Dall sheep

Dall sheep
Dall ram in Denali National Park in Alaska
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Mammalia
Order:Artiodactyla
Family:Bovidae
Subfamily:Caprinae
Genus:Ovis
Species: O. dalli
Binomial name
Ovis dalli
Nelson, 1884
Subspecies
  • O. d. dalli Dall sheep
  • O. d. stonei Stone sheep

The thinhorn sheep[2] (Ovis dalli)[3] is a species of sheep native to northwestern North America, ranging from white to slate brown in colour and having curved, yellowish-brown horns. The two subspecies are the nominate Dall sheep or Dall's sheep and the more southern subspecies, Stone sheep (also spelled Stone's sheep) (O. d. stonei), which is a slate brown with some white patches on the rump and inside the hind legs.

Taxonomy and genetics

Research has shown the use of these subspecies designations is questionable. Complete colour integradation occurs between white and dark morphs of the species with intermediately coloured populations, called Fannin sheep (O. d. fannini), found in the Pelly Mountains and Ogilvie Mountains of the Yukon Territory.[4] Mitochondrial DNA evidence has shown no molecular division along current subspecies boundaries,[5] although evidence from nuclear DNA may provide some support.[6] Also at the species level, current taxonomy is questionable because hybridization between O. dalli and O. canadensis has been recorded in recent evolutionary history.[5]

The latter half of the Latin name dalli is derived from William Healey Dall (1845–1927), an American naturalist. The common name Dall sheep or Dall's sheep is often used to refer to the species O. dalli. An alternative use of common name terminology is that thinhorn sheep refers to the species O. dalli, while Dall's sheep and Stone's sheep refer to subspecies O. d. dalli and O. d. stonei, respectively.

Natural history

Ecology

The sheep inhabit the subarctic mountain ranges of Alaska, the Yukon Territory, the Mackenzie Mountains in the western Northwest Territories, and central and northern British Columbia. Dall sheep are found in relatively dry country and try to stay in a special combination of open alpine ridges, meadows, and steep slopes with extremely rugged ground in the immediate vicinity, to allow escape from predators that cannot travel quickly through such terrain.

Male Dall sheep have thick, curling horns. The females have shorter, more slender, slightly curved horns. Males live in bands which seldom associate with female groups except during the mating season in late November and early December. Lambs are born in May.

During the summer when food is abundant, the sheep eat a wide variety of plants. The winter diet is much more limited, and consists primarily of dry, frozen grass and sedge stems available when snow is blown off, lichen, and moss. Many Dall sheep populations visit mineral licks during the spring, and often travel many miles to eat the soil around the licks.[7]

Primary predators of this sheep are wolf packs, coyotes, black bears, and grizzly bears; golden eagles are predators of the young. The Dall sheep has been known to butt gray wolves off the face of cliffs.

Dall sheep can often be observed along the Alaska Highway at Muncho Lake in British Columbia, along the Seward Highway South of Anchorage, AK, within Denali National Park and Preserve (which was created in 1917 to preserve Dall sheep from overhunting), at Sheep Mountain in Kluane National Park and Reserve and near Faro, Yukon (Fannin's sheep).

References

  1. ↑ Festa-Bianchet, M. (2008). "Ovis dalli". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2008: e.T39250A10179389. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T39250A10179389.en. Retrieved 11 January 2018. Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of least concern.
  2. ↑ Thinhorn sheep (Ovis dalli), Arkive.org
  3. ↑ Thinhorn Sheep (Ovis dalli), Yukon Wildlife Preserve
  4. ↑ Sheldon, C. (1911). The Wilderness of the Upper Yukon. First edition. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.
  5. 1 2 Loehr, J.; K. Worley; A. Grapputo; J. Carey; A. Veitch; D. W. Coltman (2006). "Evidence for cryptic glacial refugia from North American mountain sheep mitochondrial DNA". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 19: 419–430. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.01027.x. PMID 16599918.
  6. ↑ Worley, K.; Strobeck, C.; Arthur, S.; Carey, J.; Schwantje, H.; Veitch, A. & Coltman, D.W. (2004). "Population genetic structure of North American thinhorn sheep Ovis dalli" (PDF). Molecular Ecology. 13 (9): 2545–2556. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02248.x. PMID 15315669. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-29.
  7. ↑ Home Page, Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Adfg.state.ak.us. Retrieved on 2011-09-16.

Further reading

  • Banfield, A.W.F. (1974). The Mammals of Canada. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-2137-9
  • Ovis dalli. Brower and Leslie
  • Smithsonian Institution - North American Mammals: Ovis dalli
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