British Columbia electoral reform referendum, 2018

British Columbia electoral reform referendum
Which system should British Columbia use for provincial elections?
Location British Columbia, Canada
Date October 22, 2018 (2018-10-22) – November 30, 2018 (2018-11-30)
Results by electoral district
 
Results
The current First Past the Post voting system
 
 0%
A proportional representation voting system
 
 0%

A referendum on electoral reform will take place by postal ballot between October 22 and November 30, 2018, in the Canadian province of British Columbia. This will be British Columbia's third referendum on electoral reform.

Voters will be asked two questions: first, what electoral system should be used to determine election results—the existing first-past-the-post (FPTP) system or a proportional representation (PR) system; and second, what type of proportional voting system should be used if PR is chosen. In the second question, voters will be asked to rank three proportional representation voting systems: dual-member proportional representation, mixed-member proportional representation, and rural–urban proportional representation.

The referendum fulfils an election commitment by the British Columbia New Democratic Party (NDP) during the 2017 election. Their platform promised a referendum and that the government would actively campaign for electoral reform.

Background

BC has a long history of changing its electoral system. For BC's first election in 1871, the majority of ridings were elected using an "at large" system. This is the way city councillors are elected in BC to this day: a voter gets as many votes as there were people to be elected in the riding.[1]

Over its history, BC modified its electoral system at least 15 times without a referendum.[1] It previously used an alternative voting system in the 1952 provincial election before abolishing it and reestabishing first-past-the-post.[2][3] The first BC election done entirely under first-past-the-post came in 1991, when the last of "at-large" voting districts were abolished.[4][5]

Previous referendums

Before the 2001 provincial election, the BC Liberal Party committed to appoint a Citizens' Assembly to investigate electoral reform, hold consultations, and prepare a report recommending whether another electoral system should be adopted.[6] The commitment was driven in part by the anomalous provincial election result in 1996, in which the BC New Democratic Party won reelection as a majority government with 39.5% of the vote and 39 seats, despite gaining a 3% smaller share of the popular vote than the Liberals at 41.8%, which translated into 33 Liberal seats.[7] In December 2004, the Assembly released its report recommending that the province adopt BC-STV, a BC-specific variant of the single transferable vote (STV) system.[6] On May 17, 2005, a referendum was held in conjunction with the 2005 general election, in which voters were asked whether the province should adopt the recommendation of the Assembly to replace the first-past-the-post electoral system with BC-STV, or maintain the current system. While 57.7% of the electorate voted in favour of BC-STV, including a majority of voters in 77 of 79 ridings, its support failed to reach the 60% threshold set by the government and it was not adopted.[8]

Following the 2005 referendum, British Columbia held a second referendum on electoral reform in conjunction with the provincial election on May 12, 2009. It was the most recent referendum on electoral reform that has been held in British Columbia. As in 2005, voters in 2009 were asked to provide their opinions on the BC-STV electoral system proposed by the British Columbia Citizen's Assembly on Electoral Reform to ensure more proportional representation in the provincial Legislative Assembly. British Columbians were asked which electoral system should be used to elect legislators: the existing first-past-the-post electoral system or the proposed BC-STV system.

The adoption of BC-STV in the 2009 referendum was defeated, with 60.9% voting against the reform and 39.09% of voters supporting the change.[9]

Intervening federal developments

During the 2015 federal election, Justin Trudeau and the Liberal Party of Canada campaigned on the promise that it would be the last federal election under the first-past-the-post electoral system. The party's platform stated that a Liberal government would form an all-party Parliamentary committee, and introduce legislation within 18 months enacting electoral reform.[10][11] On December 1, 2016, the House of Commons of Canada Special Committee on Electoral Reform released its report recommending Canada hold a referendum to adopt a proportional representation voting system for federal elections.[12] Several months later, the government announced that it was no longer pursuing electoral reform.[13][14]

