BioWare

BioWare
Subsidiary
Industry Video game industry
Founded February 1, 1995 (1995-02-01)
Founder
Headquarters Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Key people
Products List of BioWare video games
Number of employees
 800[1] (2010)
Parent Electronic Arts (2007–present)
Divisions See § Structure
Website bioware.com

BioWare is a Canadian video game developer located in Edmonton, Alberta. It was founded in February 1995 by newly graduated medical doctors Ray Muzyka, Greg Zeschuk and Augustine Yip, alongside Trent Oster, Brent Oster and Marcel Zeschuk. As of 2007, the company is owned by American publisher Electronic Arts.

BioWare specializes in role-playing video games, and achieved recognition for developing highly praised and successful licensed franchises: Baldur's Gate, Neverwinter Nights, and Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic. They proceeded to make several other successful games based on original intellectual property: Jade Empire, the Mass Effect series, and the Dragon Age series. In 2011, BioWare launched their first massively multiplayer online role-playing game, Star Wars: The Old Republic.

History

Foundation

An early logo used by BioWare

BioWare was established in February 1995 by Ray Muzyka, Greg Zeschuk, Trent Oster, Brent Oster, Marcel Zeschuk and Augustine Yip. The three doctors (Muzyka, Zeschuk, Yip), who had recently graduated together from medical school at the University of Alberta,[2] had done some programming for use in school and played video games for recreation, eventually deciding to develop their own.[3] Their success in the medical field provided them with the funding they needed to launch a video game company. To make their first game, they pooled their resources, which resulted in capital of $100,000.[3]

1990s: Shattered Steel and Baldur's Gate

Their first game, Shattered Steel, began its life as a proof-of-concept demo, similar to the MechWarrior games. This demo was submitted to ten publishers, seven of whom returned to the company with an offer. A publishing deal for Shattered Steel was eventually signed with Interplay Entertainment. Brent Oster and Trent Oster left BioWare at that time to form Pyrotek Studios, which continued developing Shattered Steel but broke up a year later, with Trent returning to BioWare to finish the game.[4] BioWare's first game was released the following year. Shattered Steel's release was described by IGN as a "modest success" with "decent sales". Two noteworthy points were the deformable terrain (player weapon damage caused craters in the environment) and zone damage (well-placed gunfire could shoot mounted weapons off enemies). A sequel to Shattered Steel was planned for 1998 but never realized.[3]

BioWare's founders and staff were keenly interested in both computerized and pen-and-paper variants of role-playing games. Their next development project, therefore, was determined to be a role-playing game. When Interplay financed "exploratory development", BioWare presented the publishers with a demo called Battleground: Infinity. Interplay suggested that the demonstrated gameplay engine would be well-suited to the Dungeons & Dragons licence which it had acquired from Strategic Simulations. Accordingly, Infinity was reworked in line with the Dungeons & Dragons ruleset.[3]

This resulted in Baldur's Gate, which witnessed a development cycle of three years. During this time, the three doctors continued to practice medicine. However, in the final years of the project, the demands of development prompted Muzyka and Zeschuck to leave medicine and move into full-time development. Augustine Yip decided to continue with his medical practice. Baldur's Gate sold more than two million copies after its release, nearly matching the sales of Diablo. Following the success of Baldur's Gate, the Infinity Engine was used for the games Planescape: Torment and the Icewind Dale series. The success of Baldur's Gate was followed by an expansion pack for the game: Tales of the Sword Coast.[5]

2000s: EA acquisition, Mass Effect and Dragon Age

Logo used by BioWare for almost two decades, from Baldur's Gate to Mass Effect: Andromeda

At this point, BioWare decided to return to the action genre. The company's initial thought was to develop a sequel to Shattered Steel, but eventually a sequel to MDK from Shiny Entertainment was chosen for development.[3] MDK 2 was released on PC, Dreamcast, and eventually PlayStation 2, offering BioWare their first taste of developing games for consoles.[5] MDK 2 drew the same level of praise as its predecessor but, despite the success, BioWare returned to the Baldur's Gate series for their next project.[3]

