors from Blue Stars, Madison Scouts, and Santa Clara Vanguard, partnered with each other to form what was called the "Midwest Combine".^[1] The Combine corps would market themselves to show promoters as a package.

This partnership was in reaction to perceived inflexibility of the American Legion and VFW, who were, at the time, the primary sponsors of competing drum corps, and who were also responsible for hosting the two high-prestige national championships.^[2]^:47 Another source of contention was low-to-nonexistent appearance fees paid for to corps. Only corps who placed high at either of the national championships were paid any fees. Local show sponsors and promoters were also less generous, many compensating the winners of each competition and no others.^[2]^:320

A group similar to the Combine had formed a year prior among corps based in the Northeast known as the "Alliance", or officially the United Organization of Junior Corps (UOJC). The Alliance members were: 27th Lancers, Garfield Cadets, Boston Crusaders, Blessed Sacrament Golden Knights, and Blue Rock.^[1]

Despite acrimony from the veterans associations, the Combine and the Alliance remained intact for the 1970 and 1971 competitive seasons.^[1] Following the 1971 VFW National Championships, the Alliance and Combine corps agreed to meet at the next American Legion Uniformed Group Rules Congress to discuss forming a new, independent, governing body.^[2]^:321 Also invited to the meeting were the Anaheim Kingsmen, Argonne Rebels, and De La Salle Oaklands. Drum Corps International was founded by the thirteen corps on October 21, 1971.^{[lower-alpha 1]}

DCI Founding Members
Midwest Combine (1971)	"Alliance" (1970–71)	Other Corps
Blue Stars The Cavaliers Madison Scouts Santa Clara Vanguard Troopers	27th Lancers Blessed Sacrament Blue Rock Boston Crusaders Garfield Cadets	Anaheim Kingsmen Argonne Rebels De La Salle Oaklands

The inaugural DCI World Championship was hosted at Warhawks Stadium on the campus of University of Wisconsin–Whitewater. In attendance were 39 corps from fifteen states and one Canadian province. The Anaheim Kingsmen was crowned the first World Champions on August 18, 1972.^[3]

The Combine evolved into Drum Corps Midwest (DCM), and the Alliance into Drum Corps East (or Atlantic).^{[lower-alpha 2]} Both offered a regional circuit of competitions and regional championships prior to the "national tour" of DCI-sanctioned competitions. DCI expanded the "national" tour so it began earlier in season, and participation declined, especially in DCM.

About

DCI is a 501(c)(3) organization governed by a board of directors, with an executive director responsible for day-to-day operations.^[4]^[5] The board of directors is composed of three representatives who are directors of member corps, and three at-large members who are not affiliated with any corps.^[6] The current chair of the board of directors is Kathy Black, and the current Executive Director is Dan Acheson.^[7]^[8]

Drum Corps Associates (DCA), a governing body for all-age or senior drum corps, and DCI are not affiliated, however the two organizations are strategic partners.^[9] Of note, DCI describes all-age corps as providing value to the drum corps activity, and permits all age corps to compete at sanctioned competitions.^[10]

Mission

As the self-styled "Marching Music's Major League", DCI's mission is to create an environment for participating corps "to engage in education, competition, entertainment, and the promotion of individual growth." The organization also emphasizes positive life-transforming experiences for all participants.^[11]

Membership

The Cavaliers, a DCI World Class member corps and seven-time World Champion.

To become a DCI member, or to maintain membership, a corps must pass an evaluation by the board of directors. The evaluation requires corps to submit data on their financial health, fund raising capacity and income, participants, staffing, and explanations of their administrative structure. All corps are required to be 501(c)(3) organizations.

Once approved by the board, a new corps must achieve certain competitive requirements, such as attending World Championships. The corps must then be approved by a majority of other members at a meeting following World Championships, usually the annual rules congress later in the year.^[11]

All-age corps are ineligible for membership, but they may be qualify as a "touring" corps during a competitive season.^[10] International corps, or corps based outside the United States and Canada, are also ineligible for membership. However, an international corps that adopts DCI's regulations, specifically instrumentation and participant age limits, may also qualify as a touring corps in either Open or World Class.

