Crystal Cathedral

Coordinates: 33°47′15″N 117°53′56″W / 33.787396°N 117.898933°W / 33.787396; -117.898933

Crystal Cathedral
Christ Cathedral
(2007)
Country United States
Denomination Roman Catholic
Previous denomination Reformed Church in America (1980–2012)
Website christcathedralcalifornia.org
History
Founded 1955
Founder(s) Robert H. Schuller
Dedicated 1980
Architecture
Architect(s) Philip Johnson
Style Postmodern architecture
Administration
Diocese Orange
Church interior in 2005

The Crystal Cathedral is a church building of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Orange in Garden Grove, Orange County, California, in the United States. The reflective glass building, designed by postmodern American architect Philip Johnson, seats 2,736 people.[1] The church was "touted as the largest glass building in the world when it was completed in 1981".[2] The building has one of the largest musical instruments in the world, the Hazel Wright Memorial organ.[3][4]

Until 2013, the building had been the principal place of worship for Crystal Cathedral Ministries (now Shepherd's Grove), a congregation of the Reformed Church in America, founded in 1955 by Robert H. Schuller. Crystal Cathedral Ministries filed for bankruptcy in October 2010 and in February 2012 sold the building and its adjacent campus to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Orange for use as the diocese's new cathedral. The building, especially the interior, is currently being renovated to accommodate the Roman Catholic liturgy, whilst maintaining some of its signature architectural features. It is due to re-open in early 2019,[5] after which the building will be consecrated and formally renamed Christ Cathedral, the seat of the Diocese of Orange.[6][7][8]

History

Origins and construction

The Garden Grove Community Church was founded in 1955 by Robert H. Schuller and his wife Arvella.[9] An affiliate of the Reformed Church in America, the church first held services in space rented from the Orange Drive-In Theatre.

In 1961, the congregation moved to a new sanctuary designed by architect Richard Neutra. In 1968, the congregation completed the Tower of Hope to provide office and classroom space but continued growth led to the need for a new facility. Schuller envisioned a unique facility with walls made of glass and commissioned architect Philip Johnson. The design was an outgrowth of Johnson's reexamination of German expressionist architect Hermann Finsterlin.[10] Construction of the Crystal Cathedral began in 1977 and was completed in 1980, built at a cost of $18 million.[11] The signature rectangular panes of glass comprising the building are not bolted to the structure; they are glued to it using a silicone-based glue. This and other measures are intended to allow the building to withstand an earthquake of magnitude 8.0. The building was constructed using over 10,000 rectangular panes of glass.[12]

Upon moving from the old Neutra sanctuary to the new Johnson sanctuary in 1981, the congregation changed its name to the "Crystal Cathedral" – an alliteration derived from the appearance of the building. In fact, the building was neither made of crystal nor intended to be a true cathedral – that is, a church that houses a bishop's official seat (cathedra) – by that congregation. The congregation added the Prayer Spire in 1990.[13]

2010 bankruptcy

Beginning in 2010, creditors of Crystal Cathedral Ministries filed lawsuits to collect money due to them for providing goods, services and broadcasting The Hour of Power weekly TV show. A board member said that the total debt was $55 million.[14][15]

Prayer Spire in 2009

The church's board filed for bankruptcy October 18, 2010, citing $43 million in debt including a $36 million mortgage and $7.5 million in other debt. Church officials said that they had been trying to negotiate payments but after several suits were filed and writs of attachment were granted the church had to declare bankruptcy.[16]

The church received offers from a real estate investment group and nearby Chapman University.[17]

Purchase by the Diocese of Orange

On July 7, 2011, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Orange, which had long been seeking to build a new and larger cathedral in or around announced that it was "potentially interested" in buying the church campus for future use as its diocesan cathedral.[18] Two weeks later, the diocese increased its initial offer of $50 million to $53.6 million which included a lease-back provision at below market rates for a period of time.[19] On November 17, 2011, a federal judge approved selling the Crystal Cathedral to the Diocese of Orange for $57.5 million.[20][21]

Days after the judge's ruling, Italian newspaper La Stampa used a picture of the Crystal Cathedral to illustrate an article reporting on the establishment of a Vatican commission "to put a stop to garage style churches, boldly shaped structures that risk denaturing modern places for Catholic worship".[22][23] The Vatican approved the use of the building two weeks after the judge's ruling.[24]

The sale to the diocese was finalized on February 3, 2012. Under the terms, Crystal Cathedral Ministries was allowed to lease most of the campus including the church for up to three years; the diocese offered Crystal Cathedral Ministries a longer-term lease at nearby St. Callistus Church, a parish the diocese later transferred to the Crystal Cathedral campus.[25][26] The transfer of the cemetery located on the campus was immediate, and the diocese established offices on the campus soon after.[26] Tod Brown, Bishop of Orange at the time, stated that the diocese would hire an architect to renovate the interior of the facility "so it will be suitable for a Catholic place of worship", but does not intend to substantially change the exterior.[27]

