Corixidae

Corixidae
Hesperocorixa castanea
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hemiptera
Suborder: Heteroptera
Infraorder: Nepomorpha
Family: Corixidae
Leach, 1815
Subfamilies, Genera

33 genera in 6 subfamilies

Corixidae is a family of aquatic insects in the order Hemiptera. They are found worldwide in virtually any freshwater habitat and a few species live in saline water.[1] There are about 500 known species worldwide, in 33 genera, including the genus Sigara.

Members of the Corixidae are known in the United States as water boatmen, a term that is sometimes used in the United Kingdom for Notonecta glauca, an insect of a different family, Notonectidae, and Corixa punctata is the "lesser water boatman".[2]

Morphology and ecology

Corixidae generally have a long flattened body ranging from 2.5 to 15 mm (0.1–0.6 in) long.[1] Many have extremely fine dark brown or black striations marking the wings. They have four long rear legs and two short front ones. The hind legs are covered with hairs and shaped like oars, hence the name "water boatman". Their four hindmost legs have scoop- or oar-shaped tarsi to aid swimming.[3] They also have a triangular head with short, triangular mouthparts. Corixidae dwell in slow rivers and ponds, as well as some household pools.

Water boatman active under the ice in March at Glenmore Reservoir, Calgary, Alberta

Unlike their relatives the backswimmers (Notonectidae), who swim upside down, Corixidae swim right side up. It is easy to tell the two types of insects apart simply by looking at the swimming position.[1]

Corixidae are unusual among the aquatic Hemiptera in that they are mostly non-predatory, feeding on aquatic plants and algae instead of insects and other small animals. They use their straw-like mouthparts to inject enzymes into plants. The enzymes digest the plant material, letting the insect suck the liquified food back through its mouthparts and into its digestive tract. A few species will eat small invertebrates such as larvae of Nematocera, but the family is primarily herbivorous.[1]

Some species within this family are preyed upon by a number of amphibians including the rough-skinned newt, Taricha granulosa.[4]

The reproductive cycle of Corixidae is annual. Eggs are typically oviposited (deposited) on submerged plants, sticks, or rocks. In substrate limited waters (waters without many submerged oviposition sites), every bit of available substrate will be covered in eggs.

Genera

These 55 genera belong to the family Corixidae:

  • Acromocoris Bode, 1953 g
  • Agraptocorixa Kirkaldy, 1898 g
  • Archaecorixa Popov, 1968 g
  • Arctocorisa Wallengren, 1894 i c g b
  • Bakharia Popov, 1988 g
  • Bumbacorixa Popov, 1986 g
  • Callicorixa White, 1873 i c g b
  • Cenocorixa Hungerford, 1948 i c g b
  • Centrocorisa Lundblad, 1928 i c g
  • Corisella Lundblad, 1928 i c g b
  • Corixa Geoffroy, 1762 i c g
  • Corixalia Popov, 1986 g
  • Corixonecta Popov, 1986 g
  • Corixopsis Hong & Wang, 1990 g
  • Cristocorixa Popov, 1986 g
  • Cymatia Flor, 1860 i c g b
  • Dasycorixa Hungerford, 1948 i c g b
  • Diacorixa Popov, 1971 g
  • Diapherinus Popov, 1966 g
  • Diaprepocoris c g
  • Ectemnostegella Lundblad, 1928 g
  • Gazimuria Popov, 1971 g
  • Glaenocorisa Thomson, 1869 i c g b
  • Graptocorixa Hungerford, 1930 i c g b
  • Haenbea Popov, 1988 g
  • Heliocorisa Lundblad, 1928 g
  • Hesperocorixa Kirkaldy, 1908 i c g b
  • Liassocorixa Popov, Dolling & Whalley, 1994 g
  • Linicorixa Lin, 1980 g
  • Lufengnacta Lin, 1977 g
  • Mesocorixa Hong & Wang, 1990 g
  • Mesosigara Popov, 1971 g
  • Micronecta Kirkaldy, 1897 g b
  • Morphocorixa Jaczewski, 1931 i c g
  • Neocorixa Hungerford, 1925 i c g
  • Neosigara Lundblad, 1928 g
  • Palmacorixa Abbott, 1912 i c g
  • Palmocorixa b
  • Paracorixa Stichel, 1955 g
  • Parasigara Poisson, 1957 g
  • Pseudocorixa Jaczewski, 1931 i c g
  • Ramphocorixa Abbott, 1912 i c g b
  • Ratiticorixa Lin, 1980 g
  • Shelopuga Popov, 1988 g
  • Siculicorixa Lin, 1980 g
  • Sigara Fabricius, 1775 i c g b
  • Sigaretta Popov, 1971 g
  • Synaptonecta Lundblad, 1933 i c g b
  • Tenagobia Bergroth, 1899 i c g
  • Trichocorixa Kirkaldy, 1908 i c g b
  • Velocorixa Popov, 1986 g
  • Venacorixa Lin Qibin, 1986 g
  • Vulcanicorixa Lin, 1980 g
  • Xenocorixa Hungerford, 1947 g
  • Yanliaocorixa Hong, 1983 g

Data sources: i = ITIS,[5] c = Catalogue of Life,[6] g = GBIF,[7] b = Bugguide.net[8]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Randall T. Schuh; James Alexander Slater (1996). True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera:Heteroptera): Classification and Natural History (2 ed.). Cornell University Press. pp. 119–122. ISBN 978-0801420665.
  2. ↑ BBC Science and Nature: Water boatman, common backswimmer Notonecta glauca Retrieved on 2008-07-26
  3. ↑ Missouri Department of Conservation: Water boatmen Retrieved on 2016-08-08
  4. ↑ C. Michael Hogan (2008) Rough-skinned Newt (Taricha granulosa), Globaltwitcher, ed. Nicklas Stromberg
  5. ↑ "Corixidae Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2018-04-20.
  6. ↑ "Browse Corixidae". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 2018-04-20.
  7. ↑ "Corixidae". GBIF. Retrieved 2018-04-20.
  8. ↑ "Corixidae Family Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2018-04-20.
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