Oribatida

Oribatida
Unidentified mite (Phthiracaridae)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Subclass: Acari
Superorder: Acariformes
Order: Oribatida
Dugès, 1833
Suborders
Diversity
c. 200 families, 1,200 genera, 6,600 species
Synonyms

Cryptostigmata

Oribatida (formerly Cryptostigmata), also known as moss mites or beetle mites,[1] are an order of mites, in the "chewing Acariformes" clade Sarcoptiformes. They range in size from 0.2 to 1.4 millimetres (0.008 to 0.055 in).[1]

Oribatid mites generally have low metabolic rates, slow development and low fecundity.[1] Species are iteroparous with adults living a relatively long time; for example, estimates of development time from egg to adult vary from several months to two years in temperate forest soils.[1] Oribatid mites have six active instars: prelarva, larva, 3 nymphal instars and the adult.[1] All these stages after the prelarva feed on a wide variety of material including living and dead plant and fungal material, lichens and carrion; some are predatory, but none is parasitic and feeding habits may differ between immatures and adults of the same species. Many species have a mineralized exoskeleton.[2][3]

The Oribatida are of economic importance as hosts of various tapeworm species, and by increasing the breakdown of organic material in the soil, in a similar manner to earthworms.[4]

Systematics

Oribatida is divided into the following taxa:[5]

  • Palaeosomata Grandjean, 1969
  • Acaronychoidea Grandjean, 1932 (6 genera)
  • Acaronychidae Grandjean, 1932
  • Palaeacaroidea Grandjean, 1932 (8 genera)
  • Palaeacaridae Grandjean, 1932
  • Parhyposomata Balogh & Mahunka, 1979
  • Parhypochthonioidea Grandjean, 1969 (3 genera)
  • Parhypochthoniidae Grandjean, 1969
  • Gehypochthoniidae Strenzke, 1963
  • Elliptochthoniidae Norton, 1975
  • Hypochthonoidea Berlese, 1910 (c. 8 genera)
  • Hypochthoniidae Berlese, 1910
  • Eniochthoniidae Grandjean, 1947
  • Arborichthoniidae Balogh & Balogh, 1992
  • Brachychthonoidea Thor, 1934 (c. 11 genera)
  • Cosmochthonioidea Grandjean, 1947 (c. 14 genera)
  • Cosmochthoniidae Grandjean, 1947
  • Heterochthoniidae Grandjean, 1954
  • Haplochthoniidae Hammen, 1959
  • Pediculochelidae Lavoipierre, 1946
  • Sphaerochthoniidae Grandjean, 1947
  • Atopochthonioidea Grandjean, 1949 (3 genera)
  • Atopochthoniidae Grandjean, 1949
  • Pterochthoniidae Grandjean, 1950
  • Phyllochthoniidae Travé, 1967
  • Protoplophoroidea Ewing, 1917 (c. 7 genera)
  • Protoplophoridae Ewing, 1917
  • Mixonomata Grandjean, 1969
  • Dichosomata Balogh & Mahunka, 1979
  • Nehypochthonioidea Norton & Metz, 1980
  • Nehypochthoniidae Norton & Metz, 1980
  • Perlohmannioidea Grandjean, 1954
  • Perlohmaniidae Grandjean, 1954
  • Collohmanniidae Grandjean, 1958
  • Eulohmannioidea Grandjean, 1931
  • Eulohmanniidae Grandjean, 1931
  • Epilohmannioidea Oudemans, 1923
  • Epilohmanniidae Oudemans, 1923
  • Lohmannioidea Berlese, 1916
  • Euptyctima Grandjean, 1967
  • Mesoplophoroidea Ewing, 1917
  • Mesoplophoridae Ewing, 1917
  • Euphthiracaroidea Jacot, 1930
  • Phthiracaroidea Perty, 1841
  • Holosomata Grandjean, 1969
  • Nanhermannioidea Sellnick, 1928
  • Nanhermanniidae Sellnick, 1928
  • Hermannioidea Sellnick, 1928
  • Pycnonoticae Grandjean, 1954
  • Hermannielloidea Grandjean, 1934 (2 families)
  • Neoliodoidea Sellnick, 1928 (1 family)
  • Plateremaeoidea Trägårdh, 1926 (4 families)
  • Gymnodamaeoidea Grandjean, 1954 (2 families)
  • Damaeoidea Berlese, 1896 (1 family)
  • Polypterozetoidea Grandjean, 1959 (2 families)
  • Cepheoidea Berlese, 1896 (7 families)
  • Charassobatoidea Grandjean, 1958 (3 families)
  • Microzetoidea Grandjean, 1936 (1 family)
  • Zetorchestoidea Michael, 1898 (1 family)
  • Gustavioidea Oudemans, 1900 (8 families)
  • Eremaeoidea Oudemans, 1900 (4 families)
  • Amerobelboidea Grandjean, 1954 (10 families)
  • Eremelloidea Balogh, 1961 (7 families)
  • Oppioidea Sellnick, 1937 (12 families)
  • Trizetoidea Ewing, 1917 (6 families)
  • Otocepheoidea Balogh, 1961 (4 families)
  • Carabodoidea Koch, 1837 (3 families)
  • Tectocepheoidea Grandjean, 1954 (2 families)
  • Hydrozetoidea Grandjean, 1954 (1 family)
  • Ameronothroidea Willmann, 1931 (3 families)
  • Cymbaeremaeoidea Sellnick, 1928 (3 families)
  • Poronoticae Grandjean, 1954
  • Licneremaeoidea Grandjean, 1931 (6 families)
  • Phenopelopoidea Petrunkevitch, 1955 (1 family)
  • Unduloribatoidea Kunst, 1971 (3 families)
  • Limnozetoidea Thor, 1937 (2 families)
  • Achipterioidea Thor, 1929 (2 families)
  • Oribatelloidea Jacot, 1925 (3 families)
  • Ceratozetoidea Jacot, 1925 (5 families)
  • Zetomotrichoidea Grandjean, 1934 (1 family)
  • Oripodoidea Jacot, 1925 (19 families)
  • Galumnoidea Jacot, 1925 (3 families)