Origin of third referendum

During the 2017 provincial election, both the NDP and the Green Party campaigned for PR and included the policy in their election platforms.[15][16][17] On May 29, 2017, approximately three weeks after the election resulted in a BC Liberal minority government, the NDP and Green caucuses signed a supply and confidence agreement.[18] The agreement included a section on PR, in which the parties agreed to put the issue to a referendum and that both parties would actively campaign for PR in the referendum.[19][20] On June 22, 2017, the Liberal government tabled its throne speech, adopting the opposition parties' policy to hold a third referendum on electoral reform.[21][22] On June 29, 2017, the BC Liberal government was defeated in a confidence vote. Lieutenant Governor Judith Guichon then invited the NDP to form a minority government with Green support.[23]

On November 30, 2017, the Electoral Reform Referendum 2018 Act was passed into law.[24] It required the referendum to be held and authorized Cabinet to make various regulations.[25]

Consultation and implementation

Between November 2017 and February 2018, Attorney General David Eby conducted a public consultation entitled "How We Vote".[26] On May 30, 2018, he released the report on the consultation and recommendations concerning how the referendum process should be conducted.[27][28][29] Cabinet accepted the recommendations shortly thereafter, in early June.[30][31] Later in June, Vote PR BC launched their campaign for proportional representation, canvassing in cities across the province.[32][33]

Elections BC reviewed the referendum questions in June. On June 18, Chief Electoral Officer Anton Boegman wrote to the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly advising that in his view both questions were simple and clear enough for voters to understand. He also made recommendations for small changes to the questions.[34][35] On June 22, 2018, the government released the regulations governing the referendum.[36] The regulations adopted the changes to the question proposed by the Chief Electoral Officer, and set down other rules governing the campaign.[37][38]

ICBA lawsuit

On June 28, 2018, the Independent Contractors and Business Association (ICBA)—a lobby group for the construction industry— filed a lawsuit seeking an injunction to stop the referendum, or alternatively, to strike down the campaign financing rules governing the referendum.[39][40] The lawsuit contains various complaints about the process, the referendum, and the systems on the ballot.[40] In response, NDP MLA Bob D'Eith called the lawsuit an attempt to stop people from having a choice in their electoral system, and said ICBA does not want "ordinary people to have a stronger voice in the elections and I think they're desperate to hang on to the status quo".[41] The Ministry of the Attorney General is defending the legislation in court.[42] The official campaign began July 1, 2018.[36] On July 17, 2018, ICBA's court application for an early trial date was dismissed by Justice Miriam Gropper of the British Columbia Supreme Court, in order to allow the government time to respond. Following the hearing, ICBA's lawyer, Peter Gall, told reporters ICBA would be seeking an interim injunction.[43] On July 24, ICBA filed an application seeking an interim injunction to halt campaign financing rules and prevent ballots from being counted. The application was heard by Justice Gropper on August 7. In her decision handed down several weeks later, she dismissed the application calling ICBA's allegations about the referendum "rhetoric", "conjecture" and "exaggeration".[44][45] In mid-September, the ICBA announced that they will be seeking leave to appeal Justice Gropper's ruling on the interim injunction.[46] The full trial had been set to take place in September. The matter remains before the court.[47][48][49][50]

Ballot structure and details

Voters will be asked two questions in the referendum. The first will revolve around what electoral system should be used to determine election results: the existing first-past-the-post system or a proportional representation system. The second question will explore what type of proportional voting system should be used if PR is chosen. This will involve voters ranking three proportional representation voting systems: dual-member proportional representation, mixed-member proportional representation, and rural–urban proportional representation.[51][52][11]

Questions

Question 1
Which system should British Columbia use for provincial elections? (Vote for only one.)
SystemVotes%
The current First Past the Post voting system
A proportional representation voting system
Total votes
Turnout
Question 2
If British Columbia adopts a proportional representation voting system, which of the following voting systems do you prefer?
(Rank in order of preference. You may choose to support one, two or all three of the systems.)
SystemRound 1 Round 2
Votes % Votes %
Dual Member Proportional (DMP)
Mixed Member Proportional (MMP)
Rural–Urban Proportional (RUP)
Total votes
Turnout

Proportional voting systems on the ballot

The referendum will ask voters to rank three proportional representation voting systems in order of preference:

Voters will be able to rank one, two, or all three systems.[27]

Dual-member proportional (DMP)

