Butyraldehyde

Butyraldehyde[1]
Names
IUPAC name
Butanal
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.004.225
KEGG
UNII
Properties
C4H8O
Molar mass 72.11 g/mol
Appearance colorless liquid
Odor pungent, aldehyde odor
Density 0.8016 g/mL
Melting point −96.86 °C (−142.35 °F; 176.29 K)
Boiling point 74.8 °C (166.6 °F; 347.9 K)
7.6 g/100 mL (20 °C)
Solubility miscible with ethanol, ether, toluene
very soluble in acetone, benzene
slightly soluble in chloroform
log P 0.88
-46,08·10−6 cm3/mol
1.3766
Viscosity 0.45 cP (20 °C)
2.72 D
Thermochemistry
2470.34 kJ/mol
Hazards
Safety data sheet Sigma-Aldrich
Flammable (F)
R-phrases (outdated) R11
S-phrases (outdated) (S2), S9, S29, S33
NFPA 704
Flammability code 3: Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Flash point between 23 and 38 °C (73 and 100 °F). E.g., gasolineHealth code 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g., chlorine gasReactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g., liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
3
3
0
Flash point −7 °C (19 °F; 266 K)
230 °C (446 °F; 503 K)
Explosive limits 1.9–12.5%
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
2490 mg/kg (rat, oral)
Related compounds
Related aldehyde
 Propionaldehyde
Pentanal
Related compounds
 Butan-1-ol
Butyric acid, isobutyraldehyde
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Butyraldehyde, also known as butanal, is an organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)2CHO. This compound is the aldehyde derivative of butane. It is a colourless flammable liquid with an acrid smell. It is miscible with most organic solvents.

Production

Butyraldehyde is produced almost exclusively by the hydroformylation of propylene:

CH3CH=CH2 + H2 + CO → CH3CH2CH2CHO

Traditionally, hydroformylation was catalyzed by cobalt carbonyl and later rhodium complexes of triphenylphosphine. The dominant technology involves the use of rhodium catalysts derived from the water-soluble ligand Tppts. An aqueous solution of the rhodium catalyst converts the propylene to the aldehyde, which forms a lighter immiscible phase. About 6 billion kilograms are produced annually by hydroformylation. A significant application is its conversion to 2-ethylhexanol for production of plasticizers.

A major use of butyraldehyde is in the production of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, a major plasticizer.

Butyraldehyde can be produced by the catalytic dehydrogenation of n-butanol. At one time, it was produced industrially by the catalytic hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde, which is derived from acetaldehyde.[2]

Upon prolonged exposure to air, butyraldehyde oxidizes to form butyric acid.

References

  1. ↑ Merck Index, 11th Edition, 1591
  2. ↑ Boy Cornils, Richard W. Fischer, Christian Kohlpaintner "Butanals" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2000, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a04_447
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