Baldur's Gate II: Shadows of Amn was released in 2000,[5] two years after the release of Baldur's Gate.[3] Baldur's Gate II sold two million copies, matching the sales of the first game in the series. However, the success of both Baldur's Gate II and MDK 2 was not enough to stabilize Interplay financially, who eventually went bankrupt.[3] Following Interplay's bankruptcy, BioWare began to work with Infogrames, which was later renamed to Atari.[5] Neverwinter Nights was originally to be published by Interplay, but the company lost the licence of the game to Atari and part of their Dungeons & Dragons licence to BioWare. After selling their D&D licence to Atari, BioWare developed Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic and Jade Empire. It had publishing relationships with Interplay Entertainment, Infogrames and, under its new name Atari, LucasArts, and Microsoft.

The next few years saw a number of changes in BioWare's corporate status. In November 2005, it was announced that BioWare and Pandemic Studios (itself founded by former Activision employees) would be joining forces, with private equity fund Elevation Partners investing in the partnership. On October 11, 2007, however, it was announced that this new partnership (organized as VG Holding Corp) had been bought by Electronic Arts.[6] BioWare therefore became a unit of EA, but retained its own branding.

In 2007, BioWare released the science fiction role-playing game Mass Effect. The following year, BioWare released Sonic Chronicles: The Dark Brotherhood on the Nintendo DS, its first title for a handheld game console. Later, EA announced that BioWare would be merged with Mythic Entertainment, another division of EA, so that they could have all of their role-playing game development in one business unit.

The growth of the MMORPG group as part of Electronic Arts in 2008 has resulted in three additional studios being added to the BioWare group outside BioWare's original home base in Edmonton. The first, located in Austin, Texas, and headed by industry veterans Gordon Walton and Richard Vogel, was created to work on the Star Wars: The Old Republic MMORPG project. Both the studio and the project were announced on March 13, 2006. On March 2, 2009, BioWare announced it had opened a new studio in Montreal, Quebec, to assist with existing projects as necessary.[7] In 2009 Mythic Entertainment, based in Fairfax, Virginia, became part of the RPG/MMO Group, later being renamed BioWare Mythic in early 2010.

On June 24, 2009, Electronic Arts announced a restructuring of their role-playing and massively multiplayer online games development into a new group that included both Mythic Entertainment and BioWare. Ray Muzyka, co-founder and general manager of BioWare, was appointed the Group general manager of this newly formed "BioWare Group". BioWare's other co-founder, Greg Zeschuk, became the Group Creative Officer for the new MMORPG studio group. Rob Denton stepped up as general manager of Mythic, reporting to Muzyka, and later became the Group Operations Officer of the new group. BioWare's studios remained unchanged and continued to report to Muzyka.[8] Near the end of 2009, BioWare released the acclaimed fantasy role-playing game Dragon Age: Origins.

2010s: Muzyka and Zeschuk's departure, Mass Effect on hiatus, Anthem

In January 2010, BioWare released the sequel to Mass Effect, Mass Effect 2, which would go on to receive critical acclaim and more than 60 awards. The company announced that it would be opening up a new customer service office in Galway, Ireland, in 2011.[9] BioWare completed three major games between 2011 and 2012. The massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) Star Wars: The Old Republic is based on BioWare's previous contribution to the Star Wars franchise,[10] and was announced on October 21, 2008, although BioWare had first mentioned an unspecified new collaboration with LucasArts in October the previous year.[11] The other games were Dragon Age II, the sequel to Dragon Age: Origins, and Mass Effect 3.[12][13][14]