Dual-member proportional is an electoral system designed to produce proportional election results across a region by electing two representatives in each of the region's districts.[53][54] The 1st seat in every district is awarded to the candidate who receives the most votes, similar to first-past-the-post voting (FPTP). The 2nd seat is awarded to one of the remaining district candidates so that proportionality is achieved across the region, using a calculation that aims to award parties their seats in the districts where they had their strongest performances.[55]

DMP was invented in 2013 by a University of Alberta mathematics student named Sean Graham.[56] The system was intended as a possible replacement for FPTP in Canadian national and provincial elections. Whereas campaigns to adopt MMP representation or the single transferable vote had recently been defeated in a number of Canadian provinces (such as the 2005 and 2009 British Columbia referendums, the 2005 Prince Edward Island referendum, and the 2007 Ontario referendum), the intent behind DMP was to gain broader acceptance by retaining salient features of FPTP. These features include a one-vote ballot, relatively small districts (compared with STV), and a single tier of local representatives (in contrast to MMP).[57]

Mixed-member proportional (MMP)

Mixed-member proportional is a mixed electoral system in which voters get two votes: one to decide the representative for their single-seat constituency, and one for a political party. Seats in the legislature are filled firstly by candidates in local ridings, and secondly, by party candidates based on the percentage of nationwide or region-wide votes that each party received.[58]

In 2004, MMP was recommended by the Law Commission of Canada to be adopted for federal elections.[59][60] In 2007, Ontario held a provincial referendum to adopt the system, which failed to pass.[60] In 2016, Prince Edward Island (PEI) voted to adopt MMP in a non-binding referendum.[61] PEI will hold another referendum on the issue during the next provincial election.[62]

A form of MMP is used for national elections in New Zealand and Germany, and in the United Kingdom for elections to the devolved parliaments of Scotland and Wales (where the system is referred to as the Additional Member System).[63][64]

Rural–urban proportional (RUP)

Simplified example of a STV ranked ballot under rural–urban proportional (RUP). RUP is the only system that lets voters rank individual candidates in order of preference.

Rural–urban proportional is a hybrid-proportional system designed by Fair Vote Canada to meet the challenges of Canada's geography.[65][12] As put forward for the BC referendum, it would use mixed-member proportional representation (MMP) in rural areas and the single transferable vote (STV) in urban and semi-urban areas.[52][66][67] Sweden, Denmark and Iceland use voting models with similar hybrid approaches. In Canada from the 1920s to the 1950s, the provinces of Alberta and Manitoba used a hybrid rural–urban system where STV was used in large cities and the alternative vote was used in single-member rural districts.[2][65][68]

The hybrid approach taken by rural–urban proportional reflects lessons learned from previous attempts to pass electoral reform.[69] A major advantage of rural–urban proportional as designed is that it requires creating far fewer top-up seats to achieve proportionality than MMP. Under rural–urban PR, no more than 10–15% of seats – versus 40% of seats under MMP – would need to be set aside as top-up seats to achieve proportionality, because the results from the urban and semi-urban areas would already be proportional owing to their voting having been conducted using STV. For rural areas, rural–urban proportional is advantageous because existing FPTP rural ridings would only need to grow 15% larger to facilitate extra regional top-up seats under it, compared to 67% larger if MMP was chosen or double in size if DMP was chosen. The regional top-up seats would ensure the voting results in rural areas would be proportional.[65]

Of the three systems on the referendum ballot, RUP is the only system that lets voters rank individual candidates in order by preference. The use of ranked ballots means that all candidates must compete with one another for a voter's coveted first place ranking, including candidates running for the same party. Voters can rank long-shot independent candidates or candidates from unpopular parties first without fear of wasting their vote, since candidates who perform badly will have their voter's votes transferred to remaining candidates until every seat in the district is won.