Age limit

DCI limits the age of participants to "21 years of age and younger." A participant who is 22 years before June 1 would be unable to march.^[12] Some European and Asian drum corps associations have no age limit. Corps from those associations are allowed to compete at sanctioned competitions, and at World Championships, in International Class.

Corps are allowed to set their own age limit younger than 21 years, such as Shadow, from Oregon, Wisconsin, who limits its participants to high school students (18 years and younger).^[13]

Marketing and broadcasts

Individual drum corps derive a large part of their revenues from marketing their product, specifically memorabilia and souvenir sales. DCI derives income from ticket sales, and is the sole distributor of official media, such as championship DVDs and audio CDs. DCI is also the exclusive producer of all broadcasts of sanctioned competitions, including online streaming.

Edited versions of World Championship Open Class finals were televised by PBS from 1975 until 2005.^[14]^{[lower-alpha 3]} In 2006 and 2007, a two-hour highlights program of was broadcast by ESPN2, and then ESPN.

Since 2004, World Championship World Class prelims have been broadcast to movie theaters by Fathom Events under the title Big, Loud & Live.^[15]^{[lower-alpha 4]} In 2011, Fathom Events added the DCI Tour Premiere. DCI previously livestreamed a number of competitions throughout the season, including the entirety of World Championship, via the former "FanNetwork".^[16] FloSports engaged in a multi-year agreement to livestream select competitions via the FloMarching platform.^[17]

Frequent hosts of the broadcasts and streaming events have been former WWAY news anchor Steve Rondinaro, and percussionist Dennis DeLucia.^[18]

Other programs

In 2013, DCI launched two new competitive musical activities for small groups: SoundSport and DrumLine Battle. These activities are not restricted by an age limit, nor do they have the same competitive requirements as drum corps. BANDtastic! began in 2014.

SoundSport

The stated goal of SoundSport is to provide a competitive performance experience in a low-cost, local setting. Musical ensembles of more than five members, using any musical instruments, perform a 5-7 minute marching music show in an area measuring 30 yards (27 m) × 20 yards (18 m).^[19]

Two SoundSport teams Guardians and Watchmen became an Open Class corps in the 2014.^[20] Southwind, inactive from 2007 to 2013, competed as a SoundSport team in 2014, and returned to competition an Open Class corps in 2015.^[21]

DrumLine Battle

Intended for drumlines, or battery percussion ensembles with no wheeled percussion. Competing drumlines are staged in two competitive zones opposite each other, with each demonstrating their skills as an ensemble in alternating rounds of two minutes each. Adjudicators do not restrict their evaluation to technical proficiency, and include showmanship and audience reaction.^[22]

In 2014, E-Sarn from Thailand, competed in the DrumLine Battle held during World Championship week, defeating fifteen other competitors.^[23] River City Rhythm, from Anoka, Minnesota, also competed in 2014, becoming a touring corps in 2015.^[21]

BANDtastic!

BANDtastic is a program of middle school honor bands sponsored by DCI.^[24] The program originated in 2013 with the Indiana "INpact" honor band, organized in conjunction with World Championships.^[25] Similar groups have since been organized in Georgia, Tennessee, Texas, Florida, and most recently Minnesota.^[26]^[24]

The activities are held in conjunction with a local DCI competition, and World Class corps partner.^[27]

Active corps

Classification and adjudication

DCI utilizes a single adjudication handbook with corps subdivided by size, and not skill level. A multi-tier classification and adjudication system was in use prior to 2008, with Division I and Division II/III utilizing different handbooks, while also being subdivided by size.

Current classes

The Madison Scouts, a DCI World Class corps and two-time World Champion

Currently, DCI groups corps from the US and Canada into two classes based on competitive level. Corps from Europe, Asia, Latin America, and anywhere other than the US and Canada are grouped into the International Class. Corps from all classes compete together but are ranked separately. In the past, classes have been fully or partially determined by the number of marching members in each corps; at present, all corps may march up to a maximum of one hundred fifty four (154) members.

World Class (formerly Division I) corps are the groups that have chosen to compete at the highest level and have proven to DCI leadership they have the ability to survive at this level both competitively and financially. The higher a corps is ranked at the DCI Championships, the higher the performance fees they will earn for the following season's performances.