Following the release of Mass Effect 3 in March 2012, numerous players complained about its endings failing to fulfill the developer's earlier promises regarding the conclusion of the trilogy. In response to these criticisms, BioWare announced on April 5 that they would reschedule their post-release content production and release an "Extended Cut" DLC that would expand the original endings and address the most common points of critique.[15] The Extended Cut was released as a free download on June 26, 2012.[16] In the aftermath of the controversy, Forbes contributor Erik Kain wrote that it "may end up being a healthy one for the industry, opening a new chapter in gamer/developer/publisher relations", calling BioWare and EA's decision to act on the fans' complaints a "remarkable" choice that made gamers realize "that they are entitled, and that it isn't a bad thing, to quality games".[17]

On September 18, 2012, the next day after the official announcement of the third Dragon Age title,[18] both Ray Muzyka and Greg Zeschuk, two of the remaining co-founders of BioWare, simultaneously announced they would be retiring from the gaming industry.[19][20] After almost a year without a formal head, EA appointed Matthew Bromberg the group general manager of the BioWare label on September 9, 2013. Former CEO and president of Major League Gaming, Bromberg worked as the general manager of BioWare Austin since 2012; after his promotion, Jeff Hickman took over as the general manager in Austin. Aaryn Flynn remains in charge of BioWare Canada (Edmonton and Montreal) and Jon Van Caneghem, the head of Victory Games and Waystone Studio (also parts of the BioWare label).[21]

After acquiring and dismantling LucasArts, The Walt Disney Company announced in May 2013 that Electronic Arts will produce future Star Wars games, " in addition to the BioWare team, which is already developing for the Star Wars franchise."[22] In November 2013, teaser images from the next instalment of the Mass Effect series have been released.[23] At E3 2014, BioWare Edmonton announced working on a new (unnamed) original intellectual property in addition to continuing their established series.[24] Another new IP, titled Shadow Realms is an episodic 4 vs. 1 story-driven online action role-playing game, and was announced on Gamescom 2014.[25] On February 9, 2015, Bioware Austin announced that the development on Shadow Realms would not continue.[26][27]

Casey Hudson, the creator of the Mass Effect series, left BioWare in May 2014, while Drew Karpyshyn, writer of Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic, returned in 2015,[28] Dragon Age's writer David Gaider left BioWare in January 2016.[29] Chris Wynn and Chris Schlerf, both of whom had an important role in the development of Mass Effect: Andromeda, left in December 2015 and February 2016 respectively.[30] Alexis Kennedy, co-founder of Failbetter Games and the creative director of Dragon Age: The Last Court, joined BioWare as its "first ever guest writer" in September 2016.[31]

On September 13, 2016, EA announced the formation of EA Worldwide Studios, which would consist of the BioWare Studios, EA Mobile, and Maxis, and led by the DICE co-founder Patrick Soderlund. At the same time, Samantha Ryan, head of EA Mobile and Maxis, was appointed the new head of the BioWare Studios (Aaryn Flynn remained in charge of BioWare Canada).[32] Released in March 2017, Andromeda was at the center of controversy of equal proportions, if not higher than that around the third chapter; starting with heavy criticisms that were addressed before the video game was released[33] to the lukewarm response received by the specialized press and the fandom[34] with sales lower than the previous Mass Effect chapters.[35] Given the circumstances Electronic Arts has reportedly frozen the entire Mass Effect series, downgrading the BioWare Montréal branch from a leading development team to a support team,[36] and later merging it into EA Motive altogether.[37]

During EA's EA Play pre-E3 press conference on June 10, 2017, BioWare revealed Anthem, a new action role-playing game,[38] with BioWare's story writer, Drew Karpyshyn, who previously worked on Mass Effect and Mass Effect 2, contributing to the new game.[39] In July 2017, Aaryn Flynn, General Manager of BioWare, announced that he would depart from the company. Casey Hudson, who left the company in 2014, returned to BioWare as its new General Manager.[40] Lead story developer for Jade Empire and Dragon Age creative director Mike Laidlaw announced his departure from BioWare in October 2017 after 14 years with the company.[41] James Ohlen, the lead designer of the Baldur's Gate series, Neverwinter Nights, Knights of the Old Republic, Jade Empire, and Dragon Age: Origins, as well as the game director of The Old Republic MMO, left the studio after 22 years in July 2018.[42]

