Biota of the Isle of Man

This is a list of the known wild biota of the Isle of Man.

Non-native species are marked *, extinct species are marked †. If this status is uncertain the species is also marked ?.

Each listing follows the following format: English name (where one exists), binomial/trinomial scientific name with authorities for uncommon species, Manx name (where one exists), status.

Amphibia (amphibians)

Salamandridae (salamanders and newts)

Anura (frogs and toads)

Aves (birds)

Gaviidae (divers)

Podicipedidae (grebes)

Hydrobatidae (petrels)

Procellariidae (shearwaters)

Sulidae (gannets and boobies)

Phalacrocoracidae (cormorants)

  • Cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo (Fannag)
  • Shag, Phalacrocorax aristotelis (Fannag)

Ardeidae (egrets and herons)

Anatidae (swans, geese and ducks)

Accipitridae (hawks, eagles, kites and harriers)

Falconidae (falcons)

Phasianidae (partridges and quail)

Tetraonidae (grouse)

Phasianidae (pheasants)

Rallidae (rails and crakes)

Haematopodidae (oystercatchers)

Scolopacidae (waders)

Scolopacidae (woodcock and snipe)

Laridae (gulls)

Alcidae (auks)

Columbidae (pigeons)

Tytonidae (barn owls)

Strigidae (other owls)

Hirundinidae (swallows)

Motacillidae (wagtails)

Troglodytidae (wrens)

  • Wren, Troglodytes troglodytes (Drean)

Prunellidae (dunnock)

Turdidae (thrushes)

Sylviidae (warblers)

Paridae (tits)

Sturnidae (starlings)

Corvidae (corvids)

Passeridae (sparrows)

Fringillidae (finches)

Emberizidae (buntings)

Insecta (insects)

Neuroptera (lacewings)

  • Chrysops vulgaris
  • Chrysops ventralis
  • Hemerobius lutescens
  • Micromus veriegatus

Trichoptera (caddisflies)

  • Limnophilus auricula
  • Limnophilus flavicornis
  • Limnophilus elegans

Odonata (dragonflies)

Orthoptera (grasshoppers and crickets)

Dermaptera (earwigs)

Diptera (true flies)

Hymenoptera (bees, wasps and ants)

  • Agrothereutes abbreviata
  • Andrena clarkella
  • Andrena denticulata
  • Andrena labilis
  • Bombus agrorum
  • Bombus lucorum
  • Bombus muscorum
  • Crabo cribarius
  • Dolerus liogaster
  • Dolerus cothurnatus
  • Halictus calceatus
  • Lissonata bellator
  • Myrmica ruginodis
  • Parabates cristatus
  • Pontania viminalis
  • Psythyrus campestris
  • Spilichneumon occisorius
  • Trichoma enecator

Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths)

Pieridae (whites)

Lycaenidae (blues and coppers)

Satyridae (browns)

Nymphalidae (fritillaries and aristocrats)

Arctiidae (woolly worm moths)

Geometridae (geometers)

Sphingidae (hawkmoths)

Notodontidae (prominent moths)

Noctuidae (noctuids)

Hemiptera (true bugs)

Mammalia (mammals)

Chiroptera (bats)

Lagomorpha (rabbits and hares)

Insectivora (insect-eaters)

Rodentia (rodents)

Carnivora (carnivores)

Cervidae (deer)

  • Irish elk, Megaloceros giganteus (Feeaih Mooar) †

Pinnipedia (seals and walruses)

  • Grey seal, Halichoerus grypus (Raun Glass)
  • Common seal, Phoca vitulina (Raun) (occasional, not known to breed)

Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates or hoofed mammals)

Marsupialia (marsupials)

Cetacea (whales and dolphins)

Note that Manx nomenclature traditionally did not differentiate between species. Most whales are known as 'Muc Varrey' (sea pigs) or 'Perkin Mooar' and small dolphins as 'Doraid'.

Regularly seen species

Rarely seen species

Vagrant species

Extinct populations

Domestic animals

All sorts of domesticated species have been brought to the Isle of Man by humans over the millennia. Two notable landrace breeds have evolved distinctively on the island:

  • Manx cat, a domestic cat (Felis catus) with genetic abbreviation of the tail, which may range from no tail at all to essentially full-size. Developed as a standardised breed in the late 19th century, the Manx cat has become a popular breed world-wide, but is in danger of diseappearing on the island itself, as it is being out-bred by other cats imported over the last century by primarily English immigrants. The long-haired variety is called the Cymric cat in some breed registries, and was primarily developed in Canada, not the Isle of Man.
  • Manx Loaghtan, a variety of domestic sheep (Ovis aries) with brown wool and four horns, rare outside the island and considered "at risk" by the Rare Breeds Survival Trust. The dwindling numbers of the sheep have also caused a local decline in the population of wild corvid birds called choughs – the sheep keep grasses short, making the insect prey of the birds easier to find, and the sheep dung attracts beetles preferred by the birds.

