Binnya Dhammaraza

Binnya Dhammaraza
ဗညားဓမ္မရာဇာ
Binnya Dhammaraza ; ဗညားဓမ္မရာဇာ
King of Hanthawaddy
Reign	1421–1424
Predecessor	Razadarit
Successor	Binnya Ran I
Born	c. 1392/93; Pegu (Bago)
Died	1424 (aged 31); Pegu
Issue	Binnya Kyan
House	Wareru
Father	Razadarit
Religion	Theravada Buddhism

Binnya Dhammaraza (Burmese: ဗညားဓမ္မရာဇာ, pronounced [bəɲá dəma̰jàzà]; c. 1392–1424) was the 10th king of the Hanthawaddy Pegu Kingdom in Burma from 1421 to 1424. He came to power after his father Razadarit died in a hunting accident but he never any real control of the kingdom. He faced both internal rebellions by his brothers Binnya Ran I and Binnya Kyan, and renewed invasions from the Ava Kingdom. While he survived the Ava invasions, the last of the Forty Years' War between Ava and Hanthawaddy kingdoms, he did not survive treachery by his brothers. In 1424, he was poisoned by his brother Binnya Ran, who succeeded the throne.

Reign

Upon accession, Binnya Dhammaraza immediately faced rebellions by his younger brothers Binnya Ran and Binnya Kyan. Binnya Dhammaraza pacified Binnya Ran by making him the heir-apparent and governor of Bassein and the entire Irrawaddy delta. Binnya Kyan invited King Thihathu of Ava to invade the kingdom but became disillusioned with his alliance when Ava's troops plundered and looted towns. Binnya Dhammaraza again bought peace by giving Binnya Kyan the governorship of Martaban.^[1] Now, he was left with just Pegu of the three main provinces of the Hanthawaddy region.

Although he tried to buy peace and unity by giving territory to his brothers, his brothers were not satisfied. Binnya Kyan ruled Martaban as an independent king. Binnya Ran expanded his territory by occupying Dagon (Yangon), part of Pegu province. When the Ava forces came to occupy Dala opposite Dagon, Binnya Ran presented his sister Shin Sawbu to Thihathu, and bought peace. In 1424, Binnya Ran poisoned Binnya Dhammaraza and became the eleventh king of Hanthawaddy.^[2]

Historiography

Various Burmese chronicles do not agree on the key dates of the king's life.

Source	Birth–Death	Age	Reign	Length of reign	Reference
Razadarit Ayedawbon (c. 1560s)	not reported	not reported	1421/22–1424/25	3	^{[note 1]}
Maha Yazawin (1724) and Hmannan Yazawin (1832)	not reported	not reported	1423/24–1426/27	3
Slapat Rajawan (1766)	c. 1393	31	1421/22–1424/25	3	^[3]
Pak Lat Chronicles (1912)	not reported	not reported	1420/21–1423/24	3	^[4]
Mon Yazawin (Shwe Naw) (1785, 1922)	c. 1682–1713/14 [sic]	31	1710/11–1713/14 [sic]	3	^{[note 2]}

Notes

↑ (Pan Hla 2005: 356, footnote 1): Binnya Dala's version of the chronicle says Razadarit died in 783 ME (30 March 1421 to 29 March 1422). But the editor Pan Hla preferred Pak Lat's 782 ME (29 March 1420 to 29 March 1421) as Razadarit's death year and Binnya Dhammaraza's accession year. (Pan Hla 2005: 369) continues that Binnya Dhammaraza reigned for 3 more years until 785 ME (29 March 1423 to 28 March 1424), which in Binnya Dala's version should be 786 ME (29 March 1424 to 29 March 1425).
↑ (Shwe Naw 1922: 49): The king died in 1075 ME (1713/1714 CE) in his 32nd year (at age 31).

References

↑ Phayre 1967: 81–82
↑ Harvey 1925: 115–116
↑ Schmidt 1906: 20–21, 118–119
↑ Pan Hla 2005: 369

Bibliography

Athwa, Sayadaw (1766). Translated by P.W. Schmidt. "Slapat des Ragawan der Königsgeschichte". Die äthiopischen Handschriften der K.K. Hofbibliothek zu Wien (in German) (1906 ed.). Vienna: Alfred Hölder. 151.
Harvey, G. E. (1925). History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
Kala, U (1724). Maha Yazawin (in Burmese). 1–3 (2006, 4th printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
Pan Hla, Nai (1968). Razadarit Ayedawbon (in Burmese) (8th printing, 2004 ed.). Yangon: Armanthit Sarpay.
Phayre, Lt. Gen. Sir Arthur P. (1883). History of Burma (1967 ed.). London: Susil Gupta.
Royal Historical Commission of Burma (1832). Hmannan Yazawin (in Burmese). 1–3 (2003 ed.). Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar.
Shwe Naw, ed. (1785). Mon Yazawin (Shwe Naw) (in Burmese). Translated by Shwe Naw (1922 ed.). Yangon: Burma Publishing Workers Association Press.