Technology

Between 1998 and 2011, BioWare developed a number of in-house video game engines to serve as technical basis for their games. Some of these engines were then licensed to other companies to develop their own games. Others came with modding toolkits, allowing the fan community to implement original adventures using the technology of BioWare's games. BioWare created the Infinity Engine to use it as a core component for development of 2D role-playing video games based on Dungeons & Dragons, the Baldur's Gate series (1998–2001). The engine was also used by Black Isle Studios to create the critically acclaimed Planescape: Torment (1999) and the Icewind Dale series (2000–2002).

The Aurora Engine was the successor to the Infinity Engine, featuring full 3D environments, real-time lighting and shadows, and surround sound.[43] BioWare used the Aurora Engine to produce their 2002 Neverwinter Nights, as well as two expansion packs. The game included the so-called "Aurora toolset", a collection of tools allowing users to create their own digital adventure modules to be played either in single-player or in online multiplayer. The toolset enjoyed great popularity among the modding community, with over a thousand fan-made modules produced in it within half a year after the release.[44] Obsidian Entertainment (successor to Black Isle Studios) used an updated version of BioWare's Aurora, titled "Electron Engine", to produce Neverwinter Nights 2 (2006) and its three expansion packs (2007–2009). Like the original, the Electron toolset was released with the game.[45] The Polish studio CD Projekt Red used the Aurora Engine to develop The Witcher, the 2007 video game adaptation of the Polish fantasy novel series, although the rendering module was rewritten from scratch.

BioWare used an updated version of the Aurora, titled the Odyssey Engine, to produce Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic in 2003 and their first original intellectual property role-playing game Jade Empire in 2005. The Odyssey Engine was the first BioWare engine to allow developing for video game consoles, with both Knights of the Old Republic and Jade Empire originally released for the Xbox before being ported to the PC platform. Obsidian Entertainment used the Odyssey Engine to develop Star Wars Knights of the Old Republic II: The Sith Lords (2004), a sequel to the original Knights of the Old Republic. BioWare maintained limited oversight on Obsidian's development of The Sith Lords, as well as Neverwinter Nights 2.[46]

The Eclipse Engine, also known as the Lycium Engine, succeeded the Odyssey Engine and, among other things, supported PhysX hardware acceleration.[47] It was used to produce Dragon Age: Origins (2009) and its expansion pack (2010). Like Neverwinter Nights, Origins was released with a toolset to allow the players to run their own adventure modules on the Eclipse Engine.[48] An upgraded version of the Eclipse Engine, internally known as the Lycium Engine, was used to produce Dragon Age 2 (2011).[49]

In 2013, EA confirmed that all future games developed by BioWare will be made on EA DICE's Frostbite 3 engine. Both Dragon Age: Inquisition and Mass Effect Andromeda were announced to be based on the Frostbite 3 engine,[50] as part of the general move towards a unified technology foundation across all of Electronic Arts' developer studios.[51]

Subsidiaries

Current

Former

  • BioWare Montreal in Montreal, Quebec; formed in March 2009 to assist the Edmonton studio where necessary.[7] Led the development of DLC for the Mass Effect series as well as Mass Effect: Andromeda.[23] BioWare Montreal was merged with EA's Motive Studios in August 2017.[54]
  • BioWare San Francisco in San Francisco, California; founded as EA2D and developed Mirror's Edge 2D and Dragon Age: Legends, became part of BioWare, but was closed in February 2013.[55][56][57]
  • BioWare Mythic in Fairfax, Virginia; formerly known as Mythic Entertainment, until June 2009, re-renamed to Mythic Entertainment in November 2012 and closed completely in 2014.[58][59]
  • Victory Games; founded in February 2011 as BioWare Victory to develop the 2013 Command & Conquer,[60] it had since dropped the BioWare label in November 2012[59] but remained part of the BioWare group.[21] The studio dissolved in October 2013.[61]
  • Waystone Games; the developer of Dawngate, which was cancelled in November 2014.[62]
  • BioWare Sacramento in Sacramento, California;, founded as KlickNation 2008, acquired and renamed BioWare Sacramento in 2011, and renamed EA Capital Games in 2014.[63]

