Bram van der Stok

Bram van der Stok
Bram van der Stok
Born (1915-10-13)13 October 1915
Pladju, Sumatra, Dutch East Indies
Died 8 February 1993(1993-02-08) (aged 77)
Virginia Beach, Virginia, United States
Allegiance Kingdom of the Netherlands
Service/branch Royal Netherlands Air Force
Years of service 1936–1945
Battles/wars World War II
Awards Officer of the Order of Orange-Nassau
Bronze Lion
Bronze Cross
Member of the Order of the British Empire (United Kingdom)

Bram van der Stok, MBE (13 October 1915 – 8 February 1993), also known as Bob van der Stok, was a World War II fighter pilot and flying ace, and is the most decorated aviator in Dutch history. He was one of the three men to successfully break out of imprisonment by the III Reich from the POW camp at Stalag Luft III, in what became known as "The Great Escape".[1][2]

Early years

Van der Stok spent his childhood between Sumatra, the Netherlands, and the Dutch West Indies, where his father was employed with Shell Petroleum. After finishing his primary education at the Lyceum Alpinum in Switzerland, he studied Medicine at Leiden University with the intention of pursuing the career of a physician. Whilst at Leiden he was an enthusiastic sportsman, focusing on rowing and ice hockey. In 1937 he joined the Reserve of the Netherlands' Luchtvaartafdeeling (Army Aviation Group) – a precursor of the Royal Netherlands Air Force, training on the Fokker S.IV, whilst continuing his medical studies at Utrecht University.[3]

World War II

When the Netherlands was attacked and invaded by the Third Reich in May 1940, van der Stok – now flying with the Netherlands' Air Force's renamed Luchtvaartbrigade (Army Aviation Brigade), scored his first victory when he shot down a Luftwaffe Messerschmitt Bf 109 whilst on patrol in a Fokker D.XXI over De Kooy airfield, and also took part in an air attack on the Netherlands' Waalhaven Airport, which had been seized by the Germans and was being used by the Luftwaffe for operations.[4]

After the Netherlands' defeat and occupation by the Wehrmacht, he made three unsuccessful attempts to follow the Dutch Crown in its withdrawal across the North Sea to England. On the fourth attempt, he managed to reach Scotland in June 1941 as a stowaway aboard the Swiss merchant ship Saint Cerque, which had sailed out of Rotterdam, along with Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema and two others. He was awarded the Dutch Bronze Cross for his actions by Queen Wilhelmina.[5]

Following a refresher and conversion course with the Royal Air Force's No.57 Operational Training Unit, he was posted to its No.41 Squadron in December 1941 flying the Supermarine Spitfire, with which he went on to achieve six confirmed kills amongst Luftwaffe aircraft up to April 1942, therewith qualifying as a flying ace.[6]

Capture, imprisonment and escape

Stalag Luft III mockup.

On 12 April 1942, during an operation code-named 'Circus 122' over occupied North France to attack the railway marshaling yard at Hazebrouck, van der Stok was shot down whilst flying Spitfire Vb BL595. He parachuted down safely at Saint-Omer in the Pas-de-Calais, but was immediately captured by a Wehrmacht patrol.[Note 1]

He was subsequently incarcerated in the newly built Stalag Luft III (where, with his medical training, he worked in the prison's medical facility. Whilst at Stalag Luft III he made three escape attempts. The first was inadvertently spoiled by another POW who drew attention to the escaping van der Stok while retrieving a stolen German cap from the roof of a hut. The second attempt was thwarted when the German guards noticed that a forged pass he was using to get past them was out of date. His third attempt, on the night of 24–25 March 1944, was as a part of what later became known as "The Great Escape", where he was the #18 man out of the escape tunnel of a total of 76 prisoners who staged a mass break-out of the camp. Only three ultimately succeeded in getting clean away: van der Stok, who crossed much of occupied Western Europe before reaching the safety of neutral Spain, and two Norwegians, Per Bergsland and Jens Müller, who managed to reach neutral Sweden.[7]

After the break-out, van der Stok traveled from Breslau train station to Dresden where he was stopped at several checkpoints, convincing the Germans that he was not one of the escapees. He then traveled to Utrecht through Oldenzaal and met up with a member of the Dutch underground, who briefed and equipped him for a bicycle trek to another safe house run by the Belgian Resistance. After arriving there, he was given the paperwork of a Belgian, and then traveled by train via Brussels and Paris to Toulouse, where the French Resistance put him with two American lieutenants, two other RAF pilots, a French officer and a Russian, and took the group across the Pyrenees to Lleida in Spain. The British consulate in Spain accepted the Allied escapees and, three months after the break-out of Stalag Luft III, van der Stok reached British Empire territory once again by arriving in Gibraltar on 8 July 1944. He was subsequently flown from Gibraltar to Whitchurch Airport in England on 11 July 1944.[8][Note 2]