In its scorecard of proportional voting systems, Fair Voting BC gave rural–urban proportional its highest ranking.[70] During the Canadian government's 2016 consultation on electoral reform at the federal level,[12] both the New Democratic Party of Canada and Green Party of Canada recommended Canada adopt either RUP or MMP.[71]

Campaign

The official campaign began July 1, 2018.[36] Groups had until July 6 to apply to Elections BC to be named the official proponent or opponent groups and receive $500,000 in public funding.[72] On July 12, Elections BC announced that Vote PR BC would be the official proponent group and No BC Proportional Representation Society would be the official opponent group.[73][74] Other individuals, groups and political parties are permitted to register as referendum advertisers with Elections BC, but are not eligible for public funds.[36]

The NDP and Green Party are campaigning for proportional representation. Sonia Furstenau, Green MLA, held town halls about electoral reform in cities across the province in July and August.[75][76][77] John Horgan launched the NDP's referendum campaign in early September, saying "Proportional representation means exactly what it says. Whatever proportion, or share, of the vote a party wins, they get that many seats in government."[78] Andrew Wilkinson, BC Liberal leader, is opposing the referendum and proportional representation.[79]

Elections BC will be mailing a referendum information card to every household in the province between September 10 and 28, and a voter's guide between October 15 and 26.[80][81] Voters will receive their referendum voting package in the mail between October 22 and November 2.[81] In early September, the members of the Canadian Union of Postal Workers voted in favour of job action; Elections BC is monitoring the situation and will report on any changes to the process should a postal strike affect the referendum.[82]

Official campaign organizations

Official campaign organizations include the official proponent and opponent groups along with referendum advertising sponsors.[83]

Official proponent and opponent groups

  • Proponent: Vote PR BC
  • Opponent: No BC Proportional Representation Society

Referendum advertising sponsors

Opinion polls

Question 1

Polling FirmLast Date of PollingProportional RepresentationFirst Past the PostUndecidedRef.
Angus ReidSeptember 28, 201833%31%33%[84]
Angus ReidMay 9, 201857%43%-[85]

Question 2

Polling FirmLast Date of PollingMixed-Member ProportionalRural-Urban ProportionalDual Member ProportionalRef.
Angus ReidSeptember 28, 201849%26%24%[86]

After the referendum

In the event a proportional system is adopted, the independent BC Electoral Boundaries Commission will need to determine the number and location of new electoral districts. A legislative committee will need to determine whether the number of Members of the Legislative Assembly should increase, and if so by how many (to a maximum of an additional 8). Some other aspects of the how the new system will work may need to be determined by a legislative committee.[87]

If a form of proportional representation is adopted, the government has also committed to holding a further confirming referendum after two general elections.[27][30] Voters in that future referendum would have the option of maintaining the form of proportional representation adopted or switching back to the first-past-the-post electoral system.[28][88] On October 2, 2018, the government introduced legislation to enact the requirement for this second referendum into law. If a change from the first-past-the-post system is adopted in 2018, the bill would require a second referendum on electoral reform to occur within 13 months of the second provincial general election held under the chosen proportional representation voting system (no later than November 30, 2026). If voters decide to keep the existing first-past-the-post system in 2018, a second referendum would not take place.[89][90]