Mollusca (molluscs)

Reptilia (reptiles)

Chondrichthyes (cartilagenous fish)

Osteichthyes (bony fish)

Arthropoda (arthropods)

The format here is common English name (if one exists), followed by scientific name, followed by authority in brackets. There are no Manx names.

Anostraca

Chirocephalidae

Arachnida (spiders)

218 species of Arachnids have been identified in the Isle of Man as of 1 January 2002.[14]

Pholcidae

Segestriidae

Dysderidae

Oonopidae

Mimetidae

Nesticidae

  • Nesticus cellulanus (Clerck)

Theridiidae

Linyphiidae

  • Ceratinella brevipes (Westring)
  • Ceratinella brevis (Wider)
  • Ceratinella scabrosa (O.P.-Cambridge)
  • Walckenaeria acuminata (Blackwall)
  • Walckenaeria antica (Wider)
  • Walckenaeria nodosa (O.P.-Cambridge)
  • Walckenaeria nudipalpis (Westring)
  • Walckenaeria monoceros (Wider)
  • Walckenaeria unicornis (O.P.-Cambridge)
  • Walckenaeria kochi (O.P.-Cambridge)
  • Walckenaeria cuspidata (Blackwall)
  • Walckenaeria vigilax (Blackwall)
  • Dicymbium nigrum (Blackwall)
  • Dicymbium brevisetosum Locket
  • Dicymbium tibiale (Blackwall)
  • Entelecara erythropus (Westring)
  • Gnathonarium dentatum (Wider)
  • Gongylidium rufipes (Sundevall)
  • Dismodicus bifrons (Blackwall)
  • Hypomma bituberculatum (Wider)
  • Hypomma cornutum (Blackwall)
  • Metopobactrus prominulus (O.P.-Cambridge)
  • Baryphyma trifrons (O.P.-Cambridge)
  • Gonatium rubens (Blackwall)
  • Gonatium rubellum (Blackwall)
  • Maso sundevalli (Westring)
  • Peponocranium ludicrum (O.P.-Cambridge)
  • Pocadicnemis pumila (Blackwall)
  • Pocadicnemis juncea Locket & Millidge
  • Oedothorax gibbosus (Blackwall)
  • Oedothorax fuscus (Blackwall)
  • Oedothorax agrestis (Blackwall)
  • Oedothorax retusus (Westring)
  • Oedothorax apicatus (Blackwall)
  • Trichopterna thorelli (Westring)
  • Pelecopsis mengei (Simon)
  • Pelecopsis parallela (Wider)
  • Silometopus ambiguus (O.P.-Cambridge)
  • Silometopus elegans (O.P.-Cambridge)
  • Cnephalocotes obscurus (Blackwall)
  • Tiso vagans (Blackwall)
  • Tapinocyba praecox (O.P.-Cambridge)
  • Tapinocyba pallens (O.P.-Cambridge)
  • Monocephalus fuscipes (Blackwall)
  • Monocephalus castenipes (Simon)
  • Lophomma punctatum (Blackwall)
  • Gongylidiellum vivum (O.P.-Cambridge)
  • Micrargus subaequalis (Westring)
  • Micrargus herbigradus (Blackwall)
  • Erigonella hiemalis (Blackwall)
  • Savignia frontata (Blackwall)
  • Diplocephalus cristatus (Blackwall)
  • Diplocephalus permixtus (O.P.-Cambridge)
  • Diplocephalus latifrons (Blackwall)
  • Diplocephalus picinus (Blackwall)
  • Araeoncus humilis (Blackwall)
  • Araeoncus crassiceps (Westring)
  • Erigone dentipalpis (Wider)
  • Erigone atra (Blackwall)
  • Erigone promiscua (O.P.-Cambridge)
  • Erigone arctica (White)
  • Erigone longipalpis (Sundevall)
  • Drepanotylus uncatus (O.P.-Cambridge
  • Leptothrix hardyi (Blackwall)
  • Hilaira excisa (O.P.-Cambridge)
  • Halorates reprobus (O.P.-Cambridge)
  • Ostearius melanopygius (O.P.-Cambridge)
  • Porrhomma pygmaeum (Blackwall)
  • Porrhomma convexum (Westring)
  • Agyneta subtilis (O.P.-Cambridge)
  • Agyneta conigera (O.P.-Cambridge)
  • Agyneta decora (O.P.-Cambridge)
  • Agyneta cauta (O.P.-Cambridge)
  • Agyneta olivacea (Emerton)
  • Agyneta ramosa Jackson
  • Meioneta rurestris (C.L. Koch)
  • Meioneta saxatilis (Blackwall)
  • Microneta viaria (Blackwall)
  • Centromerus sylvaticus (Blackwall)
  • Centromerus prudens (O.P.-Cambridge)
  • Tallusia experta (O.P.-Cambridge)
  • Centromerita bicolor (Blackwall)
  • Centromerita concinna (Thorell)
  • Saaristoa abnormis (Blackwall)
  • Bathyphantes approximatus (O.P.-Cambridge)
  • Bathyphantes gracilis (Blackwall)
  • Bathyphantes parvulus (Westring)
  • Bathyphantes nigrinus (Westring)
  • Kaestneria pullata (O.P.-Cambridge)
  • Diplostyla concolor (Wider)
  • Poeciloneta variegata (Blackwall)
  • Drapetisca socialis (Sundevall)
  • Tapinopa longidens (Wider)
  • Floronia bucculenta (Clerck)
  • Taranucnus setosus (O.P.-Cambridge)
  • Labulla thoracica (Wider)
  • Stemonyphantes lineatus (Linnaeus)
  • Bolyphantes luteolus (Blackwall)
  • Lepthyphantes leprosus (Ohlert)
  • Lepthyphantes minutus (Blackwall)
  • Lepthyphantes alacris (Blackwall)
  • Lepthyphantes obscurus (Blackwall)
  • Lepthyphantes tenuis (Blackwall)
  • Lepthyphantes zimmermanni Bertkau
  • Lepthyphantes mengei (Kulczynski)
  • Lepthyphantes flavipes (Blackwall)
  • Lepthyphantes tenebricola (Wider)
  • Lepthyphantes ericaeus (Blackwall)
  • Linyphia triangularis (Clerck)
  • Neriene montana (Clerck)
  • Neriene clathrata (Sundevall)
  • Neriene peltata (Wider)
  • Microlinyphia pusilla (Sundevall)
  • Allomengea scopigera (Grube)