Back in England, van der Stok rejoined the RAF and was posted to No.91 Squadron flying the Spitfire MK.XIV's (Type 379), going on to fight in Operation Overlord and the anti-V-1 fighter aircraft sweeps along the Low Countries coast. The following year, he joined No.74 Squadron for a brief time before, being appointed in March 1945 to the command of the Dutch RAF No.322 Squadron, based in the Netherlands, where, coming into contact with his family for the first time since he had left the Netherlands in 1940, he learned to his horror that his two brothers had been killed in concentration camps and his father had been blinded by the Gestapo.[9]

Post-war

He was awarded the Order of Orange Nassau from the Netherlands, and was inducted as a Member of the Order of the British Empire. He was offered a permanent commission and senior staff rank with the Royal Netherlands Air Force, but declined it and instead resumed and completed his pre-war study, qualifying with a degree in medicine from the University of Utrecht in 1951.

Later life

He relocated to the United States of America with his wife Petie and their three children, and took practice as a OB-GYN in Syracuse, New York, and as a general practitioner in Ruidoso, New Mexico. He subsequently joined NASA's space lab research team in Huntsville, Alabama. In 1980 he published a war memoir entitled: Oorlogsvlieger van Oranje (War Pilot of Orange). In 1987 Van der Stok moved to Honolulu, where he continued in medical practice. He also worked with the U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary, and took part in 162 rescues.[10]

Death

Van der Stok died at Virginia Beach, Virginia, U.S.A., on 8 February 1993.[11]

Personal life

Van der Stok married Lucia Maria Beata Walter (died Santa Barbara, California, U.S.A., 1990).[12]

Legacy

In the 1963 film The Great Escape, elements of his part in the affair were written into the role of 'Sedgwick', played by the actor James Coburn.

Honors

A C-130 Hercules of the Royal Netherlands Air Force is named after him [13]

Publications

  • van der Stok, Bram (1980). Oorlogsvlieger van Oranje. Haarlem: De Haan. ISBN 978-90-228-3550-0.
  • van der Stok, Bram (1987). War Pilot of Orange: Dutch Fighter Pilot World War II. Missoula: Pictorial Histories Publishing. ISBN 978-0-933126-89-3.

Notes

  1. ↑ In his war memoir, van der Stok cites the date of his capture as 14 July 1942, but from his original RAF 'Escape & Evasion Report' (dated 11 July 1944) at England's National Archive, the date of capture is given as 12 April 1942.
  2. ↑ In his war memoir, van der Stok gives the date of his arrival back in England as 20 May 1944, but his original RAF 'Escape & Evasion Report' (dated 11 July 1944) at England's National Archive gives the actual date as 11 July 1944.

References

  1. ↑ "Bram van der Stok". Telegraph.co.uk. 1 July 1993.
  2. ↑ "www.strijdbewijs.nl".
  3. ↑ Obituary for vand der Stock, 'The Daily Telegraph', 1 July 1993.
  4. ↑ 'Bram van der Stok - Combat Record', website detailing van der Stok's war record. http://strijdbewijs.nl/birds/spitfire/stok.htm
  5. ↑ Obituary for van der Stock. 'The Daily Telegraph', 1 July 1993.
  6. ↑ Christopher F. Shores (2004). Those Other Eagles: A Tribute to the British, Commonwealth, and Free European Fighter Pilots who Claimed Between Two and Four Victories in Aerial Combat, 1939–1982. Grub Street. p. 610. ISBN 978-1-904010-88-3.
  7. ↑ Obituary for van der Stok, 'The Daily Telegraph', 1 July 1993.
  8. ↑ Obitury for van der Stock, 'The Daily Telegrapgh', 1 July 1993.
  9. ↑ 'The Daily Telegrapgh', obituary for van der Stok, 1 July 1993.
  10. ↑ Obituary, 'The Daily Telegraph', 1 July 1993.
  11. ↑ Entry for van der Stok in the online 'Geni' website. http://www.geni.com/people/Abraham-van-der-Stok/6000000031202140933
  12. ↑ Entry in 'Geni' website. http://www.geni.com/people/Lucia-Maria-Beta/6000000031201961962
  13. ↑ image
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