Games developed

Awards and recognition

The full list of awards can be found on their web site.[64]

  • Spike TV's 2010 Video Game Awards: Studio of the Year (2010)
  • Hall of Fame induction (2010)[65]

In addition to numerous game awards, the company has been awarded in October 2008, as one of Alberta's Top Employers by Mediacorp Canada Inc., which was announced by the Calgary Herald[66] and the Edmonton Journal.[67][68]

References

  1. ↑ Brightman, James (June 4, 2010). "BioWare on RPG Success, Old Republic, Natal and More". industrygamers.com. Archived from the original on July 13, 2011. Retrieved March 11, 2011.
  2. ↑ "Alberta Inventors and Inventions – Dr. Ray Muzyka & Dr. Greg Zeschuk". Heritage Community Foundation. 2003. Archived from the original on March 9, 2009. Retrieved June 22, 2009.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "IGN Presents the History of BioWare". January 21, 2010. Archived from the original on January 2, 2012. Retrieved December 29, 2011.
  4. ↑ Peel, Dan (November 23, 2012). "Baldur's Gate: Enhanced Edition interview: Trent Oster on building "BioWare 0.6 Mark 2"". Archived from the original on January 6, 2018. Retrieved January 5, 2018.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Whitehead, Dan (November 16, 2007). "The History of BioWare". Archived from the original on April 21, 2017. Retrieved December 29, 2011.
  6. ↑ Klepek, Patrick (October 11, 2007). "EA Acquires BioWare, Pandemic". 1UP.com. Archived from the original on May 22, 2016. Retrieved June 14, 2009.
  7. 1 2 Thorsen, Tor (March 2, 2009). "BioWare Mass-ing Montreal devs". GameSpot. Archived from the original on June 21, 2009. Retrieved June 22, 2009.
  8. ↑ "Bioware and Mythic Form New MMO/RPG Group". Mythic Entertainment. June 24, 2009. Retrieved July 18, 2009.
  9. ↑ "Electronic Arts to create 200 jobs in Galway". Archived from the original on March 13, 2012.
  10. ↑ Glasser, AJ (October 22, 2008). "Star Wars: The Old Republic – What We Know So Far". Kotaku. Archived from the original on July 10, 2009. Retrieved June 14, 2009.
  11. ↑ "LucasArts and BioWare Corp. to Create Ground-Breaking Interactive Entertainment Product". LucasArts.com. Archived from the original on February 22, 2014.
  12. ↑ "ActionTrip Mass Effect Interview". Archived from the original on March 18, 2011.
  13. ↑ Purchese, Robert (January 28, 2010). "BioWare's Illusive Man Live QA". Eurogamer.net. Archived from the original on January 31, 2010. Retrieved February 2, 2010.
  14. ↑ Ransom-Wiley, James (January 29, 2010). "BioWare says Dragon Age 2 to look 'super hot'". Joystiq. Archived from the original on January 28, 2015. Retrieved July 7, 2010.
  15. ↑ "Mass Effect 3 Extended Cut". BioWare. April 5, 2012. Archived from the original on April 6, 2012. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
  16. ↑ "Mass Effect 3: Extended Cut". BioWare. June 22, 2012. Archived from the original on June 25, 2012. Retrieved June 23, 2012.
  17. ↑ Kain, Erik (June 26, 2012). "What The 'Mass Effect 3' Extended Cut Means for the Future of the Gaming Industry". Forbes. Archived from the original on August 5, 2012. Retrieved July 21, 2012.
  18. ↑ Goldfarb, Andrew (September 17, 2012). "Dragon Age 3: Inquisition Announced". IGN. Archived from the original on September 19, 2012. Retrieved September 17, 2012.
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  20. ↑ Zeschuk, Greg (September 18, 2012). "From Greg Zeschuk". BioWare Blog. Archived from the original on March 21, 2015. Retrieved September 20, 2012.