Regnal titles
Binnya Dhammaraza Hanthawaddy Dynasty Born: c. 1392 Died: 1424
Preceded by Razadarit	King of Hanthawaddy 1421–1424	Succeeded by Binnya Ran I
Royal titles
Preceded by Bawlawkyantaw	Heir to the Hanthawaddy Throne 14?? – 1421	Succeeded by Binnya Ran I

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[3] (Pan Hla 2005: 356, footnote 1): Binnya Dala's version of the chronicle says Razadarit died in 783 ME (30 March 1421 to 29 March 1422). But the editor Pan Hla preferred Pak Lat's 782 ME (29 March 1420 to 29 March 1421) as Razadarit's death year and Binnya Dhammaraza's accession year. (Pan Hla 2005: 369) continues that Binnya Dhammaraza reigned for 3 more years until 785 ME (29 March 1423 to 28 March 1424), which in Binnya Dala's version should be 786 ME (29 March 1424 to 29 March 1425).

[6] (Shwe Naw 1922: 49): The king died in 1075 ME (1713/1714 CE) in his 32nd year (at age 31).

[app-1] Phayre 1967: 81–82

[geh-2] Harvey 1925: 115–116

[pws-20-21-118-119-4] Schmidt 1906: 20–21, 118–119

[nph-369-5] Pan Hla 2005: 369

Burmese monarchs
Pagan Dynasty 849–1297	Pyinbya Tannet Sale Theinhko Nyaung-u Sawrahan Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu Kyiso Sokkate Anawrahta Saw Lu Kyansittha Sithu I Narathu Naratheinkha Sithu II Htilominlo Naratheinga Uzana¹ Kyaswa Uzana Narathihapate Kyawswa²
Myinsaing and Pinya Kingdoms 1297–1364	Athinkhaya¹, Yazathingyan¹ and Thihathu¹ Thihathu Uzana I Sithu¹ Kyawswa I Kyawswa II Narathu Uzana II
Sagaing Kingdom 1315–1364	Saw Yun Tarabya I Anawrahta I Kyaswa Anawrahta II Tarabya II Minbyauk Thihapate
Kingdom of Ava 1364–1555	Thado Minbya Swa Saw Ke Tarabya Minkhaung I Thihathu Min Hla Kale Kyetaungnyo Mohnyin Thado Minye Kyawswa I Narapati I Thihathura Minkhaung II and Thihathura II Narapati II Sawlon³ and Thohanbwa³ Hkonmaing³ Narapati III³ Narapati IV³
Hanthawaddy Kingdom 1287–1539, 1550–1552	Wareru Hkun Law Saw O Saw Zein Zein Pun Saw E Binnya E Law Binnya U Maha Dewi¹ Razadarit Binnya Dhammaraza Binnya Ran I Binnya Waru Binnya Kyan Leik Munhtaw Shin Sawbu Dhammazedi Binnya Ran II Takayutpi Smim Sawhtut⁴ Smim Htaw⁴
Mrauk U Kingdom 1429–1785	Saw Mon Khayi Ba Saw Phyu Dawlya Ba Saw Nyo Ran Aung Salingathu Raza Gazapati Saw O Thazata Minkhaung Min Bin Dikkha Saw Hla Sekkya Phalaung Razagyi Khamaung Thiri Thudhamma Sanay Narapati Thado Sanda Thudhamma Thiri Thuriya Wara Dhammaraza Muni Thudhammaraza Sanda Thuriya I Nawrahta Mayuppiya Kalamandat Naradipati Sanda Wimala I Sanda Thuriya II Sanda Wizaya Sanda Thuriya III Naradipati II Narapawara Sanda Wizala Madarit Nara Apaya Thirithu Sanda Parama Apaya Sanda Thumana Sanda Wimala II Sanda Thaditha Maha Thammada
Prome Kingdom 1482–1542	Thado Minsaw Bayin Htwe Narapati⁵ Minkhaung⁵
Toungoo Dynasty 1510–1752	Mingyi Nyo Tabinshwehti Bayinnaung Nanda Nyaungyan Anaukpetlun Minye Deibba Thalun Pindale Pye Narawara Minye Kyawhtin Sanay Min Taninganway Min Mahadhammaraza Dipadi
Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom 1740–1757	Smim Htaw Buddhaketi Binnya Dala
Konbaung Dynasty 1752–1885	Alaungpaya Naungdawgyi Hsinbyushin Singu Phaungka Bodawpaya Bagyidaw Tharrawaddy Pagan Mindon Thibaw
¹Regent or Co-Regent ²Mongol vassal (1297) ³Confederation of Shan States (1527–55) ⁴Brief revival (1550–52) ⁵Vassal of Confederation of Shan States (1532–42)