The church in 2011

On June 9, 2012, the diocese announced that the new parish would be known as "Christ Cathedral" when it becomes the diocese's new cathedral,[28] and that Fr. Christopher Smith will be its episcopal vicar.[29] The parish's new patronal name was designated by the Holy See, while suggestions were also taken from the diocese and its members.[30] In October 2012, the diocese held its first event at the Cathedral, the 7th Orange County Catholic Prayer Breakfast. Although prayer was held as part of the event, the diocese cannot officially hold Masses there until it is consecrated (which will occur following completion) [8]

Crystal Cathedral Ministries held its final worship service at the building on June 30, 2013.[31] That congregation held its first service at the nearby Shepherd's Grove, the campus of the former St. Callistus Church, on July 7, 2013. The new location is 12921 Lewis Street at Garden Grove Boulevard, one mile south of the Crystal Cathedral building. At the same time, St. Callistus Parish moved to the Crystal Cathedral campus and began holding Masses there. St. Callistus Catholic school moved into the former Crystal Cathedral Academy facility, changing its name to Christ Cathedral Academy, in September 2013.[32] St. Callistus Parish currently holds Masses in the arboretum on the Crystal Cathedral campus until renovation of the main church building is complete.[5]

On September 24, 2014, the diocese released its proposed redesign plans for the building, including extensive changes to the interior intended to make the building more suitable for the "altar-centered" Catholic ritual while retaining some qualities of the original design. Among the changes, the glass walls will be lined with angled "petals" that will reduce the amount of outside light, deemed as being distracting from the altar.[33] At the same time, the petals will include exterior lights to enhance the building's visibility at night, producing an effect described as a "box of stars". The route from the parking lot to the plaza will be lined with crape myrtle trees, symbolizing the "beginning" of holiness in progression to the altar. The Hazel Wright Organ was disassembled and shipped back to Italy for an extensive restoration; it will also be painted white so that it will not distract from the altar.[34][7][35]

From the proceeds of a "For Christ Forever" fundraising campaign held in 2012, the diocese allocated $59 million towards the cost of renovating the cathedral. However, it was later found that the estimates were reached without "serious study or professional recommendations"; in July 2016, it was estimated that the total cost of the renovations, as originally planned, would actually be $108 million. The diocese established a taskforce to reduce the cost of the project to $72 million, which was accomplished by using a marble veneer altar instead of solid marble, using a lower-cost source of stone of an equivalent quality rather than importing it from Italy, and planning to "keep the bones of the building intact".[36] Construction began on June 1, 2017 and is expected to be completed in early-2019.[5] At that time, its bishop will solemnly dedicate the former Crystal Cathedral building as Christ Cathedral, and St. Callistus parish will assume that name.[37][7]