  21. 1 2 Takahashi, Dean (September 9, 2013). "EA names new chief of BioWare label (exclusive)". VentureBeat. Archived from the original on September 10, 2013. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
  22. ↑ Gibeau, Frank (May 6, 2013). "EA and Disney Team Up on New Star Wars Games". Electronic Arts. Archived from the original on April 21, 2014. Retrieved March 25, 2014.
  23. 1 2 Phillips, Tom (November 8, 2013). "Mass Effect 4 teaser images released by BioWare". Eurogamer. Archived from the original on November 9, 2013. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
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  25. ↑ "Shadow Realms First Gameplay – IGN Live: Gamescom 2014". IGN. August 15, 2015. Archived from the original on January 24, 2015. Retrieved August 21, 2014.
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  28. ↑ Chalk, Andy (September 21, 2015). "Mass Effect lead writer Drew Karpyshyn returns to BioWare". PC Gamer. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved September 22, 2015.
  29. ↑ Purchese, Robert (February 9, 2016). "Veteran BioWare writer David Gaider seems to have a new job". Eurogamer. Gamer Network. Archived from the original on February 10, 2016. Retrieved February 10, 2016.
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  31. ↑ Smith, Adam (September 12, 2016). "Failbetter Founder Alexis Kennedy Writing For BioWare". Rock, Paper, Shotgun. Archived from the original on September 13, 2016. Retrieved September 16, 2016.
  32. ↑ Mascarenhas, Hyacinth (September 15, 2016). "EA Worldwide Studios: BioWare. EA Mobile and Maxis merged". International Business Times. Archived from the original on September 16, 2016. Retrieved September 16, 2016.
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  34. ↑ "Mass Effect Andromeda Review Roundup: Most Polarizing Game of the Year". tomsguide.com. March 20, 2017. Archived from the original on May 9, 2017. Retrieved May 11, 2017.
  35. ↑ "Mass Effect Andromeda physical launch sales down on ME3". eurogamer.net. March 27, 2017. Archived from the original on May 10, 2017. Retrieved May 11, 2017.
  36. ↑ "Sources: BioWare Montreal Scaled Down, Mass Effect Put On Ice For Now". Kotaku.com. May 10, 2017. Archived from the original on May 10, 2017. Retrieved May 11, 2017.
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  38. ↑ "E3 2017: BioWare Reveals New Project, Anthem". IGN. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
  39. ↑ "Mass Effect 1, 2 and KOTOR writer is working on Anthem, Bioware's new IP". Neowin. Archived from the original on June 14, 2017. Retrieved June 14, 2017.
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  41. ↑ McWhertor, Michael (October 12, 2017). "Dragon Age creative director leaves BioWare". Polygon. Archived from the original on October 19, 2017. Retrieved October 23, 2017.
  42. ↑ Pavlovic, Uros (July 13, 2018). "Another BioWare Departure as Veteran Designer James Ohlen Leaves". PlayStationLifeStyle.net. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
  43. ↑ Shields, Jo (August 27, 2002). "The new night". HEXUS.net. Retrieved May 19, 2009.
  44. ↑ Greig, Scott; et al. (December 4, 2002). "Postmortem: Bioware's Neverwinter Nights". Gamasutra. p. 4. Archived from the original on November 11, 2012. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  45. ↑ "Neverwinter Nights 2 Toolset". Archived from the original on July 21, 2016. Retrieved June 9, 2016.