Open Class (formerly Divisions II & III) corps are committed to a lesser competitive level and are generally smaller, although several corps have marched with maximum membership. In September 2007, DCI combined the former Divisions II and III into this new division.^[28]^[29]

International Class is for corps based outside the US and Canada who wish to compete at sanctioned competitions. Corps in this class are allowed to follow the guidelines of their national governing body, such as no age restrictions, and the use of woodwind instruments. International corps which abide by DCI rules would be eligible to compete as Open Class corps.

Historic classes and divisions

Source: ^[30]

1972–1974	1975–1982	1983–1984	1985–1991	1992–2007	2008–present
Open Class	Open Class	Open Class	Open Class	Division I	World Class
	Class A	Class A	Class A	Division II	Open Class
	All-Girl	Class A	Class A60	Division III	Open Class
1972–1988			1988–present
—			International Class

Limits

Source:

Open Class (1972–92) had a membership limit of 128.
Class A generally had 90 members or fewer although the limit was 128.
All-Girl Class was restricted to girls only: there was no equivalent all-boy class; the membership limit was 128.
Class A60, and the later Division III, had a maximum of 60 members; a minimum of 30 members was added later.
Division II had the same membership limit as Division I, but a generally lower level of competitive expertise.^[31]
Prior to 2003, Division I was increased from 128 to 135.
World Class, the current Open Class, and International Class all had a membership limit of 150 from 2007 through 2017.^[32]
In 2018, the membership limit was increased to 154.^[33]

Adjudication

DCI's Adjudication Manual is based on three broad categories, Visual, Music and Effect.^[34] Visual and Music categories are further subdivided into three analysis captions. If more than one adjudicator is utilized in any caption, their scores are averaged before being factored.

Category	Caption	+	Caption	+	Caption	=	Points
Music	Analysis (20) / 2	+	Proficiency (20) / 2	+	Color Guard (20) / 2	=	30.00
Visual	Analysis (20) / 2	+	Brass (20) / 2	+	Percussion (20) / 2	=	30.00
Effect	—		General Effect 1 (20)	+	General Effect 2 (20)	=	40.00
Sub-Total :							100.00
Timing & Penalties :							- 0.00
TOTAL :							100.00

All-age corps may request to be adjudicated using scoring sheets provided by DCA. Some All-age corps may compete exclusively at DCI sanctioned competitions prior to attending DCA World Championships traditionally hosted Labor Day weekend.

World Championships

DCI World Championships were historically held the third week of August. However, the second week of August has been the preferred date due to changes in academic schedules.^{[lower-alpha 5]}

The week-long championship have been hosted at college or professional sports arenas in eighteen U.S and Canadian cities, and Montreal. Since 2009, Championships have been hosted at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis, Indiana, with the Open Class Championships hosted at Ames Field in Michigan City. On August 6, 2015, it was announced that the World Championships would remain in Indianapolis through 2028.^[35]

DrumLine Battle and SoundSport were added to the week's activities in 2014.

Individual & Ensemble

The Individual & Ensemble (I&E) festival is also hosted near the championship site. Participants from member corps are eligible to compete demonstrating their ability on their preferred instrument, or as part of a small ensemble or instrument choir. There are also color guard and dance categories.

In the 2005, I&E was expanded to include woodwind and vocal categories.

Past champions

Source:^[36]