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Marjorie A. Hoy (2008). "Soil mites". In John L. Capinera. Encyclopedia of Entomology, Volume 1 (2nd ed.). Springer. pp. 3463–3466. ISBN 978-1-4020-6242-1.
  2. ↑ Mites: Ecology, Evolution & Behaviour: Life at a Microscale
  3. ↑ Calcium carbonate and calcium oxalate as cuticular hardening agents in oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida)
  4. ↑ Edward W. Baker & G. W. Wharton (1952). "Oribatei Dugès, 1833". An Introduction to Acarology. New York: Macmillan. pp. 387–438.
  5. ↑ Luis S. Subías (2007). "Listado sistemático, sinonímico y biogeográfico de los ácaros oribátidos (Acariformes: Oribatida) del mundo (Excepto fósiles)" [Systematic and biogeographic list, with synonymies, of the oribatid mites (Acariformes: Oribatida) of the world (excluding fossils)] (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved January 5, 2008.

Further reading

  • Krantz, G. W. (1978). A Manual of Acarology (2nd ed.). Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University. ISBN 978-0-88246-064-2.
  • Halliday, R. B.; D. E. Walter; H. C. Proctor; R. A. Norton; M. J. Colloff, eds. (2001). Acarology, Proceedings of the 10th International Congress. Melbourne: CSIRO Publishing. pp. 1–960. ISBN 0-643-06658-6.
  • Walter, D. E. & H. C. Proctor (2001). Mites in Soil, An interactive key to mites and other soil microarthropods. ABRS Identification Series. Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing. ISBN 978-0-643-06790-5.
  • Woolley, Tyler A. (1988). Acarology: Mites and Human Welfare. New York, NY: Wiley Interscience. ISBN 978-0-471-04168-9.
  • Niedbala, Wojciech (1992). Phthiracaroidea (Acari, Oribatida): Systematic Studies. Warsaw, Poland: PWN + Elsevier. ISBN 978-8-301-09740-0.
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