List of volcanic eruptions by death toll

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Volcanic eruptions can be highly explosive, volatile, or neither. Certain volcanoes have undergone catastrophic eruptions, killing large numbers of humans, and this incomplete list attempts to document those volcanic eruptions by death toll.

Volcanic eruptions

Death toll Volcano Location Year Source(s)
1 71,000+ (regarded as having caused the Year Without a Summer creating famines in Europe and America)Mount TamboraIndonesia1815[1]
2 36,000+KrakatoaIndonesia1883[2]
3 30,000Mount PeléeMartinique1902[3]
4 23,000Nevado del RuizColombia1985[4]
5 15,000Mount UnzenJapan1792[5]
6 13,000+Mount VesuviusItaly79[6]
7 10,000+ (particulate and sulphur emissions caused widespread deaths and famines throughout Europe and Africa)GrímsvötnIceland1783[7]
10,000KeludIndonesia1586
9 6,000Santa MariaGuatemala1902[8]
10 5,000KeludIndonesia1919[9]
11 4,011Mount GalunggungIndonesia1822[10]
12 3,500El ChichónMexico1982
13 3,360Mount VesuviusItaly1631
14 2,942Mount LamingtonPapua New Guinea1951
15 2,000Tseax ConeCanada1700~
16 1,680SoufrièreSt. Vincent1902
17 1,584Mount AgungIndonesia1963
18 1,500 (atmospheric particulates may have contributed to the Russian famine of 1601–03)HuaynaputinaPeru1600[11][12]
1,500Mount EtnaItaly1669
20 1,369Mount MerapiIndonesia1930
21 1,335Mount MayonPhilippines1897
22 1,151Mount AsamaJapan1783
23 1,000Nevado del RuizColombia1845
CotopaxiEcuador1877
25 847Mount PinatuboPhilippines1991
26 600Nevado del RuizColombia1595
27 400+KilaueaKingdom of Hawai'i1790[13]
28 353Mount MerapiIndonesia2010
29 245NyiragongoDemocratic Republic of the Congo2002
30 159Volcán de FuegoGuatemala2018[14]
31 151Mount RuapehuNew Zealand1945
32 150Mount TaraweraNew Zealand1886
Tori-shimaJapan1902[15]
34 144 (official confirmed)Mount TokachiJapan1926[16]
35 87Volcán ArenalCosta Rica1968
36 70NyiragongoDemocratic Republic of the Congo1977
37 63Mount OntakeJapan2014[17]
38 57Mount St. HelensUnited States1980
39 43Mount UnzenJapan1991
40 31Nabro VolcanoEritrea2011[18]
41 19Soufrière HillsMontserrat1997[19]
42 18GalunggungIndonesia1982
43 16SinabungIndonesia2014[20]
44 9GalerasColombia1993[21]
45 5Mount HudsonChile1971
46 4Jebel at TairYemen2007[22]
47 3PacayaGuatemala2010
48 1EldfellIceland1973[23][24]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Oppenheimer, Clive (1 June 2003). "Climatic, environmental and human consequences of the largest known historic eruption: Tambora volcano (Indonesia) 1815". Progress in Physical Geography. pp. 230–259. doi:10.1191/0309133303pp379ra.
  2. ↑ "Krakatoa Volcano: Facts About Deadly Eruption". Live Science.
  3. ↑ "Benchmarks: May 8, 1902: The deadly eruption of Mount Pelée | EARTH Magazine". www.earthmagazine.org.
  4. ↑ "BBC ON THIS DAY | 13 | 1985: Volcano kills thousands in Colombia". news.bbc.co.uk.
  5. ↑ "Mount Unzen eruption of 1792 | Japanese history". Encyclopædia Britannica.
  6. ↑ "Vesuvius erupts - Aug 24, 79 - HISTORY.com". history.com.
  7. ↑ "Local and Global Impacts of the 1783-84 Laki Eruption in Iceland". Wired.
  8. ↑ "What is the largest eruption ever? | Volcano World | Oregon State University". volcano.oregonstate.edu.
  9. ↑ "Indonesia's Mount Kelut Erupts : Natural Hazards". earthobservatory.nasa.gov. 14 February 2014.
  10. ↑ "Galunggung | Volcano World | Oregon State University". volcano.oregonstate.edu.
  11. ↑ "Firing the sky". www.thehindu.com. 18 February 2016. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  12. ↑ Zijlstra, Albert (30 June 2017). "The winter of Huaynaputina". volcanocafe.org. Retrieved 9 Feb 2018.
  13. ↑ Israel, Brett. "Kilauea Volcano's Deadliest Eruption Revealed". Live Science. Retrieved 11 May 2018.
  14. ↑ "Guatemala volcano death toll hiked to 159, 256 people still missing". Al Dia Culture. EFE. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  15. ↑ "INHABITANTS OF ISLAND ALL KILLED BY VOLCANO:; The 150 Japanese Residents of Torishima Dead -- Eruption Still Proceeding" (PDF).
  16. ↑ [ja:十勝岳#噴火史#大正噴火] Retrieved 19 June, 2018.
  17. ↑ "Ontake victims mourned a month after eruption as tourism industry scrambles to recover". The Japan Times Online. 27 October 2014.
  18. ↑ "Thousands need aid after volcano eruption". IRIN. 6 July 2011.
  19. ↑ "The victims of Montserrat's volcano tragedy deserve an investigation". The Guardian. 25 June 2012.
  20. ↑ "Indonesian volcano Mount Sinabung eruption causes 16 deaths". The Independent. 2 February 2014.
  21. ↑ "Eruption: A Survivor's Tale | Scholastic.com". Scholastic Teachers.
  22. ↑ Siebert, L.; et al. (2010). Volcanoes of the World (3rd edition). Smithsonian Institution and University of California Press. p. 347. ISBN 978-0-520-26877-7.
  23. ↑ "Deadly Gases". Oregon State University.
  24. ↑ "Which Way The Wind Blows - The Reykjavik Grapevine". The Reykjavik Grapevine. 26 September 2014.
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