Year	World Class (2008–present) Division I (1992–2007) Open Class (1972–91)	Open Class (2008–present) Division II (1992–2007) Class A (1974–91)	All-Girl (1975–82)	Division III (1992–2007) Class A60 (1985–91)	International ^{[upper-alpha 1]} (1988–present)
1972	Anaheim Kingsmen (California)	—	—	—	—
1973	Santa Clara Vanguard (California)	—	—	—	—
1974	Santa Clara Vanguard ⁽²⁾	—	—	—	—
1975	Madison Scouts {Wisconsin}	Cadets of Greece {New York)	St. Ignatius {New York)	—	—
1976	Blue Devils (California)	Wausau Story (Wisconsin)	St. Ignatius ⁽²⁾	—	—
1977	Blue Devils ⁽²⁾	Bengal Lancers (Connecticut)	St. Ignatius ⁽³⁾	—	—
1978	Santa Clara Vanguard ⁽³⁾	Black Watch ^{[upper-alpha 2]} (Washington)	Les Châtelaines (Quebec)	—	—
1979	Blue Devils ⁽³⁾	Black Watch (New Jersey)	Arbella (Massachusetts)	—	—
1980	Blue Devils ⁽⁴⁾	Ventures ^{[upper-alpha 3]} (Ontario)	Ventures (Ontario)	—	—
1981	Santa Clara Vanguard ⁽⁴⁾	Southernaires (Louisiana)	Les Châtelaines ⁽²⁾	—	—
1982	Blue Devils ⁽⁵⁾	Dutch Boy (Ontario)	Les Châtelaines ⁽³⁾	—	—
1983	Garfield Cadets (New Jersey)	Les Châtelaines	—	—	—
1984	Garfield Cadets ⁽²⁾	Florida Wave (Florida)	—	—	—
1985	Garfield Cadets ⁽³⁾	Ventures ⁽²⁾	—	St. Francis Xavier Sancians (Massachusetts)	—
1986	Blue Devils ⁽⁶⁾	Canadian Knights (Ontario)	—	St. Francis Xavier Sancians ⁽²⁾	—
1987	Garfield Cadets ⁽⁴⁾	Ventures ⁽³⁾	—	Mandarins (California)	—
1988	Madison Scouts ⁽²⁾	L'Insolites (Quebec)	—	Mandarins ⁽²⁾	British Crusaders ^{[upper-alpha 4]} United Kingdom
1989	Santa Clara Vanguard ⁽⁵⁾	Ventures ⁽⁴⁾	—	Blue Stars (Wisconsin)	—
1990	Cadets of Bergen County ⁽⁵⁾ {Formerly the Garfield Cadets}	Ventures ⁽⁵⁾	—	Academie Musicale (Quebec)	West Coast Cadets United Kingdom
1991	Star of Indiana (Indiana)	Southwind (Alabama)	—	Pioneer (Wisconsin)	—
1992	The Cavaliers (Illinois)	Southwind ⁽²⁾	—	Mandarins ⁽³⁾	SGI Fuji Japan
1993	Cadets of Bergen County ⁽⁶⁾	Carolina Crown (North Carolina)	—	Blue Stars ⁽²⁾	Phoenix Regiment Japan
1994	Blue Devils ⁽⁷⁾	Pioneer (Wisconsin)	—	Americanos	Pride of Bristol United Kingdom
1995	The Cavaliers ⁽²⁾	Pioneer ⁽²⁾	—	Academie Musicale (Quebec)	Bay Max Japan
1996	Blue Devils ⁽⁸⁾ (tie) Phantom Regiment (Illinois)	Les Etoiles Dorion Vaudreuil (Quebec)	—	Mandarins ⁽⁴⁾	Yokohama Scouts Japan
1997	Blue Devils ⁽⁹⁾	Spartans (New Hampshire)	—	Mandarins ⁽⁵⁾	Pride of SOKA Japan
1998	Cadets of Bergen County ⁽⁷⁾	East Coast Jazz (Massachusetts) (tie) Spartans ⁽²⁾	—	Mandarins ⁽⁶⁾	—
1999	Blue Devils ⁽¹⁰⁾ (tie) Santa Clara Vanguard ⁽⁶⁾	Patriots (New York)	—	Mandarins ⁽⁷⁾	Yokohama Scouts ⁽²⁾
2000	Cadets of Bergen County ⁽⁸⁾ (tie) The Cavaliers ⁽³⁾	Vanguard Cadets (California)	—	Seattle Cascades (Washington)	Taipei Yuehfu Taiwan
2001	The Cavaliers ⁽⁴⁾	Mandarins (California)	—	Blue Stars ⁽³⁾	Taipei Yuehfu ⁽²⁾
2002	The Cavaliers ⁽⁵⁾	Magic of Orlando (Florida)	—	Revolution (Texas)	Taipei Yuehfu ⁽³⁾
2003	Blue Devils ⁽¹¹⁾	Esperanza (California)	—	Blue Stars ⁽⁴⁾	—
2004	The Cavaliers ⁽⁶⁾	Spartans ^{[upper-alpha 5]} ⁽³⁾	—	Oregon Crusaders (Oregon)	Beatrix Netherlands
2005	The Cadets ⁽⁹⁾ (Formerly the Cadets of Bergen County)	Spartans ⁽⁴⁾ East Coast Jazz ^{[upper-alpha 6]}	—	Raiders (New Jersey)	Taipei Yuehfu ⁽⁴⁾
2006	The Cavaliers ⁽⁷⁾	The Academy (Arizona)	—	Impulse (California)	Jubal Netherlands
2007	Blue Devils ⁽¹²⁾	Spartans ⁽⁵⁾	—	Memphis Sound (Tennessee)	Yokohama Scouts ⁽³⁾
2008	Phantom Regiment ⁽²⁾	Vanguard Cadets ⁽²⁾	—	—	Beatrix ⁽²⁾
2009	Blue Devils ⁽¹³⁾	Blue Devils B (California)	—	—	—
2010	Blue Devils ⁽¹⁴⁾	Blue Devils B ⁽²⁾	—	—	Strängnäs Sweden
2011	The Cadets ⁽¹⁰⁾	Blue Devils B ⁽³⁾	—	—	Yokohama Scouts ⁽⁴⁾
2012	Blue Devils ⁽¹⁵⁾	Oregon Crusaders (Oregon)	—	—	—
2013	Carolina Crown (South Carolina)	Vanguard Cadets ⁽³⁾	—	—	Taipei Yuehfu ⁽⁵⁾
2014	Blue Devils ⁽¹⁶⁾	Blue Devils B ⁽⁴⁾	—	—	Patria Guatemala
2015	Blue Devils ⁽¹⁷⁾	Vanguard Cadets ⁽⁴⁾	—	—	Jubal ⁽²⁾
2016	Bluecoats (Ohio)	Blue Devils B ⁽⁵⁾	—	—	—
2017	Blue Devils ⁽¹⁸⁾	Vanguard Cadets ⁽⁵⁾	—	—	The Company United Kingdom
2018	Santa Clara Vanguard ⁽⁷⁾	Vanguard Cadets ⁽⁶⁾	—	—	Jubal ⁽³⁾

