Dermacentor

Dermacentor
Dermacentor occidentalis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Arachnida
Subclass: Acari
Superorder: Parasitiformes
Order: Ixodida
Family: Ixodidae
Genus: Dermacentor
Koch, 1844 [1]
Type species
Dermacentor reticulatus
(Fabricius, 1794)

Dermacentor, also known as the American Levi tick, is a genus of ticks in the family Ixodidae, the hard ticks. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, with native species on all continents except Australia. Most occur in the Nearctic ecozone.[2]

Hosts of Dermacentor ticks include many large and small mammals, including horses, deer, cattle, lagomorphs, peccaries, porcupines, tapirs, desert bighorn sheep, and humans.[2] The American dog tick (D. variabilis) is a member of the genus.[3]

Dermacentor are vectors of many pathogens, including Rickettsia rickettsii, which causes the disease Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Coxiella burnetii, which causes Q fever, Anaplasma marginale, which causes anaplasmosis in cattle, Francisella tularensis, which causes tularemia, Babesia caballi, which causes equine piroplasmosis, and the Flavivirus that causes Powassan encephalitis.[2] Dermacentor ticks inject a neurotoxin that causes tick paralysis.[2]

Species

As of 2010, there are about 34 species in the genus.[4]

  • Dermacentor abaensis Teng, 1963
  • Dermacentor albipictus Packard, 1869 – winter tick
  • Dermacentor andersoni Stiles, 1908 – Rocky Mountain wood tick
  • Dermacentor asper Arthur, 1960
  • Dermacentor atrosignatus Neumann, 1906
  • Dermacentor auratus Supino, 1897
  • Dermacentor circumguttatus Neumann, 1897
  • Dermacentor compactus Neumann, 1901
  • Dermacentor confragus Schulze, 1933
  • Dermacentor dispar Cooley, 1937
  • Dermacentor dissimilis Cooley, 1947
  • Dermacentor everestianus Hirst, 1926
  • Dermacentor filippovae, Apanaskevich & Apanaskevich, 2015[5]
  • Dermacentor halli McIntosh, 1931
  • Dermacentor hunteri Bishopp, 1912
  • Dermacentor imitans Warburton 1933
  • Dermacentor latus Cooley, 1937
  • Dermacentor marginatus Sulzer, 1776
  • Dermacentor montanus Filippova & Panova, 1974
  • Dermacentor nitens Neumann, 1897
  • Dermacentor niveus Neumann 1897
  • Dermacentor nuttalli Olenev, 1928
  • Dermacentor occidentalis Marx, 1892
  • Dermacentor panamensis Apanaskevich & Bermúdez, 2013[6]
  • Dermacentor parumapertus Neumann, 1901
  • Dermacentor pavlovskyi Olenev 1927
  • Dermacentor pomerantzevi Serdyukova, 1951
  • Dermacentor raskemensis Pomerantsev, 1946
  • Dermacentor reticulatus Fabricius, 1794 – ornate cow tick, ornate dog tick, meadow tick and marsh tick
  • Dermacentor rhinocerinus Denny, 1843
  • Dermacentor silvarum Olenev 1931
  • Dermacentor sinicus Schulze, 1932
  • Dermacentor steini Schulze, 1933
  • Dermacentor taiwanensis Sugimoto, 1935
  • Dermacentor ushakovae Filippova & Panova 1987
  • Dermacentor variabilis Say, 1821 – wood tick, American dog tick

References

  1. ↑ Don R. Arthur (1960). "The genus Dermacentor: 1. General". The genera Dermacentor, Anocentor, Cosmiomma, Boophilus, Margaropus. Ticks. 5. Cambridge University Press. pp. 6–37.
  2. 1 2 3 4 C. E. Yunker; J. E. Keirans; C. M. Clifford; E. R. Easton (1986). "Dermacentor ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea: Ixodidae) of the New World: a scanning electron microscope atlas" (PDF). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 88 (4): 609–627.
  3. ↑ W. Chen; P. E. Kaufman (2008). "American Dog Tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say) (Arachnida: Ixodida: Ixodidae)". Entomology and Nematology. Florida Cooperative Extension Service. University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. EENY-443. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
  4. ↑ Alberto A. Guglielmone; Richard G. Robbing; Dmitry A. Apanaskevich; Trevor N. Petney; Agustín Estrada-Peña; Ivan G. Horak; Renfu Shao; Stephen C. Barker (2010). "The Argasidae, Ixodidae and Nuttalliellidae (Acari: Ixodida) of the world: a list of valid species names" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2528: 1–28.
  5. ↑ Dmitry A. Apanaskevich & Maria A. Apanaskevich. 2015. Description of a New Dermacentor (Acari: Ixodidae) Species from Thailand and Vietnam. Journal of Medical Entomology 52(5): 806-812. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjv067. Epub 2015 Jun 16.
  6. ↑ Dmitry A. Apanaskevich; Sergio E. Bermúdez (2013). "Description of a new Dermacentor (Acari: Ixodidae) species, a parasite of wild mammals in Central America". Journal of Medical Entomology. 50 (6): 1190–1201. doi:10.1603/ME13121.
  • S. J. Dergousoff; N. B. Chilton (2007). "Differentiation of three species of ixodid tick, Dermacentor andersoni, D. variabilis and D. albipictus, by PCR-based approaches using markers in ribosomal DNA". Molecular and Cellular Probes. 21 (5–6): 343–348. doi:10.1016/j.mcp.2007.04.003. PMID 17544620.


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