Organ

The church's 273 rank, five manual pipe organ is the fifth largest in the world.[4] Constructed by Fratelli Ruffatti and based on specifications by Virgil Fox and expanded by Frederick Swann, the instrument incorporates the large Aeolian-Skinner pipe organ built in 1962 for New York's Philharmonic Hall (now David Geffen Hall), and the Ruffatti organ which had been installed in the church's previous sanctuary. Swann was organist at the Crystal Cathedral from 1982 to 1998. Following the Crystal Cathedral's final Hour of Power in June 2013, the organ was dismantled for a $2 million refurbishing led by Ruffatti, and will be reinstalled as part of the building's overall renovations.[38][7][5]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Rojas, Rick (November 26, 2013). "Catholic Renovation of Crystal Cathedral to Begin". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  2. ↑ David Ferrell (April 6, 2015). "Crystal Cathedral founder Robert Schuller achieved his vision, but couldn't sustain it". Orange County Register.
  3. ↑ Epstein, Benjamin (May 15, 1996). "Crystal Clear Devotion: Cathedral's Organist Will Be Happy to Solo With Four Seasons Symphony on Home Turf". Los Angeles Times.
  4. 1 2 "The Top 20 – The World's Largest Pipe Organs". Sacred Classics. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Baharath, Deepa (May 19, 2017). "Diocese picks contractor for Christ Cathedral's $72 million reconstruction project". Orange County Register. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
  6. ↑ Desmond, Joan Frawley (August 19, 2013). "The Crystal Cathedral Becomes Christ Cathedral". National Catholic Register. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Esquivel, Paloma (September 24, 2014). "Diocese of Orange unveils planned alterations for former Crystal Cathedral". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 25, 2014.
  8. 1 2 "Catholics stage first event at Crystal Cathedral". Orange County Register. 2012-10-11. Retrieved 2018-09-09.
  9. ↑ Taxin, Amy (October 18, 2010). "Crystal Cathedral Bankruptcy: Megachurch Files For Chapter 11". Huffington Post. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  10. ↑ "Da Monsta". The Glass House. Retrieved 2014-10-03.
  11. ↑ Lindsey, Robert (May 15, 1980). "Opening of Glass Cathedral Is a Feast for Eyes and Ears" (PDF). The New York Times. p. A20. Retrieved March 5, 2010. (Subscription required (help)).
  12. ↑ "Garden Grove Church". GreatBuildings.com. 1979. Retrieved April 1, 2015.
  13. ↑ Smith, Lynn (September 18, 1990). "Garden Grove : Architects Praise Spire at Cathedral". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 1, 2015.
  14. ↑ "Crystal Cathedral Owes $7.5M To Small Business Owners". KCBS-TV News. October 16, 2010. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  15. ↑ Bharath, Deepa (May 15, 2014). "Crystal Cathedral, creditors at $7.5 million impasse". The Orange County Register. Retrieved November 18, 2011.
  16. ↑ Cathcart, Rebecca (October 18, 2010). "California's Crystal Cathedral Files for Bankruptcy". The New York Times. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  17. ↑ Bharath, Deepa (May 26, 2011). "Crystal Cathedral to be sold to pay millions in debt". The Orange County Register. Retrieved May 27, 2011.
  18. ↑ Medlin, Marianne (July 8, 2011). "Southern California diocese considers buying Crystal Cathedral". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  19. ↑ "Orange diocese increases bid for Crystal Cathedral". National Catholic Reporter. Catholic News Agency. August 15, 2011. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  20. ↑ Taxin, Amy (November 17, 2011). "Crystal Cathedral to be sold to Catholic diocese". The Seattle Times. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 4 December 2013. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  21. ↑ Taxin, Amy (17 November 2011). "Judge approves Crystal Cathedral sale to diocese". San Diego Union Tribune. Archived from the original on 14 June 2018. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
  22. ↑ Tornielli, Andrea (November 21, 2011). "New Vatican commission cracks down on church architecture". La Stampa. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  23. ↑ "Cement cubes, glass boxes, crazy shapes". California Catholic Daily. November 22, 2011. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  24. ↑ Gibson, David (January 6, 2012). "Some see Crystal Cathedral's purchase by Catholic diocese as calculated risk". Baptist Standard. Religion News Service. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  25. ↑ Campbell, Ronald (February 4, 2012). "Crystal Cathedral is sold". The Orange County Register. p. Local 1. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  26. 1 2 "Diocese of Orange Formally Acquires Crystal Cathedral and Adjacent Campus". Diocese of Orange. February 3, 2012. Archived from the original on February 4, 2012.
  27. ↑ Medlin, Marianne (November 30, 2011). "A true miracle!". California Catholic Daily. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  28. ↑ Palmer, Melissa (June 9, 2012). "Landmark Crystal Cathedral gets a new name – Christ Cathedral". NBC News. Archived from the original on June 15, 2012. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  29. ↑ "Catholic Diocese of Orange Announces Cathedral Name" (Press release). Diocese of Orange. June 9, 2012. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  30. ↑ Cruz, Nicole Santa (February 3, 2012). "Diocese of Orange officially takes over Crystal Cathedral". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  31. ↑ Rokhy, Ron (June 30, 2014). "Crystal Cathedral Holds Last Service Before Relocating". NBC Los Angeles. NBCUnviersal Media, LLC. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  32. ↑ Morino, Douglas (September 9, 2013). "Catholic schoolchildren move into former Crystal Cathedral". Orange County Register. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  33. ↑ Hawthorne, Christopher (November 17, 2016). "The Crystal Cathedral redesign: Why tasteful updates add up to architectural disappointment". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  34. ↑ "Christ Cathedral organ getting dismantled for Italy trip". Orange County Register. 2014-01-31. Retrieved 2018-01-18.
  35. ↑ "Redesigned Christ Cathedral: 'You'll be able to see it from a long, long way'". Orange County Register. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
  36. ↑ "Changing course: Diocese works to trim price tag of renovating iconic Christ Cathedral". Orange County Register. 2016-04-23. Retrieved 2018-01-17.
  37. ↑ Do, Anh (June 29, 2013). "St. Callistus Catholic Church moves to Crystal Cathedral site". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  38. ↑ Berg, Tom (May 17, 2013). "How will church fix Cathedral's organ?". Orange County Register. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
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