↑ Prior to 1988, corps from outside North America competed against other Open or A class corps even if they did not meet the age limit requirements.
↑ The 1978 Class A Champions Black Watch was also known as Black Watch Highland Regiment.
↑ Ventures won the combined Class A/All-Girl Championship in 1980.
↑ In 1988, DCI co-sponsored the US tour of the Dagenham Crusaders, from Dagenham, United Kingdom. The corps competed in Open Class as the British Crusaders, due to the inclusion of participants from other British drum corps. The Crusaders were announced as the 1988 International Class Champions ahead of the Blue Eagles from Basildon, United Kingdom, who competed in Class A the same year.
↑ In 2004 and 2005, DCI hosted a combined Division II/III Grand Championship. Intended for the twelve highest scoring corps in Divisions II and III. Spartans won both the 2004 Division II Championship and Division II/III Grand Championship.
↑ In 2005, Spartans won the Division II Championship, and East Coast Jazz won the Division II/III Grand Championship.

Corps with multiple championships

Corps	Total	World Class Division I Open Class	Open Class Division II^{[lower-alpha 6]} Class A	All-Girl	Division III Class A60	International
Blue Devils	18	18 ^{(2 ties)}
The Cadets	10	10^{[lower-alpha 7]} ^{(1 tie)}
Mandarins	8		1		7
The Cavaliers	7	7 ^{(1 tie)}
Santa Clara Vanguard	7	7 ^{(1 tie)}
Vanguard Cadets	6		6
Ventures	6		5	1
Blue Devils B	5		5
Spartans	5		5 ^{(1 tie)}
Taipei Yeuhfu	5					5
Blue Stars	4				4
Les Chatelaines	4		1	3
Yokohama Scouts	4					4
Jubal	3					3
Pioneer	3		2		1
St. Ignatius	3			3
Carolina Crown	2	1	1
East Coast Jazz	2		1 ^{(1 tie)} + 1^†
Madison Scouts	2	2
Phantom Regiment	2	2
Beatrix	2					2
St. Francis Xavier Sancians	2				2

† = East Coast Jazz tied for the 1998 Division II championship and won the 2005 Division II/III Grand Final.

