Diamine oxidase

Diamine oxidase
Ribbon representation of human diamine oxidase[1][2] (rendered with PyMOL)
Identifiers
EC number 1.4.3.22
Databases
IntEnz IntEnz view
BRENDA BRENDA entry
ExPASy NiceZyme view
KEGG KEGG entry
MetaCyc metabolic pathway
PRIAM profile
PDB structures RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene Ontology AmiGO / QuickGO

Diamine oxidase (DAO), also known as histaminase, is an enzyme (EC 1.4.3.22) involved in the metabolism, oxidation, and inactivation of histamine and other polyamines such as putrescine or spermidine in animals.

The highest levels of DAO expression are observed in the digestive tract and the placenta. In humans, a certain subtype of cells of the placenta, namely the extravillous trophoblasts, express the enzyme and secrete it into the blood stream of a pregnant woman. Lowered diamine oxidase values in maternal blood in early pregnancy might be an indication for trophoblast-related pregnancy disorders like early-onset preeclampsia.[3] Normally the enzyme is not or only very scarce present in the blood circulation of humans, but it increases vastly in pregnant women suggesting a protective mechanism against adverse histamine.[3] It is also secreted by eosinophils.[4][5] In case of a shortage of diamine oxidase in the human body, it may appear as an allergy or histamine intolerance.

References

  1. ↑ PDB: 3HI7​
  2. ↑ McGrath AP, Hilmer KM, Collyer CA, Shepard EM, Elmore BO, Brown DE, Dooley DM, Guss JM (2009). "Structure and inhibition of human diamine oxidase". Biochemistry. 48 (41): 9810–22. doi:10.1021/bi9014192. PMC 2791411. PMID 19764817.
  3. 1 2 Velicky P, Windsperger K, Petroczi K, Pils S, Reiter B, Weiss T, Vondra S, Ristl R, Dekan S, Fiala C, Cantonwine DE, McElrath TF, Jilma B, Knöfler M, Boehm T, Pollheimer J (2018). "Pregnancy-associated diamine oxidase originates from extravillous trophoblasts and is decreased in early-onset preeclampsia". Scientific Reports. 8 (6342). doi:10.1038/s41598-018-24652-0. PMID 29679053.
  4. ↑ Zeiger RS, Coltesn HR (1977). "Histaminase release from human eosinophils". Journal of Immunology. 118 (2): 540–3. PMID 402420.
  5. ↑ Agúndez JA, Ayuso P, Cornejo-García JA, Blanca M, Torres MJ, Doña I, Salas M, Blanca-López N, Canto G, Rondon C, Campo P, Laguna JJ, Fernández J, Martínez C, García-Martín E (2012). "The diamine oxidase gene is associated with hypersensitivity response to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs". PLoS ONE. 7 (11): e47571. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047571. PMC 3495953. PMID 23152756.


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