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  47. ↑ Hatfield, Daemon (November 7, 2006). "BioWare Integrates PhysX into Eclipse". IGN. News Corporation. Archived from the original on September 4, 2015. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  48. ↑ "Dragon Age Origins Toolset". BioWare Social Network. Archived from the original on April 20, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  49. ↑ Hinkle, David (February 8, 2011). "Dragon Age 2 preview: A shot of adrenaline". Joystiq. Archived from the original on February 13, 2011. Retrieved February 24, 2011. While it might appear to run on a new engine, Dragon Age 2 employs an evolved version of Origins' Eclipse engine (now called the Lycium engine internally).
  50. ↑ Gaston, Martin (March 28, 2013). "Next Mass Effect and Dragon Age games using Frostbite 3". GameSpot. Archived from the original on March 31, 2013. Retrieved April 9, 2013.
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  52. ↑ Gera, Emily (August 13, 2014). "Shadow Realms is the next game from BioWare Austin". Video Games. Archived from the original on August 14, 2014. Retrieved August 13, 2014.
  53. ↑ Hickman, Jeff. "An Important Update on Shadow Realms". Archived from the original on February 10, 2015. Retrieved February 10, 2015.
  54. ↑ Kerr, Chris (August 1, 2017). "EA confirms BioWare Montreal is merging with Motive". Gamasutra. Archived from the original on August 1, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
  55. ↑ Yin, Wesley. "EA cans Dead Space series following poor sales of Dead Space 3 – report • News •". Eurogamer.net. Archived from the original on March 7, 2013. Retrieved March 6, 2013.
  56. ↑ Yin, Wesley. "Dragon Age: Legends dev BioWare San Francisco shuts down – report". Eurogamer.net. Archived from the original on March 8, 2013. Retrieved March 6, 2013.
  57. ↑ Andy Chalk. "The Escapist : News : EA Closes BioWare San Francisco – UPDATED". Escapistmagazine.com. Archived from the original on September 4, 2015. Retrieved March 6, 2013.
  58. ↑ Jason Schreier. "EA Shuts Down Longtime Game Studio Mythic Entertainment". Kotaku. Gawker Media. Archived from the original on July 9, 2015. Retrieved June 20, 2015.
  59. 1 2 Reilly, Jim (November 8, 2012). "Mythic, Victory Drop 'BioWare' Label". Game Informer. Archived from the original on January 16, 2013. Retrieved January 27, 2013.
  60. ↑ "Exclusive Interview with Victory Games GM Jon Van Caneghem". CommandAndConquer.com. Electronic Arts. February 24, 2011. Archived from the original on March 12, 2013. Retrieved August 5, 2012.
  61. ↑ McWhertor, Michael (October 29, 2013). "EA cancels Command & Conquer, closes development studio". Polygon. Archived from the original on November 2, 2013. Retrieved November 5, 2013.
  62. ↑ Nelson, Thomas (November 4, 2014). "EA Cancels Production of Dawngate, Disbands Waystone Games". TechRaptor. Archived from the original on January 5, 2015. Retrieved January 5, 2015.
  63. ↑ Cifaldi, Frank. "Victory Games Latest EA Studio To Be Renamed 'BioWare'". gamasutra.com. Archived from the original on January 6, 2018. Retrieved May 8, 2018.
  64. ↑ "BioWare: BioWare Corporate And Community Awards". Archived from the original on November 27, 2010.
  65. ↑ "BioWare's mass effect on video games results in Hall of Fame induction". USA Today. December 7, 2010. Retrieved August 28, 2012.
  66. ↑ "Alberta's top 40 places to work". Calgary Herald. October 18, 2008. Archived from the original on October 15, 2015.
  67. ↑ "Alberta's best focus on attracting, keeping staff". Edmonton Journal. October 31, 2008. Archived from the original on February 5, 2009.
  68. ↑ "Reasons for Selection, 2009 Alberta's Top Employers competition".
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