Notes

↑ The American Legion Uniformed Groups Rules Congress was likely simultaneous with a meeting of the National Executive Committee, October 20–21, 1971. Several primary sources list the date as "November", others disagree saying "October".
↑ Drum Corps Midwest (DCM) was an independent association of drum corps, while Drum Corps East was operated by DCI.
↑ World Championship Open Class finals from 1975 to 1991, and Division I finals from 1992 to 2005.
↑ Prior to 2011, Open Class quarterfinals performances were broadcast. From 2011 onward, performances from the preliminary "all-skate" were broadcast.
↑ Drum corps are housed at middle schools and high schools over night, and often rehearse on school grounds prior to competitions.
↑ Including Division II/III Grand Championships.
↑ Four championship titles as the Garfield Cadets, three as the Cadets of Bergen County, and three as The Cadets.

References

1 2 3 Boo, Michael (2004-03-12). "Determination: Believing in the Midwest Combine". www.dci.org. Retrieved 2015-08-09.
1 2 3 Vickers, Steve, ed. (2002). A History of Drum and Bugle Corps. 1. Madison, Wisconsin: Sight & Sound, Inc. (published 2003).
↑ Blocher, Gregg. "1972 Season". fromthepressbox2.com. Retrieved 2018-09-14.
↑ "Details about". apps.irs.gov. EIN: 36-2754480. Retrieved 2018-09-14.
↑ "2016 Form 990" (PDF). 990s.foundationcenter.org. 2016. Retrieved 2018-09-14.
↑ "DCI Board of Directors". www.dci.org. Retrieved 2018-09-14.
↑ "Acheson renewed as DCI Chief Executive". www.dci.org. 2016-01-07. Retrieved 2018-09-14.
↑ "Kathy Black elected new DCI Board of Directors Chair". www.dci.org. 2018-05-18. Retrieved 2018-09-14.
↑ "Drum Corps International Corporate partners". www.dci.org. Retrieved 2018-09-14.
1 2 "DCI Policies and Procedures Manual". Issuu. Retrieved 2018-09-14.
1 2 "About Drum Corps International (DCI), Marching Music's Major League™". www.dci.org. Retrieved 2018-09-14.
↑ Tannert, Emily (2005-10-24). "The Ageout rule". www.dci.org. Retrieved 2014-09-14.
↑ "Shadow Drum and Bugle Corps | DRUM AND BUGLE CORPS". www.shadowdbc.org. Retrieved 2018-09-14.
↑ Boo, Michael (2003-08-22). "DCI broadcasts on PBS through history". www.dci.org. Retrieved 2018-09-14.
↑ "Coming soon to a theater near you: A larger-than-life DCI experience!". www.dci.org. 2004-04-23. Retrieved 2017-09-13.
↑ "Introducing the NEW Drum Corps International Fan Network". www.dci.org. 2008-05-14. Retrieved 2018-09-14.
↑ Gilley, Michael (2017-04-20). "FloSports Announces Multi-Year Agreement with Drum Corps International". FloMarching. Retrieved 2018-09-14.
↑ "Rondinaro's 40th broadcast in the "Air Chair"". Drum Corps International Field Pass (Podcast). Drum Corps International. 2018-08-08. Retrieved 2018-09-14.
↑ "Rules & FAQ - SoundSport®". SoundSport®. Retrieved 2018-09-14.
↑ Weber, Chris (2014-05-21). "Influx of Open Class corps approved to participate in 2014 DCI Tour". www.dci.org. Retrieved 2018-09-14.
1 2 Koenig, Kate (2015-05-14). "Three new Open Class corps set to join the 2015 DCI Tour". www.dci.org. Retrieved 2015-05-14.
↑ "Rules & FAQ - DrumLine Battle™". DrumLine Battle™. Retrieved 2018-09-14.
↑ Hollenhorst, Cecilia (2013-08-28). "DrumLine Battle fuels World Championships excitement". www.dci.org. Retrieved 2018-09-14.
1 2 "BANDtastic! Honor Bands - DCI". www.dci.org. Retrieved 2018-09-14.
↑ "INpact Indiana's Future Band". www.dci.org. 2016-04-19. Retrieved 2018-09-14.
↑ "BANDtastic! Georgia Honor Band". www.dci.org. 2016-04-19. Retrieved 2017-08-02.
↑ Neff, Andrea (2016-08-04). "BANDtastic Georgia brings middle schoolers to the drum corps scene". www.dci.org. Retrieved 2017-08-02.
↑ Boo, Michael (2007-09-23). "Speaking with one voice: The advent of 'Open Class'". www.dci.org. Retrieved 2007-09-24.
↑ "DCI Executive Committee approves formation of 'Open Class'". www.dci.org. 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-09-30.
↑ A History of Drum & Bugle Corps, Vols. 1 & 2; Steve Vickers; Drum Corps World; 2002 & 2003
↑ Boo, Michael (2003-07-17). "The Joy of small corps, part 1". www.dci.org. Retrieved 2018-09-14.
↑ "DCI Parents: Next Steps". www.dci.org. 2015-04-11. Retrieved 2018-09-14.
↑ "2018 DCI rules proposal voting results". www.dci.org. 2018-01-06. Retrieved 2018-09-14.
↑ Boo, Michael (2016-07-27). "Adjudication 101: Who judges what?". www.dci.org. Retrieved 2018-09-14.
↑ "Drum Corps International and City of Indianapolis announce 10-year contract extension". www.dci.org. 2015-08-06. Retrieved 2015-08-06.
↑ "DCI World Championships". DCX: The Drum Corps Xperience. Retrieved 14 September 2018.