References

  1. 1 2 Elections British Columbia (1988). "Electoral History of British Columbia 1871–1986" (PDF). Retrieved June 21, 2018.
  2. 1 2 Pilon, Dennis (August 2007). The Politics of Voting: Reforming Canada's Electoral System. Emond Publishing. pp. 81–82.
  3. ↑ Elections British Columbia (1988). "Electoral History of British Columbia 1871–1986" (PDF). pp. 231–232. Retrieved June 21, 2018.
  4. ↑ Pilon, Dennis (August 2007). The Politics of Voting: Reforming Canada's Electoral System. Emond Publishing. p. 76.
  5. ↑ Elections BC (2018). "Electoral History of B.C." Retrieved June 25, 2018.
  6. 1 2 British Columbia Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform (December 2004). "Making Every Vote Count: The Case for Electoral Reform in British Columbia" (PDF). Government of British Columbia. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 13, 2005. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
  7. ↑ Pilon, Dennis (August 2007). The Politics of Voting: Reforming Canada's Electoral System. Emond Publishing. pp. 90–91.
  8. ↑ Elections BC (May 17, 2005). "Statement of Votes – Referendum on Electoral Reform" (PDF). p. 9. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
  9. ↑ Elections BC (May 12, 2009). "Statement of Votes – Referendum on Electoral Reform" (PDF). p. 20. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
  10. ↑ "Electoral reform". Real Change. Liberal Party of Canada. Retrieved June 21, 2018.
  11. 1 2 Meissner, Dirk (May 30, 2018). "B.C. electoral reform referendum includes two-part ballot question". The National Post. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
  12. 1 2 3 Special Committee on Electoral Reform (December 1, 2016). Strengthening Democracy in Canada: Principles, Process and Public Engagement for Electoral Reform (Report). Parliament of Canada. Retrieved June 21, 2018.
  13. ↑ Stone, Laura. "Trudeau abandons electoral reform, breaking key campaign promise". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 2017-02-06.
  14. ↑ Smith, Joanna (February 1, 2017). "Trudeau abandons promise for electoral reform". Maclean's. The Canadian Press. Retrieved June 21, 2018.
  15. ↑ "Platform 2017" (PDF). bcndp.ca. BC NDP. Retrieved March 30, 2018.
  16. ↑ Omand, Geordon (May 18, 2017). "B.C. parties leave door open to electoral reform without a referendum". CBC News. Retrieved June 5, 2018.
  17. ↑ BC Green Party (2017). "Change You Can Count On: Platform 2017". Retrieved June 5, 2018.
  18. ↑ McElroy, Justin (May 29, 2017). "B.C. Green Party agrees to support NDP in the legislature". CBC News. Retrieved June 5, 2018.
  19. ↑ BC NDP Caucus (May 30, 2017). "2017 Confidence and Supply Agreement between the BC Green Caucus and the BC New Democrat Caucus" (PDF). Retrieved June 5, 2018.
  20. ↑ Hipolito, Chad (May 31, 2018). "The road ahead for B.C. politics". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved June 5, 2018.
  21. ↑ Meissner, Dirk (June 23, 2017). "B.C. Throne Speech: Clark's Liberals Promise Electoral Reform Referendum, Sales Tax Cut". Huffington Post Canada. Retrieved June 11, 2018.
  22. ↑ "Speech from the Throne". Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. June 22, 2017. Retrieved June 11, 2018.
  23. ↑ McElroy, Justin. "NDP Leader John Horgan to be next premier of British Columbia". CBC News. Retrieved June 30, 2017.
  24. ↑ Electoral Reform Referendum 2018 Act, SBC 2017, c 22. available online at BCLaws and Canlii.
  25. ↑ Hunter, Justine (November 30, 2017). "B.C. NDP, Greens flex partnership with swath of new policy achievements". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved June 23, 2018.
  26. ↑ Meissner, Dirk (November 23, 2017). "B.C. New Democrats invite public electoral reform vote; Liberals cry foul". Vancouver Sun. Retrieved June 7, 2018.
  27. 1 2 3 Eby, David (May 30, 2018). "How We Vote 2018 Electoral Reform Referendum: Report and Recommendations of the Attorney General" (PDF). Government of British Columbia. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
  28. 1 2 MacLeod, Andrew (May 30, 2018). "Eby Unveils Proposed Electoral Reform Referendum Questions". The Tyee. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
  29. ↑ Eagland, Nick (June 4, 2018). "New Zealand gives B.C. a lesson on proportional representation". Vancouver Sun. Retrieved June 6, 2018.