Tetragnathidae

Araneidae

Lycosidae

Pisauridae

Agelenidae

Cybaeidae

Hahniidae

Dictynidae

Amaurobiidae

Liocranidae

  • Agroeca proxima (O.P.-Cambridge)
  • Scotina gracilipes (Blackwall)
  • Phrurolithus festivus (C.L. Koch)

Clubionidae

Gnaphosidae

Philodromidae

Thomisidae

Salticidae

Plants

Pinophyta (conifers)

Cupressaceae (cypresses)

Magnoliopsida

Brassicales

Nymphaeaceae (waterlilies)

Fungi

Mycetozoa (slime moulds)

  • Anopodium ampullaceum
  • Sporormia fimetaria

Strophariaceae (dung fungi)

62 species of dung fungi have been recorded in the Isle of Man as of 13 April 2009 by Michael J. Richardson, a British mycologist. The following are from a sample of rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) pellets collected at The Ayres on 6 January 2008.

Ascomycetes

Pezizales

  • Coprotus sexdecimsporus
  • Iodophanus carneus

Thelebolales

  • Thelebolus polysporus

Helotiales

  • Unguiculella tityrii

Sordariales

  • Arnium mendax
  • Bombardioidea stercoris
  • Coniochaeta hansenii
  • Podospora pleiospora
  • Schizothecium tetrasporum
  • Schizothecium vesticola

Microascales

  • Viennotidia fimicola

Pleosporales

  • Delitschia winteri
  • Sporormiella australis
  • Sporormiella grandispora
  • Sporormiella intermedia
  • Trichodelitschia minuta

Basidiomycetes

Agaricales

  • Coprinus miser
  • Coprinus stercoreus

Zygomycetes

Mucorales

  • Pilaira moreaui

Myxomycetes

  • Didymium difforme

References

  1. 1 2 BBC NEWS | World | Europe | Isle of Man | Climate conference spots insects
  2. ↑ http://www.mwdw.net/species/harbour-porpoise-phocoena-phocoena/
  3. ↑ http://www.mwdw.net/species/378-2/
  4. ↑ http://www.mwdw.net/species/short-beaked-common-dolphin/
  5. ↑ http://www.mwdw.net/species/rissos-dolphin/
  6. ↑ http://www.mwdw.net/species/minke-whale/
  7. ↑ http://www.mwdw.net/species/rare-species/
  8. ↑ http://www.mwdw.net/species/rare-species/
  9. ↑ http://www.mwdw.net/species/rare-species/
  10. ↑ http://imuseum.im/search/collections/objects/mnh-museum-39653.html
  11. ↑ https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-37198843
  12. ↑ Perrin, William F.; Würsig, Bernd G.; Thewissen, J. G. M. (2009). Encyclopedia of marine mammals. Academic Press. p. 404. ISBN 978-0-12-373553-9.
  13. ↑ https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-29146540
  14. ↑ Welcome to Isleofman.com - The online Manx Portal Archived May 17, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
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