External links

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[42] Prior to 1988, corps from outside North America competed against other Open or A class corps even if they did not meet the age limit requirements.

[43] The 1978 Class A Champions Black Watch was also known as Black Watch Highland Regiment.

[44] Ventures won the combined Class A/All-Girl Championship in 1980.

[45] In 1988, DCI co-sponsored the US tour of the Dagenham Crusaders, from Dagenham, United Kingdom. The corps competed in Open Class as the British Crusaders, due to the inclusion of participants from other British drum corps. The Crusaders were announced as the 1988 International Class Champions ahead of the Blue Eagles from Basildon, United Kingdom, who competed in Class A the same year.

[46] In 2004 and 2005, DCI hosted a combined Division II/III Grand Championship. Intended for the twelve highest scoring corps in Divisions II and III. Spartans won both the 2004 Division II Championship and Division II/III Grand Championship.

[47] In 2005, Spartans won the Division II Championship, and East Coast Jazz won the Division II/III Grand Championship.

[3] The American Legion Uniformed Groups Rules Congress was likely simultaneous with a meeting of the National Executive Committee, October 20–21, 1971. Several primary sources list the date as "November", others disagree saying "October".

[5] Drum Corps Midwest (DCM) was an independent association of drum corps, while Drum Corps East was operated by DCI.

[17] World Championship Open Class finals from 1975 to 1991, and Division I finals from 1992 to 2005.

[19] Prior to 2011, Open Class quarterfinals performances were broadcast. From 2011 onward, performances from the preliminary "all-skate" were broadcast.

[39] Drum corps are housed at middle schools and high schools over night, and often rehearse on school grounds prior to competitions.

[48] Including Division II/III Grand Championships.

[49] Four championship titles as the Garfield Cadets, three as the Cadets of Bergen County, and three as The Cadets.

[:0-1] 1 2 3 Boo, Michael (2004-03-12). "Determination: Believing in the Midwest Combine". www.dci.org. Retrieved 2015-08-09.

[:1-2] 1 2 3 Vickers, Steve, ed. (2002). A History of Drum and Bugle Corps. 1. Madison, Wisconsin: Sight & Sound, Inc. (published 2003).

[4] Blocher, Gregg. "1972 Season". fromthepressbox2.com. Retrieved 2018-09-14.

[6] "Details about". apps.irs.gov. EIN: 36-2754480. Retrieved 2018-09-14.

[7] "2016 Form 990" (PDF). 990s.foundationcenter.org. 2016. Retrieved 2018-09-14.

[8] "DCI Board of Directors". www.dci.org. Retrieved 2018-09-14.

[9] "Acheson renewed as DCI Chief Executive". www.dci.org. 2016-01-07. Retrieved 2018-09-14.

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