  30. 1 2 Office of the Premier (June 7, 2018). "Premier's statement on recommendations for proportional representation referendum" (Press release). Government of British Columbia. Retrieved June 7, 2018.
  31. ↑ Fletcher, Tom (June 7, 2018). "B.C. cabinet approves multiple-choice voting referendum". The Chilliwack Progress. Black Press. Retrieved June 7, 2018.
  32. ↑ Grauer, Perrin (June 10, 2018). "Campaign to change B.C. voting system hits the streets, with Ontario election in mind". StarMetro Vancouver. Retrieved June 11, 2018.
  33. ↑ Ryan, Denise (June 10, 2018). "Canvassers take case for B.C. electoral reform to commuters". Vancouver Sun. Retrieved June 11, 2018.
  34. ↑ Boegman, Anton (June 18, 2018). "Letter to the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly" (PDF). Elections BC. Retrieved June 19, 2018.
  35. ↑ Press Progress (June 19, 2018). "Elections BC Just Blew a Giant Hole in the Big Money Campaign Attacking Electoral Reform". Press Progress. Retrieved June 19, 2018.
  36. 1 2 3 4 "Electoral Reform Referendum 2018 Regulation, Reg. 313/2018" (PDF). govTogetherBC. Government of British Columbia. June 22, 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 23, 2018. Retrieved June 23, 2018.
  37. ↑ The Canadian Press (June 22, 2018). "Electoral reform vote in B.C. includes $500,000 each for pro and con groups". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved June 23, 2018.
  38. ↑ Little, Simon (June 22, 2018). "B.C. lays out rules for fall referendum on changing the way politicians are elected". Global News. Retrieved June 23, 2018.
  39. ↑ "About ICBA". icba.ca. Independent Contractors and Business Association. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
  40. 1 2 Mulgrew, Ian (June 29, 2018). "Injunction sought to halt B.C. proportional representation vote". Vancouver Sun. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
  41. ↑ Kretzel, Lasia (June 29, 2018). "ICBA, Union seek injunction on proportional representation referendum". News 1130. Retrieved July 1, 2018.
  42. ↑ Bains, Camille (July 1, 2018). "B.C. referendum campaign launches as groups file petition to stop process". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved July 2, 2018.
  43. ↑ Mulgrew, Ian (July 18, 2018). "B.C. electoral system referendum foes lose first round". Vancouver Sun. Retrieved July 19, 2018.
  44. ↑ Fraser, Keith (August 28, 2018). "Judge refuses to stop B.C.'s referendum on proportional representation voting system". Vancouver Sun. Retrieved August 28, 2018.
  45. ↑ Ball, David (August 28, 2018). "Judge quashes attempt to halt mailing of ballots for B.C.'s referendum on electoral reform". The Star Vancouver. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
  46. ↑ Yuzda, Liza (September 13, 2018). "ICBA seeking appeal on proportional representation referendum injunction request". Global News. Retrieved September 13, 2018.
  47. ↑ Li, Wanyee (July 25, 2018). "Business group files injunction in effort to suspend B.C. referendum on electoral reform". The Star Vancouver. Retrieved July 25, 2018.
  48. ↑ Fletcher, Tom (July 25, 2018). "B.C. group files for injunction to suspend voting referendum". Surrey Now-Leader. Retrieved July 25, 2018.
  49. ↑ Fletcher, Tom (August 7, 2018). "B.C. voting referendum challenge back in court". The Abbotsford News. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
  50. ↑ Green, Melanie (August 7, 2018). "Business group argues injunction to halt province's referendum on electoral reform". The Star Vancouver. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
  51. ↑ McElroy, Justin (May 30, 2018). "B.C. to choose between 4 systems for electoral reform referendum". CBC News. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
  52. 1 2 McElroy, Justin (June 2, 2018). "Know your voting systems: three types of electoral reform on B.C.'s ballot". CBC News. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
  53. ↑ Sean Graham (April 4, 2016). "Dual-Member Mixed Proportional: A New Electoral System for Canada" (PDF).
  54. ↑ PEI Special Committee on Democratic Renewal (November 27, 2015). "Recommendations in Response to the White Paper on Democratic Renewal" (PDF).
  55. ↑ "Dual Member Proportional (DMP)". elections.bc.ca. Elections BC. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
  56. ↑ Canadian House of Commons Special Committee on Electoral Reform (29 September 2016). "Meeting No. 33 Evidence".
  57. ↑ The Guardian (October 29, 2016). "EDITORIAL: We endorse DMP option in plebiscite". The Guardian.
  58. ↑ "Mixed Member Proportional (MMP)". elections.bc.ca. Elections BC. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
  59. ↑ Law Commission of Canada (2004). "Voting Counts: Electoral Reform for Canada" (PDF). Minister of Public Works and Government Services.
  60. 1 2 Ouellet, Valérie; Dubinsky, Zach (June 16, 2018). "The electoral game: What would Ontario results look like under a different voting system?". CBC News. Retrieved June 19, 2018.
  61. ↑ Bradley, Susan (8 November 2016). "P.E.I. plebiscite results favour mixed member proportional representation". CBC News. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
  62. ↑ CBC News (June 12, 2018). "Much-amended P.E.I. referendum legislation passes". CBC News. Retrieved June 13, 2018.
  63. ↑ Humphrey, Matt (June 25, 2018). "Why New Zealand's former prime minister believes proportional representation works better". CBC News. Retrieved June 25, 2018.
  64. ↑ Fair Vote Canada (2018). "Mixed Member Proportional". Fair Vote Canada. Retrieved June 25, 2018.
  65. 1 2 3 Fair Vote Canada (2018). "Rural–Urban Proportional". Fair Vote Canada. Retrieved June 25, 2018.
  66. ↑ "Rural-Urban Proportional (RUP)". elections.bc.ca. Elections BC. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
  67. ↑ Zussman, Richard (May 30, 2018). "British Columbians will vote on our electoral system — Here are the 4 options". Global News. Retrieved June 5, 2018.
  68. ↑ Shaun Bowler and Bernard Grofman (editors). Elections in Australia, Ireland and Malta Under the Single Transferable Vote (2000)
  69. ↑ Dhillon, Sunny (June 17, 2018). "BC's proportional representation voting system options include two that are lesser known". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved June 21, 2018.
  70. ↑ Fair Voting BC. "Scorecard". Fair Voting BC. Retrieved July 3, 2018.
  71. ↑ Wherry, Aaron; Tasker, John Paul (December 1, 2016). "Minister 'disappointed' as electoral reform committee recommends referendum on proportional representation". CBC News. Retrieved June 25, 2018.
  72. ↑ "2018 Referendum Funding". elections.bc.ca. Elections BC. Retrieved June 26, 2018.
  73. ↑ The Canadian Press (July 12, 2018). "Yes and No groups selected before B.C.'s electoral reform referendum". CTV News. Retrieved July 14, 2018.
  74. ↑ "2018 Referendum Funding". elections.bc.ca. Elections BC. Retrieved July 14, 2018.
  75. ↑ Slack, Jeff (July 19, 2018). "Green Party MLA holding forum on Electoral Reform in PG". My Prince George Now. Retrieved September 7, 2018.
  76. ↑ Staff (August 21, 2018). "Green MLA Furstenau visits Nelson-Creston riding". Nelson Daily. Retrieved September 7, 2018.
  77. ↑ Eckford, Sean (August 24, 2018). "Simons and Green MLAs discuss PR, cooperation". Coast Reporter. Retrieved September 7, 2018.
  78. ↑ Palmer, Vaughn (September 7, 2018). "Horgan selling positives of electoral change, but there are negatives". Vancouver Sun. Retrieved September 7, 2018.
  79. ↑ Smyth, Mike (June 3, 2018). "B.C. Liberals declare all-out war on proportional representation". The Province. Retrieved September 7, 2018.
  80. ↑ Fletcher, Tom (September 10, 2018). "Voter registration push begins for B.C. referendum". Castlegar News. Retrieved September 10, 2018.
  81. 1 2 "Referendum Resources". elections.bc.ca. Elections BC. Retrieved September 11, 2018.
  82. ↑ Zussman, Richard (September 13, 2018). "Postal strike could cause delays for proportional representation referendum". Global News. Retrieved September 13, 2018.
  83. ↑ "2018 Referendum Advertising Sponsors" (PDF). elections.bc.ca. Elections BC. Retrieved October 8, 2018.
  84. ↑ http://angusreid.org/bc-electoral-reform-referendum/
  85. ↑ http://angusreid.org/bc-ndp-one-year/
  86. ↑ http://angusreid.org/bc-electoral-reform-referendum/
  87. ↑ "What happens after the referendum?". elections.bc.ca. Elections BC. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  88. ↑ Zussman, Richard (June 7, 2018). "B.C. cabinet confirms format of electoral reform referendum". Global News. Retrieved June 25, 2018.
  89. ↑ Zussman, Richard (October 2, 2018). "B.C. Government to legislate a second referendum on electoral reform if new system passes". Global News. Retrieved October 3, 2018.
  90. ↑ CHEK News (October 2, 2018). "Legislation proposed for a confirming referendum if B.C. voters choose proportional representation". CHEK News. Retrieved